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SectionⅡLearningaboutLanguageⅠ.高频单词点击1.freezing(adj.)冰冻的,严寒的→freeze(v.)使冻结,冷冻→frozen(adj.)冷冻的→freezer(n.)冷冻箱2.stool(n.)凳子,大便3.gratitude(n.)感激;感恩→grateful(adj.)感激的4.punishment(n.)惩罚,惩处→punish(v.)惩罚,惩处Ⅱ.常用句型必备It_was_no_wonder_thatFrankWild,thekindestofmen,describes“cryinglikeababy”whenhesawShackletonreturnatlastwiththerescueparty.Ⅲ.单元语法聚焦TheAttribute(定语)[单词点击]1.freezing(1)adj.冻结的;冰冻的;极冷的freezingpoint冰点Shutthewindow;I’mfreezing!关上窗户,我冷极了!Don’tgoout;it’sfreezingoutside!别出去,外面冷极了!(2)adv.冰冻一样地It’sfreezingcoldoutside.外面极为寒冷。(3)n.结冰,冰结Inthesummer,largecropsoffruitmaybepreservedbyfreezingorbottling.夏天收获的大量水果可冷藏或装瓶装罐加以保存。(4)freezev.酷寒,使冻结,冻僵,毛骨悚然Pleasefreezethefishandmeatinordertopreventitfromgoingrotten.请把鱼和肉冷冻起来以防止它们腐烂。nItfrozehardlastnight.昨晚冷得厉害。Thestoryhetoldusfrozemewithterror.他给我们讲的故事把我吓得毛骨悚然。freezern. 冰箱;冰库;冷冻库frozenadj.冷冻的freezing,frozen(1)freezing表示天气,态度等极冷的,冷淡的。(2)frozen表示食品的冷冻或人的冷淡无情,如afrozenheart冷酷的心,frozenfish冷冻鱼,常用来修饰名词。 (1)What________weatheritis.(2)Thematchgirlwas________deadatnight.(3)Thesmile________onherfaceatthebadnews.答案:(1)freezing (2)frozen (3)froze2.gratituden.感激;感谢outofgratitude 出于感激,报恩地withgratitude感谢地,感激地ingratitudefor为答谢……Heacceptedherhelpwithgratitude.他心怀感激地接受了她的帮助。Hegavethemalovelybookcaseingratitudefortheirkindness.他送给他们一个精致的书橱以答谢他们的好意。gratefuladj. 感激的begratefultosb.forsth.因某事而感激某人I’mreallygratefultoyouforyourkindoffer.对于您善意的帮助,我深表感激。 (1)我感谢所有老师的帮助。Iam________________alltheteachers________theirhelp.(2)他感激地朝他们笑了笑。Hesmiledatthem________________.n答案:(1)gratefulto;for (2)withgratitude3.punishmentn.惩罚,惩处Hewassenttohisroomasapunishment.他被罚回到他的房间。Thepunishmentistoomuchforsuchachild.对这样一个孩子来说处罚太重了。punishvt. 惩罚;粗鲁地对待;大量消耗punishsb.with/bysth.通过某事惩罚某人punishsb.forsth.因为某事惩罚某人Shewaspunishedfortellingalie.她因说谎而被处罚了。 (1)Thecourtshouldmakethe________fitthecrime.(2)Theyhavebeen________bylaw.答案:(1)punishment (2)punished[句型归纳] It_was_no_wonder_thatFrankWild,thekindestofmen,describes“cryinglikeababy”whenhesawShackletonreturnatlastwiththerescueparty.难怪弗兰克·怀尔德——最友善的船员描述到,当他看到沙克尔顿最终带着救援队返回时,他当时“哭得像个孩子”。Itisnowonder/Nowonder(that)+句子这一结构意为:难怪,并不奇怪,当然Itisnowonder(that)hehaspassedtheexamination.难怪他考试及格了。Nowonderheisnothungry;hehasbeeneatingsweetsallday.难怪他不饿,他整天在吃糖果。wondern.奇迹,惊讶的事,v.想知道;使惊讶do/workwonders创造奇迹wonderat/about(doing)sth.对……感到惊讶Weallwonderedathisrudeness.我们没想到他那么粗鲁。 (1)难怪他总是考第一。________________________________________________________________________(2)我想知道他在做什么。________________________________________________________________________n答案:(1)It’snowonderthathealwaysgetsthefirstintheexams. (2)Iwonderwhatheisdoing.定 语定语是用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词。可用来作定语的词有形容词、名词或名词所有格、代词、数词、副词、词组或合成词、不定式(短语)、v.ing形式、过去分词、介词短语以及从句等。1.形容词作定语Heisanhonestandhardworkingboy.他是一个诚实、勤勉的男孩。(1)表语形容词作定语时须后置,如alive,asleep,awake等。peoplealive活着的人 themanawake醒着的那个人(2)多个形容词的排序为:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老。颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠。abigoldstonebridge一座大而老的石桥(3)present,proper,left作定语时后置。allthepeoplepresent所有在场的人(4)形容词修饰不定代词时须后置。somethingnecessary必要的东西(5)复合形容词作定语时,连字符连接的名词必须是单数。atwentymeterlongbridge一座20米长的桥2.名词作定语Theyarewomenpilots.她们是女飞行员。(1)woman,man作定语时,当所修饰词为单数时,它们用单数;当所修饰词为复数时,它们用复数,但boy,girl一律用单数。(2)名词作定语时,一般用单数,但某些常用复数的词,当它们用作定语时,也须用复数。如:armsproduction武器生产;clothesshop服装商店;salesdepartment营业部。3.代词作定语Hisproposalisworthconsidering.他的建议值得考虑。Whosebookisthis?这是谁的书?4.数词作定语Thesunis93,000,000milesaway.太阳离我们九千三百万公里。n基数词作定语可以后置。theyear2008,2008年Room315,315房间。5.副词作定语Shemetmeonherwayhome.她在回家的路上碰到我。副词作定语通常后置。thewindowabove上面的窗户thehelicopteroutside外面的直升飞机6.介词短语作定语We’llhaveareportoncurrentaffairsonSundaymorning.我们周日上午要听形势报告。7.不定式(短语)作定语That’stheteachingplanforyoutodiscuss.这就是供你讨论的那份教学计划。不定式作定语表示将来的动作,且不定式作定语要后置;或者修饰其前有序数词的名词。ZhaiZhigangisthefirstChinesetowalkinspace.翟志刚是第一个在太空行走的中国人。Therearemanyproblemstodealwith.有许多问题要解决。8.v.ing形式作定语arisingsun一颗冉冉升起的太阳(1)v.ing作定语,一个词时放在名词前,短语作定语要后置。thewomanlivinginthenextdoor住在隔壁的女人(2)v.ing式作定语表示主动或正在进行的动作。acryingchild一个在哭泣的孩子(3)v.ing式作定语表示名词的功能。awalkingstick拐杖9.过去分词(短语)作定语fallenleaves落叶thestolencar那辆被盗汽车过去分词作定语表被动或已经完成的动作。boiledwater开水10.从句作定语n引导定语从句的词有关系代词who,whom,whose,that,as,which及关系副词when,where,why。Thenumberofpeoplewho/thatlosthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.无家可归的人数达到25万。Thisisthegirlwhosefatherisaprofessor.这就是那个女孩,她父亲是个教授。Chinaisadevelopingcountry,asisknowntoall.众所周知,中国是个发展中国家。Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.那就是他为什么那么早就离开的原因。1.(福建高考)Withonlineshoppingincreasinglypopular,theInternetisseenasa(n)________wayofreachingtargetcustomers.A.temporary B.complexC.accurateD.efficient解析:选D 考查形容词辨析。句意:随着网上购物变得越来越流行,网络被看作是一种吸引目标顾客的有效方法。temporary“暂时的”;complex“复杂的”;accurate“准确的”;efficient“有效的,效率高的”。由increasinglypopular“越来越受欢迎”可知,网络是一种吸引目标顾客有效的(efficient)方法。2.(山东高考)There’sanotepinnedtothedoor________whentheshopwillopenagain.A.sayingB.saysC.saidD.havingsaid解析:选A 考查非谓语动词。句意:钉在门上的一张便条上写着商店何时再开张。根据语境可知所填词要作后置定语修饰note。从逻辑关系上看,note与say之间是主动关系,所以选A项,在此用现在分词作后置定语。3.(浙江高考)AmieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse________toguardher.A.toappointB.appointingC.appointedD.havingappointed解析:选C 考查非谓语动词。句意:身残的阿米·萨蒙,在学校由一个指定守护她的护士照料着。appointed在此充当后置定语,修饰前面的nurse,appoint与nurse之间是动宾关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。4.(重庆高考)We’llreachthesalestargetsinamonth________wesetatthebeginningoftheyear.nA.whichB.whereC.whenD.what解析:选A 考查定语从句。因为先行词指物,又因为从句的动词set缺少必要的宾语,所以只能选A项;D项在从句中虽然可以作宾语但是不能引导定语从句。5.(江苏高考)Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especiallyatwork________agoodimpressionisamust.A.whichB.whenC.asD.where解析:选D 考查定语从句。本题的先行词是work,使用关系副词where引导定语从句,在从句中充当状语,相当于inwhich。Ⅰ.单项填空1.Thedoctordidall________hecouldtosavethewoundedsoldier.A.whichB.whatC.不填D.about解析:选C 定语从句为hecould,省去了动词do。其先行词为all,应用关系代词that,不能用which。由于是作hecoulddo的宾语,that被省略。2.Manystudentssignedupforthe________raceinthesportsmeetingtobeheldnextweek.A.800metrelongB.800metreslongC.800metrelengthD.800metreslength解析:选A 题意为:许多学生都报名参加下周运动会中的800米赛跑。“数词-单数名词-形容词”构成复合形容词,可用来作定语修饰名词。3.Hehasn’tsleptatallforthreedays.________heistiredout.A.ThereisnopointB.ThereisnoneedC.ItisnowonderD.Itisnoway解析:选C itisnowonder...难怪……;不奇怪……;thereisnoway...不可能……,……没门儿;thereisnopoint...……没用,……无用的;thereisnoneed...……没有必要。4.—Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?—Thekey________theproblemistomeetthedemand________bythecustomers.A.tosolving;makingB.tosolving;madeC.tosolve;makingD.tosolve;maden解析:选B 本题考查介词和分词短语作定语。5.Mywifehasplantedsome________rosesinourgarden.A.littleredbeautifulB.beautifulredlittleC.redlittlebeautifulD.beautifullittlered解析:选D 根据形容词作定语的排列顺序,限定→描绘→大长高→形状→年龄和新老→颜色→国籍→材料→作用→类别,可知三词的排列顺序应为beautiful(描绘)→little(大小)→red(颜色)。6.Theactresshadneverexperiencedsuchasituation,________shewassurroundedandquestionedbymanyreporters.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that解析:选B situation作“情形,形势”讲时,是表地点的抽象名词,且后面定语从句中缺状语,因此应选能用作地点状语的关系副词where。7.Thereare500________inmyshoefactory.A.womanworkersB.womenworkerC.womenworkersD.women’sworkers解析:选C man与woman作定语时比较特殊,若修饰复数名词时,man与woman也变为复数。8.Heacceptedthemoneygivenbythegovernmentwithgreat________.A.gratitudeB.gratefulC.gratefullyD.thankful解析:选A withgratitude感激地。9.(北京高考)Therearestillmanyproblems________beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.A.solvingB.solvedC.beingsolvedD.tobesolved解析:选D 考查非谓语动词。句意:在我们准备长时间待在月球上之前仍旧有很多问题需要解决。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作定语。又根据语境可知此处表示没有发生的事,应用不定式形式,同时solve和problems之间为动宾关系,因此用不定式的被动式,故选D项。10.Closethewindow,please.Itis________cold.A.freezeB.frozenC.freezingD.froze解析:选C freezing用作副词,freezingcold非常冷。nⅡ.完形填空Growingupisnotalwayseasy.Whenfacingdifficulties,courageandaspiritofindependencecanbemoreusefulthancryingfor__1__!That’swhatHongZhanhui’sstoryof__2__boytomanwithfamilyhardshipstellsus.Hongwasbornin1982inapoorfamilyinXihuaCounty,HenanProvince.Whenhewas__3__11,hisfatherbecamementallyillandonedaycamebackwithanabandonedbabygirl.Ayearlater,Hong’smotherandyoungerbrotherboth__4__homebecauseofpovertyandpressurefromhissickfather.Theirburdensfellontothe12yearold’sshoulders:totreathisfather’sillness,to__5__theadoptedsisterChenchen,andtogoontostudy.Hongdidn’t__6__.Sinceayoungage,hehasworkedinparttimejobstofeedhisfamily.Atthesametime,hehasstudiedatcollege.TotakecareofChenchen,heworkedhardto__7__aroomnearhiscampusforher,andsendhertoschool.AfterHong’sstorywentpublic,peoplewere__8__totearsbyhisunselfishness.Hard__9__hislifewas,Hongdidn’tabandonhisfatherandtheadopted__10__,becausetheyneededhishelp.Withhishardwonmoney,heevenaidedotherstudents__11__againstmisfortunes.Todaywhenmanytendtoworrymoreabouttheirownhappiness,Hong’sdeeds__12__usofwhatweusuallyneglect:loveandcareforothers.Withoutthese,__13__ofuscouldsurvive.Hong__14__donationsfromothers.Hesaidhefeltencouragedbykindoffers,buthecould__15__hisownwork.Shortofmoneytobuyfood,theboyclimbedtalltreestogetbirds’eggsforhisbabysister.Hewalkedtwohoursatweekendstobuydifferentthingsto__16__aroundhisschooltoearnmoney.Throughhishardlife,theboydeveloped__17__againstmisfortunethatmadehimaheroinpeople’seyes.Hong’sstoryshowsthatwithloveandwillpower,nohardshipcan__18__apersonbuthimself.Sowhenfacingdifficulties,don’t__19__aboutbadluck.Considerwhatmoreyoucoulddoforyourfamilyandsociety__20__you’llfindtheworldsmilingback.1.A.money B.foodC.clothesD.help解析:选D 一面对困难当然是哭着寻求帮助了。2.A.caringB.growingnC.movingD.turning解析:选B 由后文的toman可知这里指的是洪战辉从一个成长中的男孩到一个男子汉的经历。3.A.onlyB.alreadyC.everD.still解析:选A only说明他的年龄小,只有12岁。4.A.stayedB.wentC.soldD.left解析:选D 由下文的生活重担落在了洪战辉的肩上可知,母亲带着弟弟离开了贫穷的家。5.A.bringupB.turntoC.sticktoD.devoteto解析:选A bringup“养育,抚育”,洪战辉担起了抚养妹妹的任务。6.A.giveawayB.giveupC.runoutD.turndown解析:选B 尽管困难,但是不放弃(giveup)。7.A.buildB.rentC.buyD.paint解析:选B 为了照顾妹妹,他租了学校附近的一间房子。rent租用,租借。8.A.encouragedB.movedC.inspiredD.made解析:选B movedtotears“感动地流泪了”。9.A.asB.becauseC.unlessD.while解析:选A as“尽管”引导让步状语从句,而且倒装。10.A.brotherB.daughterC.sisterD.uncle解析:选C 由上文可知是他的养妹。11.A.strugglingB.leaningC.standingD.turning解析:选A struggleagainst“与……抗争”,帮助其他同学与misfortune抗争。12.A.leftB.rememberedC.remindedD.told解析:选C remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事。而tellsb.ofnsth.给某人讲述某事,显然是C符合语境。13.A.anyoneB.everyoneC.noneD.noone解析:选C 没有关心和爱护,任何人都不可能生存下去。noone不和of连用。14.A.threwawayB.turnedoutC.gaveoffD.turneddown解析:选D turneddown“拒绝”;threwaway“扔掉”;turnedout“结果是;生产”;gaveoff“发出”,由下文没有钱可知他拒绝了捐款。15.A.dependonB.sticktoC.refertoD.turnto解析:选A dependon依靠自己的工作。16.A.showB.eatC.sellD.share解析:选C 为了挣点钱,他周末去很远的地方买来东西,在校园里卖。17.A.achanceB.anabilityC.aspiritD.abelief解析:选B developedanabilityagainstmisfortune培养了抵抗不幸的能力。18.A.buryB.defeatC.winD.knock解析:选B 拥有爱和意志力,没有任何事情能把自己打倒。19.A.worryB.careC.complainD.joke解析:选C complainabout“抱怨”。20.A.andB.whenC.whileD.until解析:选A 祈使句加and句型,表示顺承关系。