2019_2020高中英语unit1gettingalongwithotherssectionⅳgrammar 12页

SectionⅣGrammar&WritingA卷单句语法填空1．Thelittlegirlshowednoanxietybeforethecompetition.Sheseemed____________(prepare)foritprettywell.答案：tohaveprepared2．Iamdelighted____________(invite)tothestrawberryfarm.Ireallyhadagoodtimethere.答案：tohavebeeninvited3．____________(feel)wherehewasgoing，theblindboyhadtowalkwithastick.答案：Tofeel4．—Nowadaysquiteafewpeoplechoosetodrivetheirprivatecarstoandfromwork.—Indeed.ButIthinktheyseem____________(lose)thebenefitlittlebylittlethatwalkingbringstotheirhealth.答案：tobelosing5．Shepretended____________(listen)tothemanager，butactuallyshewasthinkingaboutsomethingelse.答案：tobelistening6．Heseems____________(finish)hishomework.答案：tohavefinished7．Whatisthebestwayyoucanimagine____________(reduce)theoveruseofwaterinourschool?答案：toreduce8．Youmaygonow.Ihavenomoreletters__________(type)．答案：tobetyped9．JoeSimpsonandSimonYateswerethefirstpeople____________(climb)theWestFaceoftheSiulaGrandeintheAndesmountains.答案：toclimb10．Theinternationalscienceproject____________(accomplish)bytheendof2022nwillachievepeople’sdreamoflivingontheMars.答案：tobeaccomplished阅读理解JeffreyHall,ateacherofCommunicationsfromtheUniversityofKansas(KU),hasusedhisresearchtodefine(明确)theexactamountoftimenecessarytomakefriendswithsomeone.He’salsofoundhowlongitwilltaketodeepenarelationship.Hisnewstudyfoundthatittakesaround50hoursoftimetogethertogofrombeingsomeone’sacquaintance(泛泛之交)tocasual(感情不深的)friend.Ittakesabout90hourstogofrombeingcasualfriendstofriends,andmorethan200hoursbeforeconsideringsomeoneaclosefriendorbestfriend.Butitisn’tspendingjustanykindoftimetogetherthatdeepensafriendship—hoursspentworkingtogether,forexample,don’tcountasmuchashoursspentgettingtoknowsomeonebyhangingout,jokingaround,playingvideogames,anddoingmoreplayfulactivities.Thestudyexplainsthatthesekindsofactivitieshelpustoformadeeperconnectionwithsomeone.“Wehavetoputthat_timein，”Hallsaid.“Youcan’tmakeafriendwithoutanyeffort(努力)．”Theresultsofthestudycomefromanalysisof355responsestoanonlinesurveyfromadultswhosaidtheyhadmovedinthelastsixmonthsandwerelookingfornewfriendsintheirnewhomes.Surveyparticipants(参与者)wereaskedaboutnewrelationshipsaswellashoursspenttogetherandactivitiestheydid.Theywerethenaskedtoratetheirresultingrelationshipsaccordingtooneoffourstages：acquaintance,casualfriend,friendandclosefriend.ThemainconclusionthatHallcametoisthatmakingclosefriendstakesseriouseffort.Soifyouwanttohavesomebestfriends,youhavetoknowthatspendingtimewithsomeoneisthemostimportantthing.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，交朋友和加深友谊都需要相应的时间投入及认真的付出。1．Howlongdoesittaketoturnanacquaintanceintoafriend?A．About50hours.B．About90hours.C．About140hours.D．About200hours.C　解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的“ittakesaround50hoursoftimetogethertogofrombeingsomeone’sacquaintance(泛泛之交)tocasual(感情不深的)friend.Ittakesabout90hourstogofrombeingcasualfriendstofriends”可知，把一个泛泛之交变成真正的朋友需要大约140个小时的相处时间。n2．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thattime”inParagraph2referto?A．Timespentworkingtogether.B．Timespentfindingnewfriends.C．Timespenthelpinganewfriend.D．Timespentdoingfunthingstogether.D　解析：词义猜测题。分析第二段的内容可知，thattime指的是朋友们在一起做有趣的事情的时间。3．Whichmayhelpdeepenafriendshipaccordingtothestudy?A．Tryingtounderstandyourfriend’sfeelings.B．Enjoyingqualitytimewithyourfriend.C．Treatinganewfriendlikeacloseone.D．Beinggeneroustoyourfriend.B　解析：细节理解题。由最后一段可知，这项研究告诉我们，多花点时间与朋友一起做些有意思的事情有助于增进友谊。4．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Tosolvearelationshipproblem.B．TointroduceateacherfromKU.C．Topresentthefindingsofanewstudy.D．Todiscusstheimportanceoffriendship.C　解析：写作目的题。通读全文可知，本文报道了一项新的研究成果，即交朋友以及加深友谊都需要相应的时间投入及认真的付出。故选C。完形填空Imetamanyesterdayanddidn’tgethisname.Ourmeetingseemedtobe__1__bysomethingunknown.Hewasa(n)__2__man.Hishairwastotallywhiteandhisbackwasbent(弯曲的).Ididn’tseehimatfirst.Idecidedtosearchfortheowner__3__Ifoundaverywornandoldwoodenwalkingstick,whichwashangingoutsideofashoppingcart.Ilookedaroundand__4__outtoamanwhowaswalkingaway.I__5__itwashis.Itwas.Andhereturned__6__togetit.Ashortdistancecosthimalongtime.Iwasinafriendlymoodtostarta(n)__7__.Thatwaswhenthestorybetweenusbegan.Istoodoutsidethesupermarketwithhimfor10minutesjust__8__.Andthatwasallhewanted—tobeheardandto__9__hisstory.Istoodtherefeelinghis__10__overlosinghisfirstwifeduringchildbirthtohisonlysonandlaterhisjoysof__11__thissononhisownaswellastravelingtheworld.He__12__foundhisntrueloveandmarriedachildhoodsweetheart,hissecondwife.Heisvery__13__thathehasanintact(完整的)familynow.Attheendofourtalk,thisman__14__myhands,lookedmeintheeyeandthankedmesincerely.Andthenhe__15__andwalkedaway.Ashewalkedaway,astrongfeeling__16__me.AndIseemedtoheara__17__inmymindthattoldmehewaspeacefulnow.Strangersareneverstrangers__18__youopenyourhearttothem.Oftentheydressuplike__19__，waitingtoblessyouortobeblessed.YesterdayIwas__20__—anangeltothisman,andatthesametime,blessedbyhim.【解题导语】　本文讲述了作者在超市外偶遇一位陌生老人并倾听他的故事，陌生老人对作者心存感激，从而引发作者的一番感慨——只要敞开心扉，愿意倾听，陌生人也可以变成朋友。1．A.joinedB．arrangedC．madeD．inventedB　解析：根据语境可知，作者遇见了一位老人，但不知道他的名字，他们的相遇就像冥冥之中被安排好的一样。故答案选“arranged”。2．A.poorB．elderlyC．strongD．handsomeB　解析：根据下文“Hishairwastotallywhiteandhisbackwasbent(弯曲的)．”可知这是一位年迈的老人。故答案选“elderly”。3．A.beforeB．untilC．whenD．butC　解析：当“我”发现一根非常老旧的木制拐杖时，“我”决定去找到它的主人。故答案选“when”。4．A.wentB．calledC．brokeD．workedB　解析：作者看到一位老人就叫了他一声。故答案选“called”。5．A.decidedB．rememberedC．guessedD．suggestedC　解析：根据语境可知，作者只是猜测那根拐杖是那位老人的，结果的确是。故答案选“guessed”。6．A.carelesslyB．angrilyC．proudlyD．slowlynD　解析：根据上下文可知，他已年迈，很短的一段路都耗费他不少时间，所以是慢慢地走。故答案选“slowly”。7．A.speechB．discussionC．conversationD．argumentC　解析：根据下文可知，作者表现出乐意与这位老人交谈的样子。故答案选“conversation”。8．A.listeningB．watchingC．laughingD．speakingA　解析：根据下文的“tobeheard”等信息可知，全程“我”都是在倾听这位老人讲述自己的经历。故答案选“listening”。9．A.writeB．shareC．finishD．reportB　解析：根据上下文可知，这位老人所需要的就是被聆听和分享他的故事。故答案选“share”。10．A.worryB．painC．nervousnessD．troubleB　解析：根据下文可知，他的第一位妻子在生下唯一的儿子之后就去世了，所以他很痛苦。故答案选“pain”。11．A.bringingoutB．takingC．teachingD．bringingupD　解析：根据上下文可知，他的第一位妻子过世后，他在独自养育儿子的过程中也得到了快乐。故答案选“bringingup”。12．A.hardlyB．finallyC．frequentlyD．usuallyB　解析：根据语境可知，他最终得到了真爱。故答案选“finally”。13．A.surprisedB．confidentC．positiveD．satisfiedD　解析：根据句意可知，他现在有了一个完整的家庭，所以他感到很满足。故答案选“satisfied”。14．A.touchedB．heldC．cleanedD．coveredB　解析：根据句意可知，“我们”谈话后，那位老人握着“我”的手，看着“我”的眼睛，真诚地感谢了“我”。故答案选“held”。15．A.camebackB．turnedbacknC．stoodbackD．putbackB　解析：turnback意为“转过身”；comeback意为“回来”；standback意为“后退”；putback意为“放回，推迟”。根据句意，那位老人转身走了。故答案选“turnedback”。16．A.cameoverB．camewithC．camethroughD．cameacrossA　解析：comeover意为“突然产生(某种感觉)”；comewith意为“伴随”；comethrough意为“经过”；comeacross意为“偶然遇见”。根据句意，那位老人走后，一种强烈的感觉涌向“我”。故答案选“cameover”。17．A.noiseB．voiceC．songD．storyB　解析：根据语境可知，“我”似乎听到有个声音告诉我，那位老人分享完他的故事后，他的内心得到了安宁。故答案选“voice”。18．A.ifB．unlessC．beforeD．thoughA　解析：根据语境可知，如果“我们”能敞开心扉，陌生人也能成为朋友。故答案选“if”。19．A.strangersB．angelsC．friendsD．enemiesB　解析：根据下文中的“YesterdayIwas...anangeltothisman”可知答案选“angels”。20．A.neitherB．eitherC．bothD．allC　解析：根据上下文可知，昨天“我”既是这位老人的天使，同时，也得到了这位老人的祝福。故答案选“both”。B卷阅读理解AEveryday,youngpeopleacrosstheglobearedoingtheirparttokeeptheEarthhealthyandgreen.Thesearejustafewkidheroesfortheplanet.ManateeMinderWhenshewasinsecondgrade,StephanieCohenreadaboutababymanateehitbyaboatoffthecoastofFlorida.Marinebiologistssavedthemanatee.Butcaringforntheseacreaturewascostly,Stephanietookupacollectionandraised$27inoneday.Now18,Stephaniestillraisesmoneytohelpthese“gentlegiants”．Shesellsmanateedecorations,candlesandcardsonherwebsitekmad.org.ColorUsGreen!AtClarendonElementarySchool,inSecaucus,NewJersey,thestudentsknowwhattodowithold,usedandbrokencrayons.Recyclethem!TheycollectthecrayonsandsendthemtoCrazyCrayons,wheretheyaremadeintodifferentshapesandsizes.Inthepasteightyears,NewJerseystudentshaverecyclednearlyninetonsofcrayons.Goodbye，PaperBags!WhenAdrienneBoukis,15,wasinsixthgrade,inWalnutCreek,California,shenoticedthatmanyofherclassmatescarriedpaperlunchbags.Tohelpkidscutdownonwaste,sheinventedareusablelunchbag,whichispartiallymadefromrecycledplasticbottles.Shesellsthebagsatgreengearbag.comandsomeoftheproceedsgotocharitythatisinneedofmoney.He’sSkiingtoSavetheEarthParkerLiautaud，15，wantedtoraiseawareness(意识)abouttheeffectsofclimatechangeonthepolarregions.HesetouttobecomeoneoftheyoungestpeopleevertoskitotheNorthPole.Parkerfeelshehasmethisgoaltoinspireothers.“Allyoungpeoplehavethepowertomakeachange，”hesaidinaninterview.【解题导语】　每天，全球的年轻人都在为地球的健康贡献着自己的一份力量。本文主要介绍了几个年轻人是怎样保护地球的。1．Whatdothekidheroeshaveincommon?A．Theyareallhighschoolstudents.B．Theyallinvolvethemselvesingreenactivities.C．Theyallraisemoneyforgreenactivities.D．Theyareallfrompoorfamilies.B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知文中提到的孩子都在环保上做出了贡献。2．Accordingtothepassage,kmad.org________．A．providessomegoodssoldonlineB．wasdesignedbyAdrienneBoukisC．focusesontheprotectionofseacreaturesD．inspireskidstoraisemoneyforthemanateeA　解析：细节理解题。根据ManateeMinder中的末句可知答案。3．Theunderlinedword“proceeds”inthepassageprobablymeans________．nA．moneyB．bagsC．goodsD．giftsA　解析：词义猜测题。根据“Shesellsthebags...”可知艾德丽安·布克斯把卖包得来的部分钱捐给了慈善组织。4．InParker’sopinion,everykid________．A．shouldtraveltotheNorthPoleB．cansucceedatanearlyageC．shouldsetagreatgoalD．canmakeadifferenceD　解析：推理判断题。根据文章末句“Allyoungpeoplehavethepowertomakeachange...”可知每个孩子都能为环保做出贡献。BYoutrytoenjoyyourdinnerinagarden,butseveralmosquitoesflyaroundyouallthetime.Aminutelater,youhavearedbiteonyourleg.Asyoumadlywaveyourhands,tryingtogetridofthesepests,younoticethatothersseemcompletelyundisturbed.Coulditbethatmosquitoesprefertobitesomepeopleoverothers?Theshortanswerisyes.Theexpertshaveprovedthatmosquitoesdoshowbloodpreferences.Buttheyarenotbitingfordinner.Femalemosquitoes(malesdonotbitepeople)needhumanbloodtodevelopeggs.Obviously,notjustanyone’sbloodwilldo.Peoplewithahighlevelofsteroids(类固醇)orcholesterol(胆固醇)ontheirskinsurfaceattractmosquitoes.“Thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeanthatmosquitoespreyonpeoplewithhigheroveralllevelsofcholesterol，”Butlerexplains.Thesepeoplesimplymaybemoreefficientatprocessingcholesterol,andthebyproductsofthatremainingontheskin’ssurfaceareattractivetomosquitoes.“Mosquitoesalsotargetpeoplewhoproducelargeamountsofcertainacids，”explainsJohnEdman,phD,spokesmanfortheEntomologicalSocietyofAmerica.Theseacidscantriggermosquitoes’senseofsmell,attractingthemtolandonunsuspectingvictims.Mosquitoescansmelltheirdinnerfromanimpressivedistanceofupto50meters.Thisisn’tgoodnewsforpeoplewhogiveofflargequantitiesofcarbondioxide.Anytypeofcarbondioxideisattractive.Andlargerpeopletendtogiveoffmorecarbondioxide,whichiswhymosquitoestypicallypreferadultstosmallchildren.Pregnant(怀孕的)womenareatincreasedrisk,astheyproduceagreaterthannormalamountofcarbondioxide.nMovementandheatalsoattractmosquitoes.Therefore,ifyouwanttoavoidamosquitobiteatyournextoutdoordinner,findabenchratherthanaspotonthevolleyballteam.Here’swhy:asyourunaroundthevolleyballcourt,mosquitoessenseyourmovementandheadtowardyou.What’smore,theheatfromyoursweatingbodydrawsthemcloser.【解题导语】　本文介绍了蚊子喜欢叮咬的人群的特点。5．Accordingtothepassage,whydothefemalemosquitoesbitepeople?A．Becausetheyfeedonhumanblood.B．Becausetheylikethetasteofhumanblood.C．Becausetheywanttoproducethenextgeneration.D．Becausetheydon’tlikethesmellofpeople.C　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段倒数第二句Femalemosquitoes(malesdonotbitepeople)needhumanbloodtodevelopeggs.可知母蚊子需要人血来培养下一代。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“trigger”inParagraph3mean?A．Makesomethingtobeworse.B．Causesomethingtobeactive.C．Causedamagetosomething.D．Getbacktheuseofsomething.B　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的attractingthemtolandonunsuspectingvictims可推出，画线词意为“触发，激发”。7．Accordingtothepassage,whoismorelikelytoattractmosquitoes?A．Aboysleepingonthecouch.B．AmanwithtypeAblood.C．Agirlwithnormallevelsofsteroids.D．Awomanwhoisgoingtogivebirthtoababy.D　解析：细节理解题。根据文章大意及第四段最后一句Pregnant(怀孕的)womenareatincreasedrisk,astheyproduceagreaterthannormalamountofcarbondioxide.可知，孕妇更有可能吸引蚊子。8．Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage?A．Toteachsomewaystoavoidmosquitoes’bites.B．Towarnpeoplenottohavedinneroutside.C．Tointroducewhatkindofpeoplemosquitoeslikebest.D．Toexplainwhythesmellofcarbondioxideattractsmosquitoes.C　解析：写作意图题。根据文章大意可知，本文主要介绍哪些人更吸引蚊子。nCPeopleseemtohaveanaturalneedforfriendsandwithgoodreason.Friendsincreaseyourenjoymentoflifeandrelievefeelingsofloneliness.Theyevencanhelpreducestressandimproveyourhealth.Havinggoodfriendsisespeciallyhelpfulwhenyouaregoingthroughanykindofhardtimesuchaswhenyouareexperiencinganxiety，panicattacks，ordepression.Whenyouarewithgoodfriendsyoufeelgoodaboutyourself，andyouaregladtobewiththem.Afriendissomeonewho·youlike，respect，andtrust，andwholikes，respectsandtrustsyou·doesn’talwaysunderstandyou，butacceptsandlikesyouasyouare，evenasyougrowandchange·allowsyouthespacetochange，grow，makedecisions，andevenmakemistakes·listenstoyouandshareswithyouboththegoodtimesandthebadtimes·respectsyourneedforsecrets，soyoucantellthemanything·letsyoufreelyexpressyourfeelingsandemotionswithoutjudging，teasing，orcriticizingyou·acceptsthelimitationsyouhaveputonyourselfandhelpsyoutoremovethemApersononcesaid，“Friendshipisacontinuingsourceofbonding(连接)，releasing，andcreatinginyourselfandwiththeotherperson.Thereisanemotionalbondbetweenthetwopeople.”Agoodfriendorsupportermayormaynotbethesameageorthesamesexasyou，andmaynothavethesameeducational，cultural，orreligiousbackground，orshareintereststhataresimilartoyours.Friendshipsalsohavedifferentdepths.Someareclosertotheheartandsomemoresuperficial，butthey’reallusefulandgood.9．WhichofthefollowingisNOTafunctionofafriend?A．Hebringsyousomehappiness.B．Hehelpsyoufeellesslonely.C．Hehelpsyougetoverthedifficulties.D．Hehelpsyoucheatontheexam.D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Friendsincreaseyourenjoymentoflifeandrelievefeelingsofloneliness.Theyevencanhelpreducestressandimproveyourhealth.Havinggoodfriendsisespeciallyhelpfulwhenyouaregoingthroughanykindofhardtimesuchaswhenyouareexperiencinganxiety，panicattacks，orndepression.可知，朋友可以增加生活的乐趣，减少孤独，减轻压力，改善健康状况，度过困难的时光，而没有提到D项。10．Theunderlinedword“superficial”inthelastparagraphmeans“________”．A．deepB.hardC．shallowD.closeC　解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的Friendshipsalsohavedifferentdepths.Someareclosertotheheartandsomemoresuperficial，butthey’reallusefulandgood.可知，友谊有不同的深度，有些会贴近内心，有些会很浅，但他们都是有用的都是好的，故选C项。11．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．AFriendinNeedIsaFriendIndeedB．WhatKindofPersonaFriendShouldBeC．ToBeaGoodFriendD．HowtoGetonwithYourFriendB　解析：标题归纳题。文章在讲好朋友在生活中所起的作用，友谊是两个人之间的情感桥梁，不分种族，不分性别和宗教，故B项更符合文意。书面表达假如你是李华，请就本校食堂服务(canteenservice)的状况给校长写一封信。内容包括：优点不足建议食堂干净价格偏高……饭菜可口种类偏少服务态度好等候时间较长注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头语和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。DearMr.Principal，Iamaseniorstudentofourschool.I’dliketosaysomethingaboutthecanteenserviceinourschool.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________nSincerelyyours，LiHuaOnepossibleversion：Dear_Mr.Principal，I_am_a_senior_student_of_our_school.I’d_like_to_say_something_about_the_canteen_service_in_our_school.Ingeneral,theserviceissatisfactory.Thehalliscleanandtidy.Thedisheslookinvitingandtastedeliciousaswell.What’smore,theworkerstheretreatusastheirfriends,whichmakesusfeelveryhappy.However,wefeelthepriceofthemealsisalittletoohigh.Besides,wecanonlyhavealimitedvarietyofdisheswithlittlechangeeveryweek.Inaddition,weoftenhavetostandinlineforalongtimebeforewecangetthemeal.Youcouldunderstandhowprecioustimeistousstudents.Formyselfsuggestionboxaimedatgettingmoreproperadvicefromthestudentsshouldbesetupsoastoimprovethequalityofthecanteenservice.Thanksforyourconsideration.Sincerely_yours，Li_Hua