2019年高中英语unit5firstaidsectionⅲgrammar_省略教案（含解析）新人教版 10页

SectionⅢGrammar—省略语法图解探究发现1．(You)Comein,please!2．Johnisalawyer,andhiswife(is)acleaner.3.a．Firstdegreeburnsturnwhitewhen(theyare)pressed.b．Ifburnsareonarmsorlegs,keepthemhigherthantheheart,if(itis)possible.4.a．Heistheman(who/whom/that)youcandependon.b．ThereisnodoubtthatJohn’squickthinkingandthefirstaidskills(that/which)helearnedatschoolsavedMsSlade’slife.5．Theboywantedtoplayfootballinthestreet,buthismotherdidnotallowhimto(playfootballinthestreet)．6.Itshows(that)aknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakearealdifference.[我的发现](1)例句1为简单句中的省略。(2)例句2为并列句中的省略。(3)第1组例句为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语指的是同一人或物，且由人称代词的主格担当，或当状语从句的主语为it，而且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词一起省略。(4)第2组例句为关系代词的省略。当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。(5)例句5为不定式的省略。有时可用不定式符号“to”来替代上文中出现的不定式。(6)例句6体现的是当及物动词之后跟由连接词that引导的宾语从句时，that可以省略。为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种n语法现象在英语中叫省略。在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：一、简单句中的省略1．省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。(You)Shutup!住嘴！(You)Wantahand?需要帮忙吗？(I)Begyourpardon.请再说一遍。(It)Doesn’tmatter.没关系。2．省略宾语：当上、下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常省略宾语。—DoyouknowMissGao?—Idon’tknow(her)．——你认识高女士吗？——不认识。3．省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。(Youcome)Thisway,please.请这边走。(省略了主语和谓语)(Haveyou)Gotanyink?你有墨水吗？(省略了主语和谓语的一部分)[即时演练1]　补全下列省略句①Haveaseat,please!You_have_a_seat,_please!②Lookslikerain.It_looks_like_rain.③Let’sdothedishes.I’llwashandyoudry.Let’s_do_the_dishes._I’ll_wash_and_you_dry_them/the_dishes.④Gotanyideaabouttheplan?Have_you_got_any_idea_about_the_plan?n二、并列句中的省略在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。1．省略共同的主语或宾语。Tompickedupabookonthefloorand(Tom)handedittohisteacher.汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了老师。2．若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。3．若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。4．若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。Hehasaknowledgeoffirstaidbuthisfrienddoesn’t(haveaknowledgeoffirstaid)．他具备急救知识，但他朋友不具备。[即时演练2]　写出下列句中可以省略的部分①SomeofusstudyJapanese,andothersstudyEnglish.others后的study②Hegaveupdrinkingseveralmonths,buthereturnedtohisoldwaylater.he③Myfrienddidn’tcometoschool,butIwonderwhyhe/shedidn’tcometoschool.he/she_didn’t_come_to_school三、复合句中的省略1．状语从句的省略(1)在when,while,if,asif,though,although,as,until,once,whether,unless,whenever等连接的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。Woodgivesoffmuchsmokewhile(itis)burning.木头燃烧时产生很多烟。Whenever(itis)possible,theywouldstophimandaskhimthethreequestions.只要有可能，他们就让他停下并问他这三个问题。WillyoubefreethisSunday?If(itis)so,let’sgocamping.这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。[名师点津]　省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成n被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。When(itis)heated,icecanbeturnedintowater.加热的时候冰可以变成水。(2)在than,as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。Theydon’tusemorewaterthan(itis)necessary.他们使用的水没有超出需要量。HerunsasfastasBob(runs)．他和鲍勃跑得一样快。[名师点津]　并非所有的状语从句都可以省略主语和be动词，由after,before,because等词引导的状语从句一般要改写成介词短语等，用动名词代替be动词。Becausehewasill,hedidn’tattendthemeeting.→Becauseofbeingill,hedidn’tattendthemeeting.(正)→Beingill,hedidn’tattendthemeeting.(正)→Becauseill,hedidn’tattendthemeeting.(误)由于生病了，他没有出席会议。[即时演练3](1)用所给词的适当形式填空①Whensurfing(surf)theInternet,Idownloadedthefilm.②(2015·湖南高考改编)Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceifleft(leave)inthewronghands.③Heshookhisheadasifto_say(say)“no”．(2)把下列句子改为省略句①Ifitisso,Ihopeyouwillhaveawonderfultime.→If_so,_Ihopeyouwillhaveawonderfultime.②ThewintersinHangzhouarenotsomildastheyareinGuangzhou.→ThewintersinHangzhouarenotsomildas_in_Guangzhou.2．定语从句的省略(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom,which,that可省略(但whom,which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。Theexactyear(which/that)AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.安哥拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是2008年。(2)修饰way的关系词that/inwhich可以省略。nThewayhespeakstousisreallyannoying.他对我们讲话的方式真是让人讨厌。[即时演练4]　写出下列句中可以省略的部分①(2014·江西高考改编)Amongthemanydangerswhichsailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.which②(2014·陕西高考改编)Pleasesendusalltheinformationthatyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.that3．宾语从句的省略(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。Itrulybelieve(that)beautycomesfromwithin.(2015·北京高考单选)我真的相信美丽来自内心。Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。(2)when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。IknowthatamoviestarwillcometoourcitybutIdon’tknowwhen(hewillcometoourcity)．我知道一个电影明星将要来我们市，但我不知道他什么时候来。[即时演练5]　写出下列句中可以省略的部分①Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfeltthathecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.that②Shedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.Idon’tknowwhyshedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.she_didn’t_go_to_school_yesterday四、其他的省略情况1．动词不定式的省略(1)当不定式在形容词afraid,anxious,eager,glad,happy,ready,willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。Youcan’tforcehimtoanswerthequestionifhe’snotreadyto(answerthequestion)．如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。(2)某些使役动词，如：make,let,have等和感官动词，如：see,watch,notice,observe,hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。WeoftenhearhersinganEnglishsongintheclassroom.nSheisoftenheardtosinganEnglishsongintheclassroom.(被动语态)我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。(3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。Helikestoswimmorethan(to)skate.比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。Hebelievesitimportanttostudyratherthantomakefriends.(比较)他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。(4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有agree,afford,expect,forget,hope,know,manage,pretend,remember,refuse,want,wish,wouldlike等。Iwoulddoitforyou,butIdon’tknowhowto(doitforyou)．我愿意为你做这件事，但是我不知怎么去做。(5)介词but,except(除了)前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。Allhecoulddowasnothingbutwaitandsee.他所能做的只有等着瞧。(6)当不定式在begoingto,beableto,haveto,oughtto,usedto后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。Theydidn’tvisittheirparentsasmuchastheyoughtto(visittheirparents)．他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。[名师点津]　①省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形的have或be。②类似这样用法的还有动词短语oughtto,begoingto,beaboutto,besupposedto,haveto,usedto及形容词glad,happy,pleased,delighted等。Hedidn’tcome,butheoughttohave.他没来，但他应该来。—Areyouafarmer?—No,butIusedtobe(afarmer)．——你是个农民吗？——不是，但我过去是。[即时演练6]　按要求做题①Thereweresomanycarsheldupbytheheavyrainontheroadthatwehadnoalternativebuttowait.n②Wecandonothingbuttogiveup.③Hewasnoticedtoleavetheoffice.④Thecitynowismuchnoisierthanitusedtobe.⑤Mymotherwouldn’tletmetogotoseethefilm.(1)以上句子中，加黑部分应省略的是：②⑤(2)不能省略的是：①③④2．使用so,not等时的省略在英语中，可以用so,not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。—Canyoufinishyourworktoday?——你今天能完成工作吗？—Ithinkso.——我认为能。—Idon’tthinkso./Ithinknot.——我认为不能。[名师点津]　hope,guess,beafraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not...so的形式。—Theboysarenotdoingagoodjobatall,arethey?—Iguessnot.——男孩子们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？——我猜是没做好。[即时演练7]　补全句子①—Ishefeelingbettertoday?—I’m_afraid_not(恐怕没有好转)．②—Tomwasinjured,orhewouldhavewontherace.—I_think_so(我认为如此)．3．介词的省略(1)一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有：①havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.②bebusy(in)doingsth.③spendsometime(in)doingsth.④stop/preventsb.(from)doingsth.Theheavyrainpreventedhim(from)arrivingthereontime.大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。n(2)表示时间的介词at,on和in在next,last,this,these,yesterday,tomorrow,one,any,every,each,some等词之前时，一般省略。Wegotoschool(on)everydayexceptSundays.除星期天外，我们每天都上学。[即时演练8]　补全下列句中省略的介词①Itwasquitelightand(at)anymomentnowthesunwouldrise.②Therewereplentyofemptyseats(on)thatnight.③Ihavesometrouble(in)learningEnglish.Ⅰ.将下列句子中省略的部分补全1．Hewasdeterminedtocarryouttheplan,whateverthecost.He_was_determined_to_carry_out_the_plan,_whatever_the_cost_was.2．Hesaidthemeetingwasveryimportantandthatweallshouldattendit.He_said_that_the_meeting_was_very_important_and_that_we_all_should_attend_it.3．Ifnotwellorganized,themeetingwillbeafailure.If_it_is_not_well_organized,_the_meeting_will_be_a_failure.4．Onlyoneofuswasinjured,andhejustslightly.Only_one_of_us_was_injured,_and_he_was_injured_just_slightly.5．Youcandoitifyoumeanto.You_can_do_it_if_you_mean_to_do_it.6．Idon’tlikethewayshetreatedherstudents.I_don’t_like_the_way_that/in_which_she_treated_her_students.7．Getupearlytomorrow.Ifnot,youwillmissthefirstbus.Get_up_early_tomorrow._If_you_don’t_get_up_early_tomorrow,_you_will_miss_the_first_bus.8．Ishallstartthisweekandreturnnextweek.I_shall_start_in_this_week_and_return_next_week.9．WhileinBeijing,IpaidavisittotheSummerPalace.While_I_was_in_Beijing,_I_paid_a_visit_to_the_Summer_Palace.10．—Doyouthinkourteamwillwin?—Ithinkso.—Do_you_think_our_team_will_win?—I_think_our_team_will_win.n11．—Hehasn’tfinishedityet.—Well,heoughttohave.—He_hasn’t_finished_it_yet.—Well,_he_ought_to_have_finished_it.12．—IlistentoEnglisheverydayovertheradio.—Soundsinteresting.—I_listen_to_English_every_day_over_the_radio.—It_sounds_interesting.13．Thechildwantedtogoswimming,buthermothertoldhernotto.The_child_wanted_to_go_swimming,_but_her_mother_told_her_not_to_go_swimming.14．Wespentalargesumofmoneybuildingthehouse.We_spent_a_large_sum_of_money_in_building_the_house.15．Hegavethesameanswerasbefore.He_gave_the_same_answer_as_he_had_given_before.Ⅱ.将下列句子改写成省略句1．Theburnthatshegotfromtheironwasredanditwasverypainful.→Theburnshe_got_from_the_ironwasredandvery_painful.2．Justtakeashortbreakifyouaretired.→Justtakeashortbreakif_tired.3．Onlysomeofthestudentshavedoneafirstaidcoursebutmostofthestudentshaven’tdoneafirstaidcourse.→Onlysomeofthestudentshavedoneafirstaidcoursebutmost_haven’t.4．Johnwillgoabroadtotravelbuthisbrotherwillnotgoabroadtotravel.→Johnwillgoabroadtotravelbuthis_brother_will_not.5．Shestoodatthegateasifshewaswaitingforsomeone.→Shestoodatthegateas_if_waiting_for_someone.Ⅲ.语法填空Nowadaysthepeopleareenjoyingamorecomfortablelifeandmanypeoplearesufferingfromobesity(肥胖).Thus,__1__(lose)weightbecomesverypopular.__2__，weightreducingisatricky(难处理的)topic.Somepeopleloseweightquicklybycrashdieting__3__otherextrememeasures.Thiswon’thelpthemloseweightsincetheyusuallygainbackall(andoftenmore)ofthepoundstheylostnbecausetheyhaven’t__4__(permanent)changedtheirhabits.What’sworse,sometimestheseextrememeasureswill__5__(effect)theindividual’shealth.__6__myview,beforeonedecidestoloseweight,hefirstofallshouldmake__7__clearwhetherheshouldornotloseweight.Thebestwaytofindoutifyouareatahealthyweightorifyouneedtoloseorgainweightistotalkto__8__doctor.Heorshecancompareyourweightwithhealthynorms(标准)__9__(help)yousetrealisticgoals.Ifitturnsoutthatyouwouldbenefitfromweightlossthenyoucanfollowafewofthesimplesuggestions__10__arewidelyacceptedbyweightreducingexpertstogetitstarted.答案：1.losing　2.However　3.or　4.permanently　5．affect　6.In　7.it　8.a　9.tohelp　10.which/that