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安徽省合肥市2019届高三英语下学期第二次教学质量检测试题

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合肥市2019年高三第二次教学质量检测英语试题(考试时间:120分钟满分:150分)试卷采用闭卷、笔试形式。试卷由四个部分组成。其中,第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。试卷满分150分。考试时间120分钟。考试结束后将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座位号、准考证号、县区和科类填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。3.回答非选择题时,必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置,写在本试卷上无效。如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howlonghasthewomanbeenkeptinthehouse?A.Twodays.B.Threedays.C.Fivedays.【答案】B【解析】【详解】此题为听力题,解析略。2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aliveconcert.B.Arightchoice.C.Abusinessnreport.【答案】A【解析】【详解】此题为听力题,解析略。3.Whatdoesthewomansuggest?A.Writingmoreessays.B.ExperiencingChineseculture.C.BorrowingsomeChinesebooks.【答案】C【解析】【详解】此题为听力题,解析略。4.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Sheasksthemantobuyanewbike.B.Shecan’taffordtohelptheman.C.Shedoesn’tbelievetheman.【答案】C【解析】【详解】此题为听力题,解析略。5.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atahotel.B.Inaballroom.C.Inameetingroom.【答案】A【解析】【详解】此题为听力题,解析略。第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。n听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。6.WhatdoesJessicaplantodoatfirst?A.Haveapicnic.B.Takeafamilytrip.C.Takeherkidstoapark.7.WhymayJessica’splanberuined?A.Herhusbandhastoworkduringtheholiday.B.Shehastogoonbusinesswithherboss.C.Herkidsaregoingtoseetheirtutors.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】此题为听力题,解析略。【6题详解】此题为听力题,解析略。【7题详解】此题为听力题,解析略。听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。8.Whattimeisitnow?A.10:15.B.10:30.C.10:45.9.Whatisthewoman?A.Abookingclerk.B.Atourguide.C.Atravelagent.【答案】8.B9.A【解析】此题为听力题,解析略。【8题详解】此题为听力题,解析略。【9题详解】此题为听力题,解析略。n听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。10.Whydoesthewomanlikethissoapopera?A.Ithasagoodstory.B.Itsactorisbrilliant.C.Itownsanimpressivecast.11.Whatkindofprogrammedoesthemanwanttowatchnow?A.Talentshow.B.Soapopera.C.Sports.12.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Havedinner.B.Switchchannels.C.Fixtheremotecontrol.【答案】10.B11.C12.B【解析】此题为听力题,解析略。【10题详解】此题为听力题,解析略。【11题详解】此题为听力题,解析略。【12题详解】此题为听力题,解析略。听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。13.WhatdoesLucaswanttobeaftergraduation?A.Amanager.B.Adoctor.C.Alawyer.14.WhatdoesMarythinkisthemostimportantforsuccess?A.Planninginadvance.B.Havingakeeninterest.C.Settingpracticalgoals.15.HowdidMaryrespondtoherfather’swish?A.Bylisteningtoherfather.nB.Byfollowingherownheart.C.Byarguingwithherfather.16.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Schoolfriends.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Teacherandstudent.【答案】13.C14.A15.B16.A【解析】此题为听力题,解析略。【13题详解】此题为听力题,解析略。【14题详解】此题为听力题,解析略。【15题详解】此题为听力题,解析略。【16题详解】此题为听力题,解析略。听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。17.Howmanylanguagesarelikelytodisappear?A.About400.B.Over3000.C.Almost2000.18.WhatdoesWikitonguesdotohelpsavealanguage?A.Runlanguageprojects.B.Producelanguagetools.C.Collectlanguagevideos.19.Whatmayaffectpartsofacommunity’sculture?A.Thedisappearanceofitslanguage.B.Themembersfromothercultures.C.Themixofdifferentlanguages.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?nA.Awebsitetopromotelanguageandculture.B.Avideoprogramtoteachlanguages.C.Anorganizationtoprotectlanguages【答案】17.B18.C19.A20.C【解析】此题为听力题,解析略。【17题详解】此题为听力题,解析略。【18题详解】此题为听力题,解析略。【19题详解】此题为听力题,解析略。【20题详解】此题为听力题,解析略。第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AYoumighthaveheardalotaboutancienttownsandancientcitiesinChina.Here,welistseveralofthemostbeautifulancientvillagesinChina.BaoshanStoneCity,YunnanProvinceBaoshanStoneCitywasbuiltonahugemushroom-shapedrock,andonlyhasaboutonehundredhouses.Thehousesarelaidoutinanorderlyway,builtontherock,andlinkedbystonesteps.TheNaxipeopletherestillleadanoriginallifeandgrowcropsinterraces(梯田);youcanexperiencethecolorfulcultureoftheNaxiethnic(民族的)groupthere.TuvasVillageinKanas,XinjiangKanasTuvasVillageisnearthemysteriousLakeKanas.Thesmallvillageislocatedinavalley,andonlyhasabout80houses.TheseSwiss-stylewoodenhousesareallnsurroundedbywoodenfences.Tuvasisanancientminoritygroup.Theytraditionallylivedashunter-gathers.Youcanvisitalocalfamily,goherding(放牧)withthelocalsandexperiencethepeacefulancientvillagelife.JiajuTibetanVillage,Danba,SichuanProvinceJiajuTibetanVillageisknownasthe“Tibetanfairyland”.Itstandsonamountainslope,andconsistsofabout140houses.Theseuniquehousesareallbuiltwithcrown-shapedroofs,redeaves,andwhitewalls,whichmakethehouseslooklikelittlecastlesamongtheforest.XijiangMiaoVillage,GuizhouProvinceIfyoureinterestedintheMiaoMinority,XijiangMiaoVillagecanbeagreatdestinationfordeepeningyourunderstandingofMiaohistoryandculture.It’sthelargestMiaovillageinChina,andnowhas1432householdswithapopulationofover5000,ofwhich99.5%areMiaoethnicgroup.It’salsofamousforthehousesbuiltonstilts(支柱)ofdifferentheights.21.WhatcanyoudoinKanasTuvasVillage?A.Hikeinterraces.B.Seehousesofaforeignstyle.C.Gohuntingwiththelocals.D.Learnabouthousesbuiltonstilts.22.Wherecanyouadmirethehouseslikecastles?A.InBaoshanStoneCity.B.InKanasTuvasVillage.C.InJiajuTibetanVillage.D.InXijiangMiaoVillage.23.Whatcanweinferaboutthevillagesmentionedinthetext?A.Theyremainedsecrettotheoutsideworldinthepast.B.Theywereoriginallybuilttodefendtheirhomeland.C.Theyarestillcutoffanddifficulttoaccessnowadays.D.Theyaretheethnicvillageswithuniquearchitecture.【答案】21.B22.C23.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了中国几个最美丽的古村落。n【21题详解】细节理解题。由TuvasVillageinKanas,Xinjiang中的“TheseSwiss-stylewoodenhousesareallsurroundedbywoodenfences”可知,这些瑞士风格的木屋都被木栅栏环绕着。所以在inKanasTuvasVillage,你能够看到外国风格的房子。故B选项正确。【22题详解】细节理解题。由JiajuTibetanVillage,Danba,SichuanProvince中的“Theseuniquehousesareallbuiltwithcrown-shapedroofs,redeaves,andwhitewalls,whichmakethehouseslooklikelittlecastlesamongtheforest”可知,这些独特的房子都是用皇冠形的屋顶、红色的屋檐和白色的墙壁建造而成的,使房子看起来像森林中的小城堡。所以在InJiajuTibetanVillage你可以欣赏到像城堡一样的房子。故C选项正确。【23题详解】推理判断题。由BaoshanStoneCity,YunnanProvince中的BaoshanStoneCitywasbuiltonahugemushroom-shapedrock,andonlyhasaboutonehundredhouses.youcanexperiencethecolorfulcultureoftheNaxiethnic(民族的)groupthere.宝山石城建在一块巨大的蘑菇形岩石上,只有大约一百间房子。你可以在那里体验纳西族丰富多彩的文化。TuvasVillageinKanas,Xinjiang中的“TheseSwiss-stylewoodenhousesareallsurroundedbywoodenfences.Tuvasisanancientminoritygroup.”这些瑞士风格的木屋都被木栅栏环绕着。图瓦斯是一个古老的少数民族。JiajuTibetanVillage,Danba,SichuanProvince中“JiajuTibetanVillageisknownasthe“Tibetanfairyland”Theseuniquehousesareallbuiltwithcrown-shapedroofs,redeaves,andwhitewalls,whichmakethehouseslooklikelittlecastlesamongtheforest.”这些独特的房屋都是用皇冠状的屋顶、红色的屋檐和白色的墙壁建造而成,使房屋看起来像森林中的小城堡。XijiangMiaoVillage,GuizhouProvince中的“It’sthelargestMiaovillageinChina,andnowhas1432householdswithapopulationofover5000,ofwhich99.5%areMiaoethnicgroup.It’salsofamousforthehousesbuiltonstilts(支柱)ofdifferentheights.”它是中国最大的苗族村寨,现在有1432户人家,人口5000多人,其中苗族占99.5%。它还以不同高度的高跷房屋而闻名。综上所述,我们能从文中提到的村庄中推断出他们是有着独特建筑的民族村落。故D选项正确。BAsimpleprojecttohelpafamilyinneedstoppedLukeMickelsoninhistracks.nIn2012,heandhisfamilywereinspiredtobuildanddonateabunkbed,onebedontopoftheother,afterlearningtherewerelocalchildrenwhosleptonthefloor.Shockedtodiscoverhowwidespreadthisneedwasinhiscommunity,MickelsonfoundedSleepinHeavenlyPeace,anonprofitthatbuildsanddeliversbedstochildreninneed.BornandraisedinIdaho,Mickelson,now41,hadathrivingcareer.Hecoachedhiskids’sportsteamsandfishedinthenearbyriver.Butwhenhemetchildrenwhoweresleepingonthefloor,hispeacefullifechangedcourse.Usingsafetyguidelinesandhisdaughter’sbunkbedasamodel,Mickelsonstartedbuyingwoodandsuppliestobuildbedswithhisownmoney.Herecruitedfriendsandfamilymemberstohelparoundtheholiday.Aswordspread,interestandinvolvementfromhisandothercommunitiesflooded—alongwithMickelson’sbunkbedoutput.“Thatfirstproject,webuilt11bunkbedsinmygarage,”hesaid.“Thenextyear,wedid15.Thenitdoubledeveryyear.In2017,webuilt612bunkbeds.”Withthemotto“Nokidsleepsonthefloorinourtown”,thenonprofitanditsmorethan65brancheshavebuiltanddeliveredmorethan1,500freebedstochildrenacrossAmerica.Butalongwiththerapidgrowth,Mickelsonwasfacedwithatoughchoice:advancinghiscareerorhisnonprofit.Hechosethelatterandwentfrommaking“greatmoneytozeromoney”.He’sneverlookedback.“IfoundthattheneedIhaveisn’tfinancial,”hesaid.“TheneedIhaveisseeingthejoyonkids’faces,knowingthatIcanmakeadifference.”24.WhydidMickelsonsetupSleepinHeavenlyPeace?A.Tohelpthepoorchildren.B.Tomakeabigfortune.C.Toinspirehiscommunity.D.Togetmoredonations.25.WhatdoweknowaboutLukeMickelson?A.Hehadhisownfishfarm.B.Hechangedhiscareerfromtimetotime.C.Heusedtosleeponthefloorwhenhewasakid.D.Heoriginallyhadarelaxingandpleasantlife.26.HowdidotherpeoplereacttoMickelson’sproject?nA.Theyshowedlittleinterestinit.B.Theyweresupportiveandinvolvedinit.C.Theyweredoubtfulaboutthesafetyofthebunkbed.D.Theyvolunteeredtobuybedswiththeirownmoney.27.WhatisMickelson’sattitudetothenonprofit?A.AmbiguousB.Defensive.C.Cautious.D.Positive.【答案】24.A25.D26.B27.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了在2012年卢克·米克尔森在得知当地有孩子睡在地板上之后,为孩子们建造并捐赠了一张双层床,并且创办了“SleepinHeavenlyPeace”,这是一家为有需要的儿童建造并提供床铺的非盈利机构,这家非营利性组织现有65多个分支机构,为美国各地的儿童建造并提供了1500多张免费床位。卢克·米克尔森放弃了自己的事业,选择了继续为非营利性组织工作,他希望通过他的努力能够帮助更多的孩子,能够看到孩子脸上灿烂的笑容。【24题详解】细节理解题。由第一段“…MickelsonfoundedSleepinHeavenlyPeace,anonprofitthatbuildsanddeliversbedstochildreninneed.”可知,卢克·米克尔森于是创立了“SleepinHeavenlyPeace”,这是一家为有需要的儿童建造和提供床铺的非营利机构。所以米克尔森创立“SleepinHeavenlyPeace”的目的是帮助那些贫穷的孩子。故A选项正确。【25题详解】推理判断题。由第二段“BornandraisedinIdaho,Mickelson,now41,hadathrivingcareer.Hecoachedhiskids’sportsteamsandfishedinthenearbyriver.”可知,现年41岁的米克尔森出生于爱达荷州并在那里长大,他是儿童运动队的教练,常在附近的河里钓鱼。所以通过对他过去职业和生活状况的叙述,可以判断出他原本过着轻松而愉快的生活。故我们对卢克·米克尔森了解是他原本过着轻松而愉快的生活。故D选项正确。【26题详解】细节理解题。由第三段“Herecruitedfriendsandfamilymemberstohelparoundtheholiday.Aswordspread,interestandinvolvementfromhisandothercommunitiesnflooded”可知,他招募朋友和家人在假期期间帮忙。随着消息的不胫而走,来自本社区的和其它社区的人们如洪水般涌来。所以其他人对米克尔森的项目的反应是他们支持这个项目并参与其中。故B选项正确。【27题详解】推理判断题。由最后段“IfoundthattheneedIhaveisn’tfinancial,”hesaid.“TheneedIhaveisseeingthejoyonkids’faces,knowingthatIcanmakeadifference.”可知,我发现我所需要的不是金钱。“我所需要的是看到孩子们脸上的快乐,我知道我能有所作为。所以通过米克尔森所说的话可以判断出,米克尔森对非营利组织持乐观的态度。故D选项正确。【点睛】根据文章中人物所说的话的内容是解决推理判断题的重要方法,因为通过所说的内容,我们可以判断出,作者所要想表达的观点是积极的还是消极的,是中立的还是支持或者否定某一方,对事情是关心的还是冷漠的。是在提出建议还是在提出具体的解决措施。由最后段“IfoundthattheneedIhaveisn’tfinancial,”hesaid.“TheneedIhaveisseeingthejoyonkids’faces,knowingthatIcanmakeadifference.”可知,我发现我所需要的不是金钱。“我所需要的是看到孩子们脸上的快乐,我知道我能做到。所以通过米克尔森所说的话可以判断出,米克尔森对非营利组织持乐观的态度。故小题4的正确选项为D选项。CTrees,someofthetallestintheworld,toweredaboveHannahGriffithsandhercolleagueseachmorningastheywalkeddeepintotherainforestintheMaliauBasininBorneo,wheretheyhadsetupasetofexperimentstolookattheecologicaleffectsofsmallcreatures:termites(白蚁).Termitesgetabumrap.TheymakeheadlinesforchewingupbillionsofdollarsofpropertyeachyearintheU.S.Andtheyareresponsibleforsomethingliketwopercentofglobalcarbonemissions,simplyasaresultoftheirhugepopulationsandpreferenceforchewingthroughcarbonrichmaterials.Awholeindustryisaimingatkillingthem.Buttheyplayakeyroleinmanynaturalecosystems.Scientistshaveknownforyearsthatintropical(热带的)forests,termiteschewupfallenleavesanddeadwood,keepingthefallenmaterialundercontrolandlettingnutrientsfromthedeadnmaterialbackintothesystemtobeusedbyotherplants,insects,andanimals.Buttheydidn’tknowexactlyhowimportanttheinsectswereinkeepingtheforesthealthyandfunctional,sotheyremovedtermitesfromaparticularspotintheforestandsawhowitresponded.Asluckwouldhaveit,HannahGriffithsandhercolleaguesstartedtheirexperimentwhentheforestwashitbyanextremedrought(干旱).Duringthenon-droughtyears,theysawtherewasn’tmuchdifferencebetweenthenormalplotsandtheoneswherethey’dremovedthetermites.Butduringthedrought,theeffectsweremarked.Whattheyfoundwasunexpected:inthetermite-richareas,thesoilstayedslightlywet,moretreeseedlingssprouted(抽芽),andthesystemwasfullofactivitydespitethelong,harddryspell.ForGriffiths,itwasonlybecausetheyhappenedtostudythedroughtthattheycouldpickouttherealimportanceoftermitestothesystem,shepointsout.“Andthatringsalarmbellsinmyhead,”shesays,“becauseitmakesmethink,wellwhatelsedon’tweknow?Ifwestartdamagingbiologicalcommunities,wedon’tknowwhatthatwilldo.”28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“abumrap”underlinedinParagraph2?A.Unfairblame.B.Widepopularity.C.Publicattention.D.Specialpreference.29.Whathavescientistslearnedabouttermites?A.Theydoseriousharmtotropicalrainforests.B.Theycontributealottotheecosystemtheylivein.C.Theyactasfoodforotherplants,insectsandanimals.D.Theyspeedupthelossofnutritionintherainforest.30.WhatcanweinferfromthefindingofGriffithsexperiment?A.Termiteshelprainforestssurviveclimatechange.B.Termitespreferdroughtyearstonon-droughtones.C.Termitesbenefitmorefromtheforestduringthedrought.D.Termitesenjoyeatingtreeseedlingsduringthedrought.31.WhatdoesGriffithstellusinthelastparagraph?nA.Termitesarenowindangerofextinction.B.Termitesdamagebiologicalcommunities.C.Weshouldthinktwicebeforedamagingaspecies.D.Weshouldstudythedroughttoimprovethesystem.【答案】28.A29.B30.A31.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了白蚁在自然界的生态系统中发挥着关键作用。【28题详解】词义猜测题。由第二段“TheymakeheadlinesforchewingupbillionsofdollarsofpropertyeachyearintheU.S.Andtheyareresponsibleforsomethingliketwopercentofglobalcarbonemissions,simplyasaresultoftheirhugepopulationsandpreferenceforchewingthroughcarbonrichmaterials.”他们因为每年在美国吞噬数十亿美元的财产而成为头条新闻,他们对全球大约百分之二的碳排放负有责任,这仅仅是因为他们人口众多,而且喜欢咀嚼富含碳的材料。所以以上都在说明白蚁受到了不公正的责备。所以A选项“不公正的职责”能最好地解释第2段中划线的“abumrap”的意思。故A选项正确。【29题详解】细节理解题。由第三段“Scientistshaveknownforyearsthatintropical(热带的)forests,termiteschewupfallenleavesanddeadwood,keepingthefallenmaterialundercontrolandlettingnutrientsfromthedeadmaterialbackintothesystemtobeusedbyotherplants,insects,andanimals”可知,多年以来,科学家们已经知道,在热带雨林中,白蚁会啃食落叶和枯木,控制掉落的物质,并让枯木中的营养物质重新回到生态系统中,供其他植物、昆虫和动物食用。所以关于白蚁,科学家们了解到它们为它们所生活的生态系统做出了很大的贡献。故B选项正确。【30题详解】推理判断题。由第四段“Butduringthedrought,theeffectsweremarked.Whattheyfoundwasunexpected:inthetermite-richareas,thesoilstayedslightlywet,moretreeseedlingssprouted(抽芽),andthesystemwasfullofactivitydespitethelong,harddryspell.”可知,但在干旱期间,这些影响是很显著的。他们的发现出乎意料:在白蚁多的地区,土壤仍保持轻微的湿润,更多的树苗发芽,尽管经历了漫长而艰苦的干旱期,周围n的生态系统仍然充满活力。所以从格里菲斯实验的结果中我们能推断出白蚁帮助雨林度过气候变化。故A选项正确。【31题详解】推理判断题。由最后段“ForGriffiths,itwasonlybecausetheyhappenedtostudythedroughtthattheycouldpickouttherealimportanceoftermitestothesystem,shepointsout.“Andthatringsalarmbellsinmyhead,”shesays,“becauseitmakesmethink,wellwhatelsedon’tweknow?Ifwestartdamagingbiologicalcommunities,wedon’tknowwhatthatwilldo.可知,她指出,对格里菲斯来说,只是因为他们碰巧研究了干旱,他们才能够发现白蚁对生态系统的真正重要性。“这在我脑海中敲响了警钟,”她说,“因为它让我想,我们还不知道什么?如果我们开始破坏生物群落,我们不知道会发生什么。所以判断出格里菲斯在最后一段告诉我们,在破坏一个物种之前,我们应该三思而后行。故C选项正确。【点睛】由上下文的语境是解决词义猜测题的重要解题方法。划线词的意思往往是我们要猜测的意思。我们可以通过已知的上下文的词汇或者句子来猜测未知的意思。由第二段“TheymakeheadlinesforchewingupbillionsofdollarsofpropertyeachyearintheU.S.Andtheyareresponsibleforsomethingliketwopercentofglobalcarbonemissions,simplyasaresultoftheirhugepopulationsandpreferenceforchewingthroughcarbonrichmaterials.”他们因为每年在美国吞噬数十亿美元的财产而成为头条新闻,他们对全球大约百分之二的碳排放负有责任,这仅仅是因为他们人口众多,而且喜欢咀嚼富含碳的材料。所以以上都在说明白蚁受到了不公正的责备。所以A选项“不公正的责备”能最好地解释第2段中划线的“abumrap”的意思。故小题1的正确选项为A选项。DClassifyingthingsiscriticalforourdailylives.Forexample,wehavetodetectspammail(垃圾邮件),falsepoliticalnews.WhenweuseAI,suchtasksarebasedon“classificationtechnology”inmachinelearning—havingthecomputerlearn,usingtheboundaryseparatingpositiveandnegativedata.Forexample,“positive”datawouldbephotosincludingahappyface,and“negative”dataphotosthatincludeasadface.Onceaclassificationboundaryislearned,thecomputercandeterminewhetheracertaindataispositiveornegative.nHowever,thedifficultywiththistechnologyisthatitrequiresbothpositiveandnegativedataforthelearningprocess,andnegativedataarenotavailableinmanycases.Forinstance,whenaretailer(零售商)istryingtopredictwhowillmakeapurchase,theycaneasilyfinddataoncustomerswhohavepurchasedfromthem(positivedata),butitisbasicallyimpossibletoobtaindataoncustomerswhohaveneverpurchasedfromthem(negativedata),sincetheydonothaveaccesstotheircompetitors’data.AccordingtoleadauthorTakashiIshidafromRIKENAIP,“Previousclassificationmethodscouldnotcopewiththesituationwherenegativedatawerenotavailable,butwehavemadeitpossibleforcomputerstolearnwithonlypositivedata,aslongaswehaveaconfidencescoreforourpositivedata,constructedfrominformationsuchasbuyingintentionortheactiverateofappusers.Usingournewmethod,wecanletcomputerslearnaclassifieronlyfrompositivedataequippedwithconfidence.”AccordingtoIshida,“Thisdiscoverycouldexpandtherangeofapplicationswhereclassificationtechnologycanbeused.Eveninfieldswheremachinelearninghasbeenactivelyused,ourclassificationtechnologycouldbeusedinnewsituationswhereonlypositivedatacanbegatheredduetodataregulationorbusinessconstraints(限制).Inthenearfuture,wehopetoputourtechnologytouseinvariousresearchfields,suchasnaturallanguageprocessing,computervision,robotics,andbioinformatics.”32.Howcanthecomputerdistinguishthepositivedatafromthenegativedata?A.Bylearningtheclassificationboundary.B.Byupdatingthedatacollectedregularly.C.Byseparatinghappyfacesandsadones.D.Byintroducingclassificationtechnology.33.WhyistheexamplementionedinParagraph2?A.Toprovehowimportantthepositivedataare.B.Toconfirmthatdataoncustomersarecomplete.C.Toarguethatretailersgettheircompetitors’data.nD.Toexplainwhynegativedataarehardtoacquire.34.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“newmethod”inParagraph3referto?A.Analyzingbuyingintention.B.Buildingaconfidencescore.C.Assessingtheactiverateofappusers.D.Equippingthecomputerwithconfidence.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheHistoryofClassificationTechnologyB.SmarterAI:MachineLeaningwithoutNegativeDataC.BiggerData:ComputersAssistingLanguageProcessingD.TheComparisonbetweenPositiveDataandNegativeData【答案】32.A33.D34.B35.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。分类对我们的日常生活至关重要,计算机一旦学会了分类边界,计算机就可以确定某个数据是正的还是负的。这项技术的困难之处在于,在学习过程中,它既需要正的数据,也需要负的数据,而负的数据在很多情况下是不可用的。但是一项研究表明,在没有负数据的情况下,只要我们对正数据有一个信心评分,我们就可以让计算机只使用正数据来学习从而进行分类。【32题详解】细节理解题。由第一段“.Onceaclassificationboundaryislearned,thecomputercandeterminewhetheracertaindataispositiveornegative.”可知,一旦学习了分类边界,计算机就可以确定某项数据是正的还是负的。所以计算机通过学习分类界限区分正负数据。故A选项正确。【33题详解】推理判断题。由第二段“Forinstance,whenaretailer(零售商)istryingtopredictwhowillmakeapurchase,theycaneasilyfinddataoncustomerswhohavepurchasedfromthem(positivedata),butitisbasicallyimpossibletoobtaindataoncustomerswhohaveneverpurchasedfromthem(negativedata),sincetheydonothaveaccesstotheircompetitors’data.”可知,例如,当零售商试图预测谁将购买商品时,他们可以很容易从购买他们的商品的客户那里获得数据(正数据),但基本上不可能从未从他们那里n购买过的商品的客户那里获得数据(负数据),因为他们无法访问竞争对手的数据。所以为什么提到第2段中的例子是为了解释为什么很难获得负数据。故D选项正确。【34题详解】词义猜测题。由第三段“aslongaswehaveaconfidencescoreforourpositivedata,constructedfrominformationsuchasbuyingintentionortheactiverateofappusers.Usingournewmethod,wecanletcomputerslearnaclassifieronlyfrompositivedataequippedwithconfidence.”可知,只要我们对我们的正数据有一个信心评分,这个得分是由购买意向或应用程序用户的活跃率等信息构成的。使用我们的新方法,我们可以让计算机只从有信心的正数据中学习分类。第3段下划线的"newmethod"指的是Buildingaconfidencescore“建立信心评分”。故B选项正确。【35题详解】标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第三段“butwehavemadeitpossibleforcomputerstolearnwithonlypositivedata,aslongaswehaveaconfidencescoreforourpositivedata…”可知,分类对我们的日常生活至关重要,计算机一旦学会了分类边界,计算机就可以确定某个数据是正的还是负的。这项技术的困难之处在于,在学习过程中,它既需要正的数据,也需要负的数据,而负的数据在很多情况下是不可用的。但是一项研究表明,在没有负数据的情况下,只要我们对正数据有一个信心评分,我们就可以让计算机只使用正数据来学习从而进行分类。所以短文的最佳标题为“聪明的人工智能:“在没有负数据的情况下,机器也能够学习从而进行分类”。故B选项正确。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。What’sthepurposeofbuildingpatienceabilities?Inaword,happiness.Betterrelationships,moresuccess.Butindeedittakeseffortstobuildthemsuccessfully.___36___.Thus,whenthebigonescome,wewillhavedevelopedthepatienceweneedforhardtimes.Understandtheaddictivenatureofangerandimpatience.We,humanbeings,arestillconstructedwithouroldreptilian(爬行动物似的)brainthatprotectsourphysicalandemotionalsurvival.Ontheemotionalsurvivalside,wewantourwaytogetahead,toachieve,to“lookgood.”Let’sjustfaceit.___37___Sothefirststepingrowingpatienceistogetintouchwiththeaddictivequalityoftheoppositenofpatience—anger,impatience,blamingandshaming.Weallhavethem.Andwecangrowbeyondthem.Upgradeourattitudetowardsdiscomfortandpain.Painhasitspurposesandpushesustofindsolutions—wetrytochangetheotherperson,situationorthingthatwethinkiscausingourdiscomfort.Buttheproblemisthatitisnottheoutsidethingthat’sthesourceofourpain,buthowourmindisset.___38___Payattentionwhentheimpatienceorpainstarts.Mostofusdon’treallyrealizeitwhenwearefeelingeventhesmallest—butverypresent—painfulfeelings.___39___Buttoreallycareforourselves,getcuriousaboutwhat’sactuallyhappeninginthemomentinsideyou.Focusingonwhat’sactuallyhappening,youcannoticetheworryofnotwantingwhat’shappening,theresistance.___40___Whenyoufindyourselfimpatient,orangrywithyourself,youcanremindyourselfthatyouaregrowing,andthat,“Sure,thisisunderstandable;thisiswhathappenstomewhenI’mbothered.”Youcansaytoyourself,“It’strue.Idon’tlikethis;thisisuncomfortable,butIcantolerateit.”A.Practicepositiveself-talk.B.Sothesolutiontopainisaninsidejob.C.Patienceabilitiesbenefityouinmanyways.D.Learntoforgiveyourselfforbeingimpatientinhardtimes.E.Weignorethefactthatwe’reinpainandfocuscompletelyonfixingtheproblem.F.Theurgetoprotectourselvesandwhatweconsidervaluableisabsolutelyhabit-forming.G.Effectivewaysarerecommendedtotrainourselvestoworkwithlittlepainsandannoyances.【答案】36.G37.F38.B39.E40.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了培养耐心的四个步骤。【36题详解】n由下文的“Understandtheaddictivenatureofangerandimpatience.Upgradeourattitudetowardsdiscomfortandpain.Payattentionwhentheimpatienceorpainstarts.Practicepositiveself-talk.”理解愤怒和不耐烦的上瘾本质。提高我们对不适和痛苦的态度。注意什么时候开始不耐烦或痛苦。进行积极的自我对话。可推断,小题1要总说“建议用一些有效的方法来训练自己,让自己在工作中少一些痛苦和烦恼”。故G选项“建议用一些有效的方法来训练自己,让自己在工作中少一些痛苦和烦”符合句意。故G选项切题。【37题详解】由“Ontheemotionalsurvivalside,wewantourwaytogetahead,toachieve,to“lookgood.”Let’sjustfaceit.___2___Sothefirststepingrowingpatienceistogetintouchwiththeaddictivequalityoftheoppositeofpatience—anger,impatience,blamingandshaming”可知,在情感生存方面,我们希望以我们的方式取得进步,实现自己的目标,让我们“看起来很好”。让我们面对现实吧。培养耐心的第一步是接触与耐心相反的上瘾品质——愤怒、不耐烦、指责和羞辱。所以小题2要起到承上启下的作用,来说明保护我们自己和我们认为有价值的东西的免于冲动是通过习惯的养成实现的。故F选项“保护我们自己和我们认为有价值的东西的免于冲动是通过习惯的养成实现的”符合句意。故F选项切题。【38题详解】由“Buttheproblemisthatitisnottheoutsidethingthat’sthesourceofourpain,buthowourmindisset”可知,并不是外在的东西而是我们的思想是如何形成的造成了我们的痛苦,所以小题3要总结性地说明“痛苦的解决方案是一项内部工作”,故B选项“痛苦的解决方案是一项内部工作”符合句意,故B选项切题。【39题详解】由“Mostofusdon’treallyrealizeitwhenwearefeelingeventhesmallest—butverypresent—painfulfeelings”可知,当我们经历最小的,但存在的痛苦的感觉,我们中的大多数人都不会真正意识到。所以小题4承接上文。故E选项“我们忽略了我们正处于痛苦中的事实,而完全专注于解决问题”符合句意。故E选项切题。【40题详解】由“Whenyoufindyourselfimpatient,orangrywithyourself,youcanremindyourselfthatyouaregrowing,andthat,“Sure,thisisunderstandable;thisiswhathappenstomewhenI’mbothered.”Youcansaytoyourself,“It’strue.Idon’tlikethis;nthisisuncomfortable,butIcantolerateit.”可知,当你发现自己不耐烦或对自己生气时,你可以提醒自己,你正在成长,“当然,这是可以理解的;当我烦恼的时候就会这样。你可以对自己说:“这是真的。”我不喜欢这样;这很不舒服,但我能忍受”。所以本段主要在说明进行积极的自我对话,也就是小题5本段的标题所要说明的内容。故A选项“进行积极的自我对话”符合句意。故A选项正确。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iwillneverforgetonesummerinmychildhood.Whilewalkingintheattic(阁楼),Isteppedonsomethingand___41___down,withmyhandlandingonafloorboardthatpoppedupandalmosthitmeinthehead.WhenI___42___andlookedinsidetheopenspace,Icouldnotbelievemyeyes:Therewasgoldinthere!I___43___ahandfulofshininggoldcubes,antothebottomstairand___44___,”Mama.Ifoundgolduphereunderthefloor!”BackupthestairsIdashed.___45___mybrothersalmostknockedmebackdownastheyranrightbyme.WhenMamaopenedthedoorand___46___herheadm,she___47___said,“Honey,that’sinsulation(隔热材料).Nowputitallback.”Ifeltreallydisappointed.IhadthoughtImadeareal___48___.WhenI___49___insidetoputthefakegoldback,myhandtouchedwhatfeltlikeabook.Ipulleditout.Itwasoldandsmall:Bartlett’sFamiliarQuotations,whichI’dneverheardof.And___50___Iwasbored,Idecidedtoseewhatwasinsidethislittlebook.Tomy___51___,itwasabookofpassages,phrases,andproverbsandIcouldtellthatthiswasgoingtobe___52___.SoIspentquitemuchtimeonitandfound___53___inthesepages,AsIdidn’tknowhowtoexpressthingsclearly,Ioften___54___totalkaboutthem.Thisbookhelpedme___55___thatIdidn’tneedtofeelashamedor___56___,becauseotherpeoplehadsimilarexperiences.WhenIwenttocollege,Bartlett’scamewithme.Overtheyears,I’vekeptmyoriginal___57___,whichtothisdayIoften___58___.Althoughitwasa___59___ntofindthebook,itliberatedmeinaway.Ithelpedmeseemorethanmyyoungmindandheartwereabletounderstand.Thebookdiscoveredunderthosefloorboardswas,___60___,gold.41.A.slowedB.calmedC.lookedD.fell42.A.bentoverB.showedupC.laydownD.brokein43.A.stoleB.producedC.seizedD.hid44.A.yelledB.sighedC.admittedD.complained45.A.orB.soC.butD.for46.A.noddedB.stuckC.loweredD.lifted47.A.simplyB.thoughtfullyC.honestlyD.angrily48.A.differenceB.choiceC.mistakeD.discovery49.A.satB.slidC.reachedD.walked50.A.untilB.nowthatC.unlessD.sothat51.A.surpriseB.regretC.reliefD.disappointment52.A.absurdB.controversialC.boringD.interesting53.A.sympathyB.comfortC.honorD.doubt54.A.tendedB.offeredC.managedD.hesitated55.A.expectB.rememberC.realizeD.imagine56.A.embarrassedB.satisfiedC.astonishedD.tired57.A.mindB.copyC.planD.file58.A.putawayB.showoffC.refertoD.pickup59.A.dilemmaB.disasterC.pityD.coincidence60.A.sillB.indeedC.normallyD.hopefullyn【答案】41.D42.A43.C44.A45.C46.B47.A48.D49.C50.B51.A52.D53.B54.D55.C56.A57.B58.C59.D60.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者小的时候在阁楼上的地板下意外地发现了“金子”,但母亲告诉作者,作者发现的不是金子而是隔热材料。当作者把金子放回去的时候,发现了一本关于短文、短语和谚语的书。这本书让作者意识到,即使自己不知道如何把事情表达清楚,也不需要感到羞愧或尴尬。它帮助作者看到了比作者年轻的头脑和心灵所能理解的更多的东西。【41题详解】考查动词辨析。A.slowed放慢;B.calmed使平静;C.looked看;D.fell落下。句意:在阁楼上散步时,我踩到了什么东西,摔倒了。手拄在地板上,地板突然弹起,差点撞到我的头。由“withmyhandlandingonafloorboard”可知,作者手拄在地板上了,所以判断出作者是摔倒了。故D选项切题。【42题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A.bentover弯腰;B.showedup出现;C.laydown躺下;D.brokein破门而入。句意:当我弯下腰向里看时,我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛:里面有金子。由“lookedinsidetheopenspace”可知,弯下腰才能向里看,才能发现“金子”。故A选项切题。【43题详解】考查动词辨析。A.stole偷;B.produced制造;C.seized抓住;D.hid躲藏。句意:我抓起一把闪闪发光的金子,走到楼梯最下面喊道:“妈妈。我在地板下面发现了金子!”。作者发现了金子,所以要抓起金子去楼下拿给妈妈看看。故C选项切题。【44题详解】考查动词辨析。A.yelled叫喊;B.sighed叹息;C.admitted承认;D.complained抱怨。句意:我抓起一把闪闪发光的金子,走到楼梯最下面喊道:“妈妈。我在地板下面发现了金子!”。由“Mama.Ifoundgolduphereunderthefloor!”可知,妈妈。我在地板下面发现了金子!所以判断出作者在喊叫,表明作者很兴奋。故A选项切题。【45题详解】考查连词辨析。A.or或者;B.so所以;C.but但是;D.for因为。句意:我冲上楼梯,但我的兄弟们从我身边快速地跑过去,差点把我撞倒。分析句意可知,前后语意表示转折,所以but符合句意。故C选项切题。n【46题详解】考查动词辨析。A.nodded点头;B.stuck插入;C.lowered降低;D.lifted举起。句意:妈妈打开门,伸出头,她只是说:“亲爱的,那是隔热材料。妈妈打开了门,一定要伸出头与作者交谈,并且告诉作者那是隔热材料不是金子。B选项切题。【47题详解】考查副词辨析。A.simply简单地;B.thoughtfully周全地;C.honestly诚实地;D.angrily生气地。句意:妈妈打开门,伸出头,她只是说:“亲爱的,那是隔热材料。因为妈妈知道那是隔热材料,所以作者母亲很平静。所以simply符合句意。故A选项切题。【48题详解】考查名词辨析。A.difference不同;B.choice选择;C.mistake错误;D.discovery发现。句意:我原以为,我真的发现了什么。前文的found与madeadiscovery“发现”同义词。故D选项切题。【49题详解】考查动词辨析。A.sat坐;B.slid滑动;C.reached触及,够到;D.walked走。句意:当我把手伸进去想把假“金子”放回去时,这时我的手碰到了一本书一样东西。作者是从弹起的地板里拿出的“金子”,所以把手伸进去,才能送回原地。故C选项切题。【50题详解】考查了从属连词辨析。A.until直到;B.nowthat既然;C.unless除非;D.sothat以至于。句意:既然我感到无聊,我决定看看这本小书里写了什么。分析句子可知,前后句表示因果关系。故B选项切题。【51题详解】考查名词辨析。A.surprise惊讶;B.regret悔恨;C.relief减轻;D.disappointment失望。句意:令我惊讶的是,这是一本关于短文、短语和谚语的书,我敢说这本书一定会很有趣。在地板里发现一本书,而且还是一本关于短文、短语和谚语的书。所以作者很惊讶。故A选项切题。【52题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.absurd荒谬的;B.controversial有争议的;C.boring令人厌烦的;D.interesting有趣的。句意:这是一本关于短文、短语和谚语的书,我敢说这本书一定会很有趣。由下文可知,这本书对作者产生了积极的影响,作者上大学了都一直把它带在身边,所以这本书是很有趣的。故D选项切题。n【53题详解】考查名词辨析。A.sympathy同情;B.comfort安慰;C.honor荣誉;D.doubt怀疑。句意:所以我花了很多时间在这上面,在这些书页里找到了安慰。由下文“Ididn’tneedtofeelashamedorembarrassed,becauseotherpeoplehadsimilarexperiences.”可知,我不需要感到羞愧或尴尬,因为其他人也有类似的经历。所以这本书给了作者莫大的安慰。故B选项切题。【54题详解】考查动词辨析。A.tended易于;B.offered提供;C.manage应对;D.hesitated犹豫。句意:因为我不知道如何把事情表达清楚,所以我经常犹豫要不要谈论它们。因为作者不知道如何把事情表达清楚,总是感到羞愧或尴尬,所以在谈论事情的时候总是犹犹豫豫的。故D选项切题。【55题详解】考查动词辨析。A.expect期望;B.remember记得;C.realize意识到;D.imagine想象。句意:这本书帮助我意识到我不需要感到羞愧或尴尬,因为其他人也有类似的经历。读完这本书,作者突然明白了什么,所以是这本书帮助作者意识到了自己不需要感到羞愧或尴尬,因为其他人也有类似的经历。故C选项切题。【56题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.embarrassed尴尬的;B.satisfied满意的;C.astonished惊讶的;D.tired疲惫的。句意:这本书帮助我意识到我不需要感到羞愧或尴尬,因为其他人也有类似的经历。or所连接的两个词都是贬义形容词。所以embarrassed“尴尬的”符合句意。故A选项切题。【57题详解】考查名词辨析。A.mind思想;B.copy文稿;C.plan计划;D.file文件。句意:这些年来,我一直保留着我最初的那本书,直到今天我还经常查阅它。这里的copy指的是作者发现的那本书。故B选项切题。【58题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A.putaway收起;B.showoff炫耀;C.referto参考;D.pickup拾起。句意:这些年来,我一直保留着我的最初的那本书,直到今天我还经常参考查阅它。书的功能就是供人们阅读和参考。故C选项切题。【59题详解】n考查名词辨析。A.dilemma进退两难;B.disaster灾难;C.pity同情;D.coincidence巧合。句意:虽然找到这本书是个巧合,但它在某种程度上解放了我。由前文可知,作者意外发现了“金子”,碰巧发现了这本书。所以故D选项切题。【60题详解】考查副词辨析。A.still仍然;B.indeed事实上;C.normally正常地;D.hopefully有希望地。句意:在那些地板下发现的这本书的确是金子。这本书对作者产生了积极的影响,所以作者把这本书比喻成了“金子”。所以indeed用来强调这本书对自己的价值和意义。故B选项切题。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThegameofGo(围棋)isanimportantboardgamewithoriginsinChinafrommorethan4,000yearsago.InChina,Go___61___(recognize)as“handconversations”aswell,throughwhichplayerscommunicatewitheachother.___62___otherwords,they“talk”throughtheplacingofpiecesontheboard.Themetaphor(比喻)first___63___(use)byZhiDaolin,aBuddhistmasteroftheJinDynasty,reflectsthenatureofthegame.Whilescholarsofhistimeoftenlost___64___(they)inphilosophical(哲学的)debatesonlifeanduniverse,hepreferredtoplayGo___65___hebelievedwasfullofhowsandwhysoflife.MasterGoplayersoftenfeelasiftheywereplayingareal-lifegame:sometimesonecanmoveforward,whileatothertimes,onemustslowdown:sometimesonecan___66___(direct)facethechallenger,atothertimesonemusttakeanindirectapproach.AppropriateplacementofeachtinyGopieceissimilarto___67___onemightsolveadifficultproblemoflife.Thepurposeof___68___(play)Goisnotjusttowinbutalso,moreimportantly,toseek___69___(wise)throughtheprocess.Theplayersunitewitheachotherontheboard.Insteadoffightingas___70___(enemy),theycooperatetoplayagoodgame.Onethoughtlessmovecouldruintheenjoyment.【答案】61.isrecognized62.In63.used64.themselves65.which66.directlyn67.how68.playing69.wisdom70.enemies【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了中国围棋背后的精神以及它体现出了生活的哲理。【61题详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意:在中国,围棋也被认为是“手谈”,玩家通过手对弈进行交流。分析句子可知,本句为一般现在时,主语Go与谓语recognize为被动,所以用isrecognized。故填isrecognized.【62题详解】考查固定短语。句意:换句话说,他们通过在黑板上放置棋子来“交谈”。inotherwords“换句话说”为固定短语。故填In.【63题详解】考查过去分词。句意:这一隐喻最早由晋代佛教大师智道林使用,反映了围棋的本质。分析句子可知,Themetaphor(比喻)与use在逻辑上是被动关系,所以用过去分词used。故填used.【64题详解】考查代词。句意:当他那个时代的学者们常常陷入关于生命和宇宙的哲学辩论时,他更喜欢下围棋。他相信围棋充满了生活的哲理。主语与宾语表示同一个人时,宾语用反身代词。所以填themselves。故填themselves.【65题详解】考查关系代词。句意:当他那个时代的学者们常常陷入关于生命和宇宙的哲学辩论时,他更喜欢下围棋。他相信围棋里充满了生活的道理。分析句子可知,Go为先行词,在后面的定语从句作主语,所以关系代词为which。故填which.【66题详解】考查副词。句意:有时人可以直接面对挑战者,有时必须采取间接的方法来面对挑战者。directly为副词修饰动词face。故填directly.【67题详解】考查连接词。句意:一个小小的围棋棋子的恰当摆放就像一个人如何解决生活中的难题一样。to为介词后接宾语从句,根据句意可知,空处缺少表示方式的连接副词how。故填how.【68题详解】n考查动名词。句意:下围棋的目的不仅仅是为了赢,更重要的是在这个过程中寻求智慧。分析句子可知,of为介词后接动名词playing。故填playing.【69题详解】考查名词。句意:下围棋的目的不仅仅是为了赢,更重要的是在这个过程中寻求智慧。seek为及物动词后接名词wisdom作宾语。故填wisdom.【70题详解】考查名词复数。句意:他们不是以敌人的身份在博弈,而是合作下好一盘棋。enemy为可数名词,其前无任何修饰成分,所以空处应填enemy的复数enemies。故填enemies.第四部分写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)71.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。OurschoolsportsmeetingfinallycametoendlastFriday.Tiringbutcheerful,wemadeitasuccess.Icansayit’sthebestoneIhaveeverbeentakenpartin.Theopeningceremonywasafeastfortheeyes.Tobeginwith,theheadmastermakesaspeech.Thencamevariousperformance,includingsinging,dancingandkungfu.Besides,somestudentsdressedupasdolls,andthattheywantedtoshowwasconfidentandtalent.Whentheteachers’showsbegan,theaudiencewentcrazily.Asaclassphotographer,Itookpicturesofsuchmanybrilliantmoments,which,withdoubt,meantalottoallofus.【答案】to后面加上anTiring→Tired去掉beenmakes→madeperformance→performancesthat→whatnconfident→confidencecrazily→crazysuch→sowith→without【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。短文中作者叙述了上周学校运动会的主要活动。【详解】第一处:考查增加词。句意:我们学校的运动会终于在上周五结束了。cometoanend“结束”为固定短语。故to后面加上an.第二处:考查形容词。句意:虽然很累,但是我们很高兴,我们成功了。以后缀–ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人。本句说的是我们很累,所以用Tired。而以后缀-ing结尾的形容词主要用于说明事物,所以不用Tiring。故Tiring改成Tired.第三处:考查删除多余词。句意:我可以说这是我参加过的最好的一次。分析句子可知,本句为现在完成时,主语I与谓语takepartin为主动。故去掉been.第四处:考查一般过去时。句意:首先,校长做了一个演讲。整篇短文都在叙述上周的运动会,所以本句为一般过去时。故makes改成made.第五处:考查名词复数。句意:然后是各种表演,包括唱歌、跳舞和功夫。performance为可数名词,在本句中指多种表演,所以用performance的复数performances。故performance改成performances.第六处:考查连接词。句意:此外,一些学生打扮成玩偶的模样,他们想要展示的是自信和才华。分析句子可知,and之后的句子为主语从句,在主语从句中,show缺少宾语,根据句意,应用what作show的宾语。故that改成what.第七处:考查名词。句意:此外,一些学生打扮成玩偶的模样,他们想要展示的是自信和才华。分析句子可知,本句为名词作表语。故confident改成confidence.第八处:考查形容词。句意:当老师们的表演开始时,同学们欣喜若狂。go为半系动词后接形容词作表语。故crazily改成crazy.第九处:考查固定用法。句意:作为一名优秀的摄影师,我拍下了那么多精彩的瞬间,毫无疑问,这对我们所有人来说意义非常重大。somany“如此多”为固定短语,没有suchmany。故such改成so.n第十处:考查介词。句意:作为一名优秀的摄影师,我拍下了那么多精彩的瞬间,毫无疑问,这对我们所有人来说意义非常重大。withoutdoubt“毫无疑问”符合句意。故with改成without.【点睛】关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别,比较准确的表述应该是:1.以后缀–ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed,delighted,excited,frightened,interested,moved,pleased,surprised,worried等)通常用于说明人,不用于说明事物,即使它们所修饰的名词是事物,那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如:Hehadapleasedsmileonhisface.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。Hetoldmethenewsinaveryexcitedvoice.他声音很激动地告诉了我这个消息。第一句中的apleasedsmile意为“满意的微笑”,它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑;第二句中的averyexcitedvoice指的是“很激动的声音”,即指的是某人因很激动而发出那样的声音。2.以后缀-ing结尾的形容词(如delighting,exciting,frightening,interesting,moving,surprising,worrying等)主要用于说明事物,表示事物的性质或特征,若用它们说明人,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如:Thestoryisveryinteresting.这个故事很有趣。Themanisveryinteresting.这个人很有趣。请再比较并体会以下句子:Heisfrightened.他很害怕。Heisfrightening.他很吓人。Hehasafrightenedlookonhisface.他脸上带有惊恐的神情。Hehasafrighteninglookonhisface.他脸上带有吓人的神情。Ireadaninterestedexpressiononhisface.我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。Ireadaninterestingexpressiononhisface.我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。分析第二处句子可知,以后缀–ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人。本句说的是我们很累,所以用Tired。而以后缀-ing结尾的形容词主要用于说明事物,所以不用Tiring。故Tiring改成Tired.第二节书面表达(满分25分)72.假定你是李华,你的澳大利亚笔友Peter发邮件向你询问你校家校共育活动的开展情况。请回复邮件向他作简要介绍,内容包括:n1.活动目的;2.活动形式(如家长学校、开放周等);3.你最感兴趣的活动形式及理由。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearPeter,Iamwritingtotellyousomethingabouthome-schooleducationactivitiesthatareinprocessinourschool.Inordertobuildupagoodrelationshipbetweenteachersandparentstofindoutthesolutionstothepsychologicalandphysicalproblemsfromstudents.Ourschoolhasstartedaparentschooltohelpparentsandteacherstounderstandstudentsbetter.Intheopenweek,parentswillattendeveryclasswiththeirchildrentohelpthemtofindoutwhytheycan’tconcentrateontheirlessons.WhatIlikebestishavinglunchwithparentsintheschool.Thatisbecauseparentsandchildrencancommunicatewitheachotheroverthelunchtime.Byhavinglunchtogether,childrenaremorerelaxedandwillingtospeakoutpsychologicalandphysicalproblems.Parentswillfeedbackchildren‘sinformationtoteachers,soteacherswilltakeactivemeasurestohelpthemgetoutofthetrouble.Lookingforwardtoyoureply.Yours,nLiHua【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文,要求写一封信。【详解】第一步:审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。第一,1.活动目的;2.活动形式(如家长学校、开放周等);3.你最感兴趣的活动形式及理由。第二,人称为第三人称。第三,时态为一般现在时为主,兼用一般将来时。第二步:布局段落,确定主要段落,次要段落,段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为四段。第一段,活动目的。第二段,活动形式(如家长学校、开放周等)。第三段,你最感兴趣的活动形式及理由。第四段,期待回复。第三步:确定关键词汇和短语:understand,home-schooleducationactivities,buildupagoodrelationship,findoutthesolutionstothepsychologicalandphysicalproblemsfromstudents,aparentschool,attendeveryclass,concentrateon,havelunchwithparents,communicatewith,speakout,psychologicalandphysicalproblems,feedback,takeactivemeasurestohelpthemgetoutofthetrouble.第四步:确定较为高级的句子:that引导的定语从句Iamwritingtotellyousomethingabouthome-schooleducationactivitiesthatareinprocessinourschool.why引导的宾语从句parentswillattendeveryclasswiththeirchildrentohelpthemtofindoutwhytheycan’tconcentrateontheirlessons.What引导的主语从句WhatIlikebestishavinglunchwithparentsintheschool.because引导的表语从句Thatisbecauseparentsandchildrencancommunicatewitheachotheroverthelunchtime.第五步:注意书写,保持卷面整洁,避免划线,乱擦。【点睛】文章思路清晰,语言规范,段落整齐,语篇连贯,层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式:如that引导的定语从句Iamwritingtotellyousomethingabouthome-schooleducationactivitiesthatareinprocessinourschool.why引导的宾语从句parentswillattendeveryclasswiththeirchildrentohelpthemtofindoutwhytheycan’tconcentrateontheirlessons.What引导的主语从句WhatIlikebestishavinglunchwithparentsintheschool.because引导的表语从句Thatisbecauseparentsandchildrencancommunicatewitheachotheroverthelunchtime.高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次,整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。n

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