高中英语unit4astronomythescienceofthestarssectionⅱthelanguagepointsofreading（第1课时） 9页

SectionⅡ　TheLanguagePointsofReading课时作业(一)Ⅰ　完形填空Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteors(流星)butalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphereagainacts__1__ourprotectiveblanketon__2__.Lightgetsthrough,andthisisessential__3__plantstomakethefoodwhichwe__4__.Heat,__5__，makesourenvironmenttolerableandsomeultraviolet(紫外线的)rayspenetratethe__6__.Cosmic(宇宙的)raysofvariouskindscome__7__theairfromouterspace,but__8__quantitiesofradiationfromthesunarescreenedoff.__9__menleavetheatmospheretheyare__10__tothisradiation,__11__theirspacesuitsorthewallsoftheirspacecraft,iftheyareinside,__12__preventalotofradiationdamage.Radiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersin__13__.Dosesofradiationaremeasuredin__14__called“rem(雷姆)”.Weall__15__radiationhereonearthfromthesun，fromcosmicraysandfromradioactiveminerals.The“__16__”doseofradiationthatwereceiveeachyearisabouttwomillirems.It__17__accordingtowhereyoulive,andthisisaveryroughestimate.Scientistshavethereasontothink__18__amancan__19__farmoreradiation__20__0.1remwithoutbeingdamaged.Thefigureof60remshasbeenagreedon.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。太阳和其他星体发出的射线对人类既有利又有弊，那么大气层对此又是如何起作用的呢？人们能承受的安全射线数是多少雷姆呢？　1．A.forB．withC．onD．as答案：D　actas“充当，起……作用”。句意：大气层再次对我们起到防护的作用。2．A.starsB．sunC．earthD．space答案：C　由上题可知，大气层起到防护的作用，保护的应该是地球。故选C项。3．A.withB．fromC．underD．for答案：D　beessentialfor“对……来说是首要的/基础的”，为固定搭配。4．A.useB．liveC．eatD．getn答案：C　由常识可知，植物依靠阳光来生长出我们吃的食物，故选C项。5．A.againB．alsoC．besidesD．too答案：D　also一般紧跟动词；besides一般用在句首；too可用在句中，用逗号隔开。此处指热量也使得我们的生活环境温度适宜。6．A.environmentB．spaceC．atmosphereD．earth答案：C　由第1空所在的句子可知，地球周围有大气防护层，因此推知这里紫外线穿透大气层。故选C。7．A.acrossB．toC．fromD．through答案：D　这里的comethrough相当于penetrate“穿透”。comeacross“偶遇”；cometo“来到”；comefrom“来自”。句意：各类来自外太空的宇宙射线穿透大气层。故选through。8．A.validB．enormousC．variousD．proper答案：B　由空格前but表转折和句末的“arescreenedoff(被隔开)”可判断此处表述大量的来自太阳的辐射被隔离掉了。valid“有效的”；various“各种各样的”；proper“合适的”。enormous“大量的”符合文意。9．A.AssoonasB．AswellasC．AsmuchasD．Aspossibleas答案：A　assoonas“一……就……”。此处表述人一离开大气层就会接触到射线。故选A项。10．A.shownB．exposedC．facedD．covered答案：B　beexposedto“暴露于”，符合语意。11．A.butB．becauseC．soD．sothat答案：A　本句前半句的意思：人一离开大气层就会接触到射线；后半句的意思：他们的太空服和太空船的外壁会阻止射线造成的损害。前后应该是转折关系，故用but。12．A.getB．makeC．haveD．do答案：D　“do＋动词原形”结构强调谓语动词。13．A.MarsB．atmospherenC．spaceD．planet答案：C　由Radiation和explorers可推测，应选space(太空)。句意：射线是探险者在太空中所知的最大危险。14．A.piecesB．unitsC．partsD．systems答案：B　此处表述射线的剂量可用“雷姆”这个测量单位来测量，故选B项。15．A.receiveB．acceptC．bringD．catch答案：A　由第16空所在句子中的“radiationthatwereceiveeachyear”可知，此处表示受到辐射，故选A项。16．A.conventionalB．commonC．generalD．normal答案：D　此处表述我们每年接受的正常辐射量大约为2毫雷姆。故选normal。17．A.puzzlesB．floatsC．combinesD．changes答案：D　由句意“所处地点不同，所能承受的正常的辐射量也不一样”可确定答案为D项。18．A.whatB．whichC．thatD．why答案：C　本句应填入引导宾语从句的连接词，而从句不缺少成分和语意，故选择that。19．A.putupwithB．keepupwithC．comeupwithD．catchupwith答案：A　此处表述人类可承受的辐射量。putupwith“忍受”，符合语境。20．A.fromB．thanC．asD．away答案：B　由前面的“more”和后一句中的“Thefigureof60rems”可知，应选than，表示“远超0.1雷姆的辐射量”。Ⅱ　阅读理解AEdmundHalleywasanEnglishscientistwholivedover200yearsago.Hestudiedtheobservationsofcomets(彗星)whichotherscientistshadmade.Theorbitofoneparticularcometwasaverydifficultmathematicalproblem.Hecouldnotfigureitnout.Neithercouldotherscientistswhodealtwithsuchproblems.However,HalleyhadafriendnamedNewton,whowasabrilliantmathematician.Newtonthoughthehadalreadyworkedoutthatproblem，buthecouldnotfindthepapersonwhichhehaddoneit.HetoldHalleythattheorbitofacomethadtheshapeofanellipse(椭圆)．NowHalleysettowork.Hefiguredouttheorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Thecometsthathadappearedintheyears1531,1607,and1682allhadthesameorbit.Yettheirappearanceshadbeen75to76yearsapart.ThisseemedverystrangetoHalley.Thedifferentcometsfollowedthesameorbit.ThemoreHalleythoughtaboutit,themorehethoughtthattherehadnotbeenthreedifferentcomets,aspeoplethought.Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesamecometthreetimes.Thecomethadgoneawayandhadcomebackagain.Itwasanastonishingidea!Halleyfeltcertainenoughtomakeapredictionofwhatcometwouldhappeninthefuture.Hedecidedthatthiscometwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetested.In1758thecometappearedinthesky.Halleydidnotseeit,forhehaddiedsomeyearsbefore.EversincethenthatcomethasbeencalledHalley'scomet,inhishonorp2.1．Halleymadehisdiscovery________.A．bydoingexperimentsB．bymeansofhisowncarefulobservationC．byusingtheworkofotherscientistsD．bychance答案：C　细节理解题。由文章第一段第二句及第三段第二、三、四句“Hefiguredouttheorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Thecometsthathadappearedintheyears1531,1607，and1682allhadthesameorbit.”可知应选C。2．Halleymadeasurprising，butcorrectpredictionintheyear________.A．1704B．1705nC．1706D．1707答案：B　细节理解题。由第五段第三、四句“Hedecidedthatthiscometwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetested.”可知，他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年，而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证，由此可以计算出哈雷得出这个预言的时间是1705年。3．Thispassageingeneralisabout________.A．HalleyandotherscientistsB．theorbitofacometC．NewtonandHalleyD．Halleyandhisdiscovery答案：D　主旨大意题。文章的中心大意就是哈雷以及他的发现。4．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．EdmundHalleywasanAmericanscientist.B．Halleymadehisdiscoverybydoingexperiments.C．Newtonwasafamousmathematician.D．Theorbitofacomethadtheshapeofacircle.答案：C　推理判断题。从文章首句可知A项错误；从第1题的分析中可知B项也错误；牛顿告诉哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，可排除D。1．astonishingadj.令人惊讶的2．predictionn.预言1．figureout解决；计算出2．insb.'shonor向某人致敬B“Hello,Earth!Canyouhearme？”That'sthevoicemorethan400,000peoplereceivedrecently.ItwasfromPhilae,aspacevehiclethatlandedonacometin2014.However,itstransmissions(传送信号)backhomewentsilentsincethen.IttookalongtimeforPhilaetomakeitswayacrossthesolarsystemandreachcomet67P/CG.ThespacevehiclegotthereaboardtheRosettaprobe(探测器),whichhasbeencirclingaroundthecometsincePhilaeseparatedfromitinNovember,n2014.Philae'sjobwastocollectmaterialstostudythecomet'scomposition.Andforabouttwoandahalfdaysafterlanding,itdidjustthat,sendingtheinformationbacktoscientistsonEarth.ButPhilae'slandingonthecomet'sicysurfacehadnotbeensmooth.Whiletouchingdown,itjumpedupandendedupintheshadowofsomethinglikeahugerock.Philaerunsonsolarpower,buttherewasnolightintheplacewhereitlanded.Intheend,itfailedtowork.However,ascomet67P/CGmovedclosertothesun,moresunlightreachedthespacevehicle,allowingittopowerupandcomebackonline.PhilaethensentsomethingtoRosetta,whichpassedontheinformationbacktoEarth.“Weonlyreceivedtheinformationforabout85seconds,butthat'senoughtoletusknowitisaliveandwell，”saysStephanUlamec,whoworksfortheEuropeanSpaceAgency.“Wehopetoworkoutwhereitlandedexactlyonthe4kilometerwidecomet.NowweplantochangehowRosettamovessothatPhilaecankeeponcommunicatingandreceivinginstructions.”5．HearingPhilae'svoice，thosepeoplemusthavefelt________.A．afraidB．calmC．excitedD．worried答案：C　推理判断题。由第一段中的“Philae...landedonacometin2014.However,itstransmissions(传送信号)backhomewentsilentsincethen.”可知，Philae于2014年着陆彗星后就失联了，所以当人们再次听到它传来的声音时一定很兴奋，故选C项。6．Accordingtothetext,Philae________.A．wasdamagedwhenitlandedB．movedaroundcomet67P/CGC．needslightandgastokeepworkingD．helpsscientistslearnaboutacomet答案：D　细节理解题。由第三段首句“Philae'sjobwastocollectmaterialstostudythecomet'scomposition.”可知，Philae的任务是帮助科学家了解一颗彗星的相关情况，故选D项。n7．WhatStephansaysinthetextsuggeststhat________.A．RosettawillmovearoundanothercometB．PhilaewillcontinuetoworkforscientistsC．mostcometsareaswideasfourkilometersD．hewonderswhetherPhilaeisstillalive答案：B　细节理解题。由最后一段尾句“NowweplantochangehowRosettamovessothatPhilaecankeeponcommunicatingandreceivinginstructions.”可知，Philae将会继续为科学家们服务，故选B项。8．Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthetext?A．Asleepingspacevehiclewakesup.B．Itisverydangeroustotravelinspace.C．Anewcometwasdiscoveredrecently.D．Philaewassentintospacesuccessfully.答案：A　主旨大意题。总览全文可知，文章主要介绍了彗星着陆器Philae的一些情况。它在“沉睡”了好久之后“醒”了过来，并向地球发出了信息。1．compositionn.成分；构成　2.instructionn.命令；指示1．makeone'sway行进；前进2．endup最终处于，以……而告终Ⅲ　七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifsomethingthatyou'redoingdoesn'tchallengeyou,thenitdoesn'tchangeyou.Weallneedsomenormalstressinourlives,afterall.__1__Sochallengethefollowinglimits：1．Figureoutwhatyouarescaredofanddoitcontinuously.nIfyouareasalesman,andyou'rescaredoftalkingtopeoplepersonallyoroverthephone,now,insteadofbeingscaredandthinkingyouwillfail,spendatleastfiveminutesadaypickingupthephoneandmakingacall.__2__Butdon'tstoponthefirsttry!Eventually,youcanlookatfearintheeyesandsay,“Goon,I'mnotscared！”2．Takeaclassforahobbyyou'vebeenwantingtodevelop.Makesurethishobbyisnotlinkedtoyourcareer;youhavetorelaxandrelieveyourstresswhileperformingthis.__3__Apartfromhelpingyouchallengeyourself,takingaclassforyourhobbymayalsogiveyouextraincome.3．Setasideatleastnineminutesadayforphysicalexercise.__4__Asimple9minuterunaroundyourneighborhoodcandowondersforyourself.Exercisecannotonlyhelpyoumaintainyourregularweight,butalsomakeyoufeelbetteraboutyourself.4．__5__Don'tjustlimityourselftoyourfellowtravelers—trytoconnectwiththeservicestaff.Youneverknowwhatkindofpeoplethey'regoingtobe.Getoutofyourhouseorgoonlinerightnowtobookyourclass.Starttotravelnowandlearntochallengeyourself.A．Youshoulddoitcontinuously.B．Youdon'tneedtogotothegym.C．Someonemaymakeyoudisturbed.D．Runninginthegymmaybeabetterchoice.E．Someexamplesmightbecooking,sewing,paintingandsoon.F．Travelandallowyourselftobeinterestedinnewpeople.G．Youcanneverseeanyimprovementifyousticktoyourcomfortzone.1．G　本段第一句“Ifsomethingthatyou'redoingdoesn'tchallengeyou,thenitdoesn'tchangeyou.”便告知，如果你做的事没有挑战，你就不会改变。G项(如果你待在舒适区，那么你永远不会有进步。)顺承了文意，故选G。2．C　本段在讲与人交流，根据空格后一句“Butdon'tstoponthefirstntry！(但别停止在第一次上！)”推断，上文指可能遇到了不好的人或事，故C项(有人可能让你心烦。)引起下文，符合语境。故选C。3．E　由标题可知，该段在讲报兴趣培训班，下文内容陈述如何进行选择，E项列举了兴趣班的类型，符合语境，故选E。4．B　根据空格后一句“Asimple9minuterunaroundyourneighborhoodcandowondersforyourself.(在你住的街区一个简单的9分钟跑步就能为你自己产生神奇的作用。)”可知，B项(你不必去体育馆。)引起下文，符合本段意思，故选B。5．F　根据最后一段中的“Youneverknowwhatkindofpeoplethey'regoingtobe.Getoutofyourhouseorgoonline...”可推知，作者鼓励出去见识更多的人，故选F。