（全国版）高考英语unit3understandingeachother学案（含解析）牛津译林版 22页

Unit3Understandingeachother(一)课前自主学习Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意1．endoftermn．　　　　　学期末2．bridegroomn.新郎3．stoven.炉子，火炉4．offencen．[纵联1]冒犯；侮辱5．fireworkn.焰火，烟花6．minorityn．[纵联2]少数民族；少数，少数人7．feastn.盛宴，宴会；节日8．maskn.面具vt.伪装，掩饰9．carvevt.雕刻10．steamvt.&vi.蒸，蒸发n.蒸汽11．clawn.爪，爪子12．roastvt.烤，烘焙adj.烤的，焙的13．mustardn.芥末；芥末酱14．barbecuen.户外烧烤15．arrown.箭；箭头标记Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形1．adjustvi.&vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节2．expectationn.期望，盼望3．familiaradj.通晓；熟悉4．ensurevt.保证，担保，确保5．accountn．[纵联3]描述，叙述；账目6．alikeadj.adv.[纵联4]相像，十分相似十分相像地；同样地7．throughoutprep.&adv.自始至终；贯穿整个时期；各处，n遍及8．retellvt.复述，转述9．hugvt.&vi.&n.拥抱，抱紧10．weddingn.婚礼11．receptionn.招待会；接待；接受12．gesturen.手势；姿势；示意动作13．plainn.平原adj.清楚的，明显的；坦诚的；朴素的14．mysteriousadj.神秘的，奇怪的Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变1．greetvt.和某人打招呼(或问好)→greetingn．招呼；问候；问候语2．congratulatevt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺→congratulationn．祝贺；贺词3．permitvt.&vi.允许，准许n．许可证→permissionn．允许，许可4．prohibitvt.(尤指以法令)禁止→prohibitionn．禁止；禁令5．religionn．宗教→religiousadj.宗教的；虔诚的6．accustomedadj.习惯于；惯常的→accustomvt.使习惯于7．celebrationn．庆典；庆祝活动→celebratev．庆祝8．slightadj.轻微的→slightlyadv.轻微地；稍微地9．braveryn．勇敢→braveadj.勇敢的→bravelyadv.勇敢地；极好地10．governvt.统治；控制，支配→governorn．主管人员；统治者→governmentn．政府11．musicaladj.音乐的n．音乐剧→musicn．音乐，乐曲纵联1.打入“犯罪”团伙①offencen.冒犯，犯罪②crimen.违法行为或罪行③criminaln.罪犯④guiltn.犯罪，有罪纵联2.“adj.＋ity＝n.”荟萃①popularity受欢迎；流行②reality现实③similarity相似点n④security安全⑤majority大多数⑥minority少数纵联3.拜访“金融”部落①account账目；账户②budget预算(案)③capital资金；资本④cheque支票⑤interest利息⑥finance财政，金融纵联4.“相似”词有哪些？①resemblevt.与……相似②similaradj.相似的③equallyadv.同样地④identicallyadv.相等地⑤alikeadj.相像，十分相似　adv.同样地；十分相像地单元话题——文化差异子话题1　外在表现①barriern.障碍②controversialadj.有争议的，有争论的③collisionn.碰撞；冲突；(意见、看法的)抵触④crisisn.危机⑤dilemman.困境，窘境；进退两难⑥complicatedadj.难懂的，复杂的⑦conflictn.冲突⑧misunderstandvt.误会子话题2　影响与反应①implicationn.牵连，卷入②essentialadj.基本的，必要的③fundamentaladj.基本的，根本的④embarrassingadj.令人尴尬的n⑤condemnvt.谴责，声讨⑥appropriateadj.适当的；恰当的⑦communicationn.交流⑧cooperationn.合作⑨forgiveandforget既往不咎，尽释前嫌[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompany__❶__(use)specialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesure❷itmeetsfederalsafetystandards.①用所给词的适当形式填空：to_use；“允许某人做某事”的表达为permit_sb._to_do_sth.或者permit_one's_doing_sth.②用本单元词汇替换加黑短语：ensure2．(2015·四川高考阅读B)Determined,Dadfilledourplateswith__❶__(steam)stewandpassedthemaround.Itdidn'tlookthatbad,andafterthefirstwavehadshutdownmyabilitytosmell,itdidn'toffend❷thenosesomuch,either.Itookataste.Itwouldneverwinaprizeinacookingcompetition❸，butitwassurprisinglyedible,andwedrankupeverylastdropofsoup!①用所给词的适当形式填空：steaming；本句中短语fill...with...意为“用……装满”，常用其被动结构：be_filled_with，同义短语为：be_full_of②写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：offence③写出本单元中与加黑词汇后缀相同的单词：reception,_celebration高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1．(2017·江苏高考书面表达)新技术的应用以及影星的巨大魅力也能解释这种增长。(account)The_application_of_new_technologies_and_the_wide_appeal_of_movie_stars_could_also_account_for_the_increase.2．(2016·浙江高考书面表达)当她即将出发时，一个熟悉的影子突然出现在她的视线中。(familiar)A_familiar_shadow_suddenly_came_into_her_sight_when_she_was_about_to_set_ofnf.(二)课堂重点释疑1．ensurevt.&n．保证；担保[记牢]ensuresth.　　　　　　　　保证某事ensuresb.sth.保证/确保某人(得到)某物ensuresb.from/against...保护某人免受……的伤害ensurethat...＝makesurethat...　确保/保证……[练通]句型转换Theteacherssparednoefforttoensureanequalchancetoallstudents.①Theteacherssparednoefforttoensurethatallstudentshadanequalchance.②Theteacherssparednoefforttomakesurethatallstudentshadanequalchance.完成句子③Wemustensure_our_children_againstcontaminationbybadideas.我们必须保护我们的孩子免受坏思想的侵蚀。④To_ensure_food_safety,_thegovernmenthaspromisedtoreducetheamountofchemicalsusedinfoodproduction.为了确保食品安全，政府已经承诺减少生产食品时所用化学物质的数量。[写美]⑤(2015·陕西高考书面表达)我保证我绝对不会辜负你的期望。I_ensure_that_I_can_perfectly_live_up_to_your_expectations.2．congratulatevt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺[记牢](1)congratulatesb.on/upon(doing)sth.　　　　　　　祝贺某人(做了)某事congratulateoneself(onsth.)(因成就或成功)为自己感到骄傲或自豪(2)congratulationn.祝贺；(复数)贺词(send/offer)congratulationstosb.onsth.祝贺某人某事Congratulations!恭喜！[练通]单句语法填空/单句改错①Iwanttoexpressmysincerecongratulations(congratulate)onyourdoingsonwellintheexam.②Shecongratulatedhimonthebirthofhisson.③Youcancongratulateyouonhavingdoneanexcellentjob.第二个you→yourself一句多译我一定得祝贺你荣任经理之职。④Imustcongratulate_you_onyourappointmentasamanager.(congratulate)⑤Imustoffer/send_my_congratulations_to_you_onyourappointmentasamanager.(congratulation)[辨清]congratulate“祝贺；道贺”，只能用人作宾语，若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面要用on/upon连接，构成congratulatesb.on/uponsth.celebrate举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝”，只能用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语[写美]⑥(2017·天津高考书面表达)我为自己成为8月底在天津举办的第13届全运会的志愿者而感到自豪。I_congratulate_myself_on_being_a_volunteer_of_the_13th_National_Games_held_in_Tianjin_at_the_end_of_August.3．permitvt.&vi.允许，准许n.许可证[记牢](1)permit(doing)sth.　　　　允许(做)某事permitsb.(todo)sth.允许某人(做)某事time/weatherpermitting＝iftime/weatherpermits时间/天气允许的话(2)adriver's/drivingpermit驾驶执照(3)permissionn.允许；许可withoutpermission未经许可askforpermission请求允许[练通]单句语法填空①Employeesarepermittedto_use(use)thegolfcourseduringtheirfreehours.②Youshouldknowthatnophotosaretobetakenoftheexhibitswithoutpermission(permit)．③Therulesoftheschooldonotpermitparking(park)neartheschoolgate.n单句改错④Timepermitted,Imaygohikingwithmyfriends.permitted→permitting⑤You'renotallowedtodriveifyoudon'thaveapermission.permission→permit句型转换⑥Ifweatherpermits,wewillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.→Weatherpermitting,_wewillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.[用准]　permit充当名词时为可数名词，意为“许可证”；permission为不可数名词，意为“许可”。[写美]⑦(2017·浙江高考书面表达)如果天气允许的话，我们将在树林里野餐。We'll_have_a_picnic_in_the_woods,_weather_permitting/if_weather_permits.[联想]　动词permit的常见用法为permitdoingsth./sb.todosth.，其他用法类似的动词还有：allow,forbid,advise,encourage等。4．prohibitvt.(尤指以法令)禁止，不准；阻止[记牢](1)prohibit(doing)sth.　　　　禁止(做)某事prohibitsb.'sdoingsth./prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事(2)prohibitionn.禁止，阻止；禁令aprohibitionon/against……的禁令[练通]　单句语法填空①Trafficregulationsprohibitpeoplefromridingbicyclesonthesidewalk.②Weprohibitsmoking(smoke)intheofficeduringworkinghours.③Thereisaprohibitionon/againsttobaccoadvertisinginnewspapersandmagazines.[写美]④(2009·广东高考书面表达)我认为有必要禁止游客与动物拍照，从而为它们提供一个舒适的生活环境。I_think_it_necessary_to_prohibit_tourists'_taking_pictures_with_animals,_making_a_comfortable_environment_for_them_to_live.[联想]　“禁止/阻止某人做某事”的表达还有：①discouragesb.fromdoingsth.n②bansb.fromdoingsth.③preventsb.(from)doingsth.④keepsb.fromdoingsth.⑤forbidsb.fromdoingsth.⑥stopsb.(from)doingsth.5．adjustvi.&vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节[辨清]　写出下列句中adjust的含义①Firstadjusttheheightofthebicyclesaddleproperly.调节，调整②Ithinkthatyouwillquicklyadjusttothemalthoughtheweatherandthefoodaredifferentfromyours.适应[记牢](1)adjustto(doing)sth.　　　适应(做)某事adjustoneselfto使自己适应于……adjuststh.to调整某物以适应……(2)adjustmentn.调整；调节；适应makeanadjustment/adjustmentsto对……作出调整(3)adjustableadj.可调整的，可调节的[练通]用adjust的适当形式填空③Allthenewchairsareadjustable,_whichcanbe_adjustedtotheheightoftheindividualstudent.Inaddition,theadjustmentisveryeasytooperate.Itonlytakesyouashortwhileto_adjusttousingit.单句改错④Shemustadjusthertonewconditions.her→herself⑤Myparentshadtroubleadjustingtoliveinanapartment.live→living完成句子⑥Hewillhavetomake_major_adjustments_to_his_thinkingifheistosurviveinoffice.要想保住工作，他就必须在观念上作出重大的改变。[写美]⑦(2018·北京高考书面表达)这样，你可以使自己很快适应北京的生活。That_way,_you_may_adjust_yourself_to_the_life_here_in_Beijing_soon.6．accustomedadj.习惯于；惯常的n[记牢](1)beaccustomedto(doing)sth.＝beusedto(doing)sth.　习惯(做)某事(表状态)get/becomeaccustomedto(doing)sth.＝get/becomeusedto(doing)sth.习惯(做)某事(表动作)(2)accustomvt.使……习惯于accustomoneselfto(doing)sth.使自己习惯于(做)某事[练通]单句语法填空①Asweallknow,Englishpeopleareaccustomed/usedtodriving(drive)ontheleft.②Tobreatheinmorefreshair,youmustaccustomyourself(you)togettingupearly.③Accustomed(accustom)tolivinginthecountryside,Ifoundithardtoliveinthecity.句型转换Wehadtogetusedtothenewworkingconditions.④Wehadtoaccustomourselvestothenewworkingconditions.⑤Wehadtoget/becomeaccustomedtothenewworkingconditions.[用准]　短语be/become/getaccustomedto中的to是介词，其后需要跟名词、代词或动词ing形式。[写美]⑥(2014·天津高考书面表达)你将度过一段美好的时光，并且不久就会习惯这里的生活。You_will_have_a_good_time_and_get_accustomed_to_the_life_here_soon.7．familiaradj.通晓；熟悉[记牢]befamiliarwith...　　　　　精通……，熟悉……befamiliartosb.为某人所熟悉[练通]　句型转换①Theyarenotfamiliarwithcharitywork,whichisstillatanearlystageinChina.→Charitywork,whichisstillatanearlystageinChina,isnotfamiliartonthem.②Thecityisquitefamiliartohimbecauseheisanativeofit.→Heisquitefamiliarwiththecitybecauseheisanativeofit.[用准]　befamiliarto的主语可以是人，也可以是物，宾语通常是人；befamiliarwith的主语只能是人，宾语是所熟悉的内容或物。[写美]③(2015·天津高考书面表达)我相信这些捐赠的图书不仅能使你更熟悉中国，而且有助于提高你的汉语。I_believe_these_donated_books_will_not_only_make_you_more_familiar_with_China_but_help_enhance_your_Chinese.8．accountn．描述，叙述；报道；账户v．说明；解释；认为[辨清]　写出下列句中account的词性和含义①AnoldsoldiergaveusavividaccountoftheLongMarch.n.叙述②Somebanksmakeitdifficulttoopenanaccount,whichisespeciallyfortheold.n.账户③Hisaccountoftheincidentapproximatestothatoftheotherwitness.n.报道④Weallaccounthimaqualifiedteacher,andheisalsorespectedbyhisstudents.v.认为⑤Canyouaccountforyourmovementsonthatnight？v.解释[记牢](1)onaccountof　　由于；因为onnoaccount决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)take...intoaccount/consideration＝takeaccountof考虑……(2)accountfor说明(原因等)；(作出)解释；占……(比例)[练通]单句语法填空⑥Itissaidthatbodylanguageaccountsfor55percentofafirstimpressionwhilewhatyousayjust7percent.⑦Heisinastateofdeepdepressiononaccountofhisfailureintheexam.完成句子⑧Hehadtoleavehisbelovedbasketballteamon_account_of_his_injured_legs.n由于腿伤他不得不离开自己深爱的篮球队。⑨Onnoaccountcan_we_ignorethevalueofknowledge,aswellaspracticalexperience.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值，以及实际的经验。[用准]　onnoaccount意为“决不”，放在句首时常引起句子的部分倒装，有类似用法的短语还包括：bynomeans,innoway,innocase,onnocondition,undernocircumstances,atnotime等。[写美]⑩(2014·浙江高考书面表达)我真诚地希望你会考虑我的建议。I_sincerely_hope_that_you_will_take_my_suggestions_into_account/consideration.[词汇过关综合训练]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Hehugged(拥抱)herandhandedherabouquetofbeautifulroses.2．Duetothepresentpricelevel,wecannothelpbutadjust(调整)ouroffer.3．He,togetherwithhisbride,wouldlikeallofyoutobepresentathiswedding(婚礼)．4．Itsnowedthroughout(自始至终)thenight.Thewholetownwascoveredwithsnow.5．Retell(复述)whathappenedontheislandoneearlymorninginautumn.6．Unfortunatelythenewsoftwarehasfailedtomeetexpectations(期望)．7．Ithoughtitwasagreatwaytostudygestures(手势)．8．Iknowfromtheirgreetings(问候)howmuchtheyexpectedofme.9．Themotherfoundthathersonhadamusical(音乐的)talent.10．Therearemanymysterious(神秘的)storiesabouttheEgyptianpyramids.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Innocentpeoplegetintotroubleonaccountofothers'misfortune.2．Itisnotaneasythingtogetaccustomedto_living(live)inacompletelystrangeenvironment.3．Passengersarepermittedto_carry(carry)onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.4．Localzoninglawsprohibitbuilding(build)nearpropertylines.5．Iwanttoexpressmysincerecongratulations(congratulate)onyournsuccess.6．HewasfamiliartomebutIcouldn'tthinkofhisnameatonce.7．Hismannerwasslightly(slight)rude,butyouneedn'tmind.8．Weallthinksheshouldbepraisedforherbravery(brave).9．We'vehadtomakesomeadjustments(adjust)toouroriginalcalculations.10．TheChinesecommunityhereareshootingofffireworksincelebration(celebrate)oftheChineseNewYear.Ⅲ.单句改错1．Whileplanningthedevelopmentstrategy,wemusttaketheoverallsituationinaccount.in→into2．Wewillthrowapartytocongratulatetohimonhispromotion.去掉第二个to3．Hewantstodowellinhisstudiesandadjustthenewculture.adjust后加to4．IhavebeenaccustomedtogetupearlyinthemorningsinceIcametoseniorhighschool.get→getting5．Itwasthebadweatherthatprohibitedthemingoingtothesciencemuseum.in→fromⅣ.一句多译1．他总是乐于帮助他人，因此在这儿大家都熟悉他。(familiar)①Heisalwayswillingtohelpothers,soeveryonehereis_familiar_with_him.②Heisalwayswillingtohelpothers,soheis_familiar_to_everyonehere.2．我们必须保证饮用水的纯净。①Wemustensure_the_purity_of_drinking_water.(ensuresth.)②Wemustensure_that_drinking_water_is_pure.(ensurethat)③Wemustmake_sure_that_drinking_water_is_pure.(makesurethat)3．如果天气条件允许，我们明天就去长城。①If_weather_permits,_wewillgototheGreatWalltomorrow.(if从句)②Weather_permitting,_wewillgototheGreatWalltomorrow.(独立主格)(一)课前自主学习n1．let_alone　　　　　　　　　　　更不用说2．show_sb._around带某人参观、游览3．take_up[串记1]占据(时间或空间)4．have_power_over控制，支配5．be_aware_of知道，意识到6．shake_hands_with_sb.与某人握手7．be_home_to为……的所在地/栖息地/家园8．adjust_to适应9．be_familiar_with[串记2]对……熟悉；通晓10．provide_..._with_...给……提供……11．be_supposed_to_do_sth.应该做某事12．get_accustomed_to_(doing)_sth.习惯(做)某事13．after_all[串记3]毕竟，终究14．do_without没有……也行15．belong_to属于16．take_place发生；举行17．congratulate_sb._on_sth.祝贺某人某事18．be_connected_with与……有联系19．meet_with遇见，碰到[同根短语串记]串记1.“v.＋up”短语大阅兵①takeup占据(时间或空间)②packup打包③buildup逐渐增加④bringup抚养；使……长大⑤setup建立；竖立⑥putup建造；举起；张贴⑦makeup组成；虚构；弥补；化妆⑧comeup走近；上来；上升；被提出⑨giveup放弃⑩breakup打碎；拆散；结束n串记2.“be＋adj.＋with”高频短语①befamiliarwith对……熟悉②besatisfiedwith对……满意③bemadwith因……发疯④beboredwith厌烦……⑤bebusywith忙于……⑥bepopularwith受……欢迎⑦beangrywith对……发怒⑧bestrictwith对……要求严格⑨bepatientwith对……耐心⑩becontentwith对……满意串记3.结识all相关短语①afterall毕竟，终究②inall总共，合计③allinall总的来说，大体而言④atall根本；完全⑤aboveall首先，最重要的1．anumberofyears很多年2．inthefuture将来3．soundlike听起来像4．getintotrouble陷入困境5．havenoidea不知道6．minoritycultures少数民族文化7．onthistrip在这次旅行中8．attheendoftermceremony在期末庆典上1．Manyforeignershave_trouble_gettingaccustomedtoit.很多外国人很难习惯这一点。2．One_reason_whytherearesomanyFrenchwordsinEnglishis_thattheFrenchruledEnglandforquiteanumberofyears.英语里有如此多的法语词汇的一个原因是法国人曾统治英格兰相当长一段时间。3．Theydislike_it_whenpeopledonotlookatthecards,soremembernottojustnputtheminyourpocketwithoutlooking.他们不喜欢人们不看名片，所以要记住，不要看都不看就把名片塞进口袋。[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块和句式(完成句子)1．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)ThevisitorwillentertheWorldofDalithroughaneggandis_met_with(与……相遇)thebeginning,theworldofbirth.2．(2015·北京高考阅读七选五)Daydreamershaveabadreputationforbeing_unaware_of_(不知道)what'shappeningaroundthem.高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(根据提示翻译句子)1．(2016·江苏高考书面表达)很多人不喜欢别人催促他们给那些他们甚至不在意的比赛进行网上投票。(dislikeit＋从句)Many_people_dislike_it_when_they_are_urged_to_cast_online_votes_for_competitions_that_they_even_don't_care.2．(2009·江苏高考书面表达)对于大多数人来说，没有鼠标操作电脑几乎是不可能的，更不用说上网了。(letalone)For_most_people,_it's_almost_impossible_to_operate_a_computer_without_a_mouse,_let_alone_surf_the_Internet.(二)课堂重点释疑[短语集释]takeup占据(时间或空间)；开始从事；拿起；接受；继续[辨清]　写出下列句中takeup的含义①Areyougoingtotakeupthechallengeoflastingawholeweekwithoutarguing？接受②Theaimwasnottotakeupvaluabletimewiththeusualboringpictures.占据③ShetookupthestorywhereTimhadleftoff.继续④IalwaystakeupthebookandreadwhenIaminlowspirits.拿起⑤Hewilltakeuphispostastheheadofthecivilcourtsattheendofnextmonth.开始从事[记牢]takein　　　　　吸收；领会，理解；欺骗takeback收回(说过的话)；退回(货物)；与……重归于好ntakedown写下；拆除takeon呈现(新面貌)；开始雇用；承担责任[练通]　选用上述短语填空⑥Iwastaken_inbythesalesman—thecarturnedouttobeuneconomicalandunreliable.⑦Wecan'ttake_onanymorework—we'refullystretchedatthemoment.⑧Emersonwouldalwaystake_downnewideasthatoccurredtohim.⑨Hewouldneitherapologizenortake_backwhathehadsaid.[写美]⑩(2011·四川高考书面表达)我认为参加课后活动没有占据太多的时间。I_don't_think_taking_part_in_afterclass_activities_has_taken_up_too_much_time.[句式集释]1．havetrouble(in)doingsth.[教材原句]　Manyforeignershave_trouble_gettingaccustomedtoit.[悟拓展例句](1)Theexpertsaretryingtofindoutthereasonwhymanyteenagershave_trouble_(in)_communicating_withtheirparents.专家们正在努力地弄清楚为什么很多青少年和父母交流有困难。(2)Wheneverwehave_trouble_with_our_studies,_ourteachershelpuspatiently.每逢我们在学习上遇到困难，老师总是耐心辅导。[析用法规则]用法归纳(1)havetrouble(in)doingsth.意为“做某事有困难”，trouble为不可数名词，前面可加修饰词much,little,no等。trouble可换用difficulty(不可数名词)，意思不变。(2)havetrouble/difficultywithsth.“做某事有困难”，后为名词时，前用介词with。注意事项对于句式havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.的考查，常把trouble/difficulty提前，后跟定语从句，省略介词in，导致have与后面的动名词连在一起，做题时要注意辨别。Youcan'timaginewhatgreatdifficultywehaveeverhaddealingwiththeproblems.[背写作佳句]n(1)(2018·浙江高考写作佳句)IcanspeakfluentEnglishandIhavelittletroublecommunicatingwithforeigners.(要点句)(2)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)YoucanturntomewheneveryouhavetroubleinunderstandingTangpoems.(总结句)2．Onereasonwhy...isthat...[教材原句]　One_reason_whytherearesomanyFrenchwordsinEnglishis_thattheFrenchruledEnglandforquiteanumberofyears.[悟拓展例句](1)Thereasonwhyhegotsoangrywasthathefoundhissonlyingtohim.他如此生气的原因是他发现儿子在对他撒谎。(2)Thereasonthat/whichheexplainedatthemeetingwasthathedidn'tcatchthefirstbus.他在会议上解释的理由是他没有赶上早班车。(3)Whydon'tyoubelievethereasonthatmycarwasheldupinthetrafficjam?你为什么不相信我堵车了这个理由呢？[析用法规则]用法归纳(1)reason后的定语从句缺状语，用关系副词why或forwhich引导。(2)reason后的定语从句缺主语或宾语，用关系代词that/which引导。(3)thereason后接同位语从句解释其内容时，引导词用that。注意事项(1)That/This/Itiswhy...“那/这就是……的原因”，why从句表示结果；That/This/Itisbecause...“那/这是因为……”，because从句表示原因。Therewasalotofworktodo.ThatiswhyIdidn'tgotothecinemathatday.有很多工作要做。那就是我那天没去看电影的原因。(2)主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that/which，而不用why或because。[背写作佳句](1)(2016·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)ThereasonwhyIcan'tgotothebookstorewithyouonFridayafternoonisthatIhavetoattendanimportantmeetingthatafternoon.(开头句)(2)(2015·浙江高考写作佳句)ThemainreasonwhyIchoosetogiveitupisthatbeingbroughtupinacultureemphasizingcollectivism,Itendtosacrificemyownninterestforthegroupbenefit.(要点句)[词块、句式过关综合训练]　Ⅰ.选词填空provide...with...,dowithout,takeup,beawareof,letalone,getaccustomedto,showsb.around,besupposedto1．Ihaven'tdecidedonthemenuyet,let_aloneboughtthefood.2．Myclassmatestookthetimetoshowmearoundandintroducesomeoftheirfriendstome.3．Weare_aware_ofthepotentialproblemsandhavetakeneveryprecaution.4．Wehaven'tenoughmoneytobuyanewapartment,sowe'lljusthavetodo_without.5．Hewas_supposed_togohomeafterwork,butanaccidentpreventedhim.6．Thegovernmentwillprovideupto3,000peoplewithtemporaryaccommodation.7．Thoughhavinglivedinthecityforyears,Istilldidn'tget_accustomed_toitsrapidpace.8．Ifthetabletakes_uptoomuchroom,youcanremoveit.Ⅱ.翻译句子1．他没有出席会议的原因是他突然病倒了。(thereasonwhy...isthat...)The_reason_why_he_didn't_attend_the_meeting_was_that_he_fell_ill_suddenly.2．我今天一整天都没见到他，更不用说跟他一起喝酒了。(letalone)I_didn't_see_him_the_whole_day_today,_let_alone_have_a_drink_with_him.3．让我们担心的是，一些学生在适应校园生活时遇到了麻烦。(havetroubleindoing...,adjustto)What_worries_us_is_the_fact_that_some_students_have_trouble_in_adjusting_to_campus_life.4．他没有领会他阅读的东西，因为他的思想在其他事情上。(takein)He_didn't_take_in_what_he_read_because_his_mind_was_on_something_else.5．在我看来，没有人能掌控其他任何人的命运。(havepowerover)In_my_opinion,_nobody_can_have_power_over_anyone_else's_fate.Ⅲ.分步写作假如你叫李华，在光明中学读书，在高中学习英语的过程中遇到一些问题，想得到老师的帮助，并想给班级的英语老师提一些建议，以帮助自己学好英语。下面表格中只给了简单的提示，请你结合自己的实际情况给英语老师写一封求助信。学习英语时遇到的问题生词多，记忆有难度n向英语老师提出的建议介绍一些学习英语的好方法，希望讲课慢一些注意：1.词数100左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头及结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dearteacher，MynameisLiHua.I'mwritingalettertoyoutoaskforyourhelp.　Yours，LiHua第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点本文是书信中的求助信，时态为一般现在时，人称以第一人称为主。文章应分为三个层次：一是点明写信的目的(已给出)；二是陈述遇到的问题；三是阐述想得到的帮助。第二、第三层次的内容可从表格中提炼，遇到的问题：生词多，记忆有难度；想得到的帮助：学习英语的方法，希望讲课慢一些。要点1－①：我在学习英语上遇到了许多困难。(meetwith)I_have_met_with_many_difficulties_in_learning_English.要点1－②：我发现我们的课文满是生词。(fullof)I_find_our_texts_full_of_new_words.要点1－③：这些课文对我来说太长而无法背诵。(too...to,recite)The_texts_are_too_long_for_me_to_recite.要点2－①：我不得不向您寻求帮助。(turntosb.forhelp)I_have_to_turn_to_you_for_some_help.要点2－②：请给我介绍一些学习新单词的好方法。(way)Please_tell_me_some_good_ways_to_learn_new_words.要点2－③：我请求您讲课文更慢一点。(moreslowly)I_beg_you_to_teach_the_text_more_slowly.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼上述要点只是对所给语句的简单翻译，要想写出一篇出色的作文，还要注意内容的充实和语句的锤炼。例如要点1－②可用定语从句表达生词难以背诵；要点2－①用短语facednwith...承上启下，指出寻求帮助的原因；要点2－②与2－③表达请求，寻求老师的帮助，并添加各请求的目的“以便我更容易记住它们”及“大多数学生能很容易地跟上”。拓展1－②：我发现我们的课文满是生词，我很难记住。(定语从句)I_find_our_texts_full_of_new_words_that/which_are_difficult_for_me_to_remember.拓展2－①：因为面对着如此多的困难，我不得不向您寻求帮助。(facedwith...)Faced_with_so_many_difficulties,_I_have_to_turn_to_you_for_some_help.拓展2－②：您能给我介绍一些学习新单词的好方法以便我更容易记住它们吗？(Wouldyouliketo...,sothat)Would_you_like_to_tell_me_some_good_ways_to_learn_new_words_so_that_I_can_remember_them_more_easily?拓展2－③：我请求您讲课文更慢一点，这样大多数学生就能很容易地跟上。(inorderthat)I_beg_you_to_teach_the_text_more_slowly_in_order_that_most_of_the_students_can_easily_follow_you.第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡求助信的开头应该开门见山地指出写信的目的，下面再逐条提出寻求的帮助。如果内容比较多，可使用一些过渡词，如besides,what'smore等来组织要点，使得文章更有层次性。求助信的最后还应该提出自己的期望。Dear_teacher，My_name_is_Li_Hua.I'm_writing_a_letter_to_you_to_ask_for_your_help._I_have_met_with_many_difficulties_in_learning_English._I_find_our_texts_full_of_new_words_that/which_are_very_difficult_for_me_to_remember._Besides,_the_texts_are_too_long_for_me_to_recite._Faced_with_so_many_difficulties,_I_have_to_turn_to_you_for_some_help._Would_you_like_to_tell_me_some_good_ways_to_learn_new_words_so_that_I_can_remember_them_more_easily?_What's_more,_I_beg_you_to_teach_the_text_more_slowly_in_order_that_most_of_the_students_can_easily_follow_you._I'm_sure_that_I_can_make_great_progress_in_my_English_study_with_your_help.Yours，Li_Huan理清句间结构之(一)　总分一般来说，段落的首句常是主题句，起到总领的作用，后面句子是对主题句的论证和分析，有时通过引用一些句子进行说明。利用句子间的这种“总分”关系，可准确解答阅读七选五类题目。[高考典例1]　2018·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读七选五Beforetherewasthewrittenword,therewasthelanguageofdance.Danceexpressesloveandhate,joyandsorrow,lifeanddeath,andeverythingelseinbetween.__36__WedancefromFloridatoAlaska,fromnorthtosouthandseatosea.Wedanceatweddings,birthdays,officepartiesandjusttofillthetime.B．DanceintheU．S.iseverywhere.C．Ifyoulikedancingoutdoors,cometoAmerica.D．Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.E．IkeeppracticingevenwhenI'mextremelytired.F．Dancingseemstochangetheirfeelingcompletely.G．Theystayedupallnightlongsinginganddancing.由位置可知36题为主题句，为总，根据其后的细节支撑句“WedancefromFloridatoAlaska,fromnorthtosouthandseatosea.Wedanceatweddings,birthdays,officepartiesandjusttofillthetime.”可知，舞蹈在美国无处不在。B项符合要求。A.Sowhydowedance?[高考典例2]　2017·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读七选五Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,thekeytoeasymorningwakeupliesinresettingyourbodyclock.__16__Here'showtomakeone.·__17__Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyit'simportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyouareclearaboutyourreasons,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.·Rethinkmornings...·Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends...·Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly...A．Getasleepspecialist.B．Findtherightmotivation.C．Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.nD．Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.E．Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.F．Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwakeuptime,nomattertheday.G．Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.第16题空格前一句为主题句，为总，介绍了早上起床变得简单的关键是重新设置生物钟，后一句为细节支撑句，提出要制定一个调节计划，因此得出第16题的答案为C项。由位置可知17题为主题句，为本题的总；根据后面的细节支撑句“Inordertomakeachange”和“Onceyouareclearaboutyourreasons”可以断定B项为正确答案。[高考典例3]　2016·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读七选五__38__Freshfishshouldsmellsweet:youshouldfeelthatyou'restandingattheocean'sedge.Anyfishyorstrongsmellmeansthefishisn'tfresh.__39(A)__Whenyouhaveboughtafishandarrivehome,you'dbetterstorethefishintherefrigeratorifyoudon'tcookitimmediately,butfreshfishshouldbestoredinyourfridgeforonlyadayortwo.Frozenfishisn'tastastyasthefreshone.B．Theeasiestistosteamit.C．Thisishowyoucandoit.D．Itjustrequiresalittleknowledge.E．Thefishwillgobadwithinhours.F．Whenbuyingfish,youshouldfirstsmellit.G．Thefatsinfisharethoughttohelppreventheartdisease.第38空考查段首主题句。根据段落中提供的细节：围绕如何通过嗅觉来鉴别鱼是否新鲜，由此可以推出F项为本段的主题句，意为“买鱼时应该先闻一闻”。A.Donotbuyit.