2018_2019学年高中英语module5theconquestoftheuniversesectionⅱlanguagepointsⅰ 11页

SectionⅡLanguagePointsⅠ（Introduction&ReadingandVocabulary）　　　　　　　Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Awitness(目击者)isapersonwhoseeswhathappenswithhisorhereyesonthespot.2．Contemporaryarthastakenahugeleap(飞跃)forwardinthelastfiveorsixyears.3．JackieandBencametoajoint(共同的)decisionastowheretheywouldlive.4．Hearingthathissondiedinthefight,heburst(爆发)intotears.5．Thetelevisionwastuned(收看)intoanafternoonsoapoperajustnow.Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．accustomedadj.习惯的→accustomv．使习惯于2．historicadj.历史性的，有重大历史意义的→historicaladj.有关历史的→historyn．历史3．assumev．假定，假设→assumptionn．假想4．patiencen．耐心→patientadj.耐心的5．advancedadj.高级的，先进的→advancev．前进[巧记单词]词根词形变化构词点拨accustomaccustomed动词＋ed构成形容词assumeassumption动词去e加ption构成名词Ⅲ.补全短语1．setfooton　　　　　　　　　踏上2．slowdown减速3．be/becomeaccustomedto习惯于4．beawareof意识到5．makeit做成，成功6．inshock处在震惊中7．inspiteof不管，尽管8．attheverybeginningof...在……一开始的时候1．[教材原句]AmericanNeilArmstrongbecomesthefirstmantosetfootonthemoon.美国人尼尔·阿姆斯特朗是登上月球的第一人。[句型点拨]the＋序数词＋名词＋动词不定式(作定语)。[佳句赏析]他的下个月要出版的第一本书基于一件真事。Hisfirstbooktobepublishednextmonthisbasedonatruestory.2．[教材原句]Millionsofpeoplewatchedthatfirstmoonlandingontelevision,theirheartsintheirmouths,awareofhowdifficultanddangerousanadventureitwas,andwhatriskshadtobetaken.数以百万计的人们在电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼儿，因为他们十分清楚它是多么艰难、多么危险，也知道要冒多么大的风险。[句型点拨]独立主格结构。n[佳句赏析]天空乌云密布，很快就要下雨。Darkcloudsinthesky,itisgoingtorainsoon.3．[教材原句]Anordinaryteacher,ChristaMcAuliffe,37,whowasmarriedwithtwochildren,wastobethefirstcivilianinspace.一位37岁的普通教师克里斯塔·麦奥里菲将要成为第一位进入太空的普通公民，她已经结婚并有两个孩子。[句型点拨]betodosth.结构表示“按照计划或安排将要做某事”。[佳句赏析]他们明天上午十点钟将一起去拜访老师。Theyaretopayavisittotheteachertogetherattentomorrowmorning.4．[教材原句]Theworldwasinshock—maybetheyassumedthisspaceflightwouldbenomoredangerousthangettingonanaeroplane.全世界都震惊了——也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。[句型点拨]no＋比较级＋than“同……一样不……”。[佳句赏析]他与她一样不聪明。Heisnocleverthanher.1．EversinceNeilArmstrongfirstsetfootontheMoonbackon21stJuly,1969,peoplehavebecomeaccustomedtotheideaofspacetravel.(P58)自从尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以来，人们对太空旅行这一概念已经非常熟悉。★accustomedadj.习惯的①Shetookheraccustomedplaceattheendofthetable.她坐在她习惯坐的桌子的那头。(1)beaccustomedto(doing)sth.习惯于做某事(状态)get/becomeaccustomedto(doing)sth.习惯于做某事(动作)(2)accustomvt.使习惯于accustomoneselfto(doing)sth.　　使自己习惯于(做)某事②Shewasapersonaccustomedtohaving(have)eighthours'sleepanight.她是那种习惯每晚睡8小时的人。③Ittookawhileformetoaccustom_myself_toallthenewrulesandregulations.我花了一段时间才逐渐适应了所有新的规章制度。2．Millionsofpeoplewatchedthatfirstmoonlandingontelevision,theirheartsintheirmouths,awareofhowdifficultanddangerousanadventureitwas,andwhatriskshadtobetaken.(P58)数以百万计的人们在电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼儿，因为他们十分清楚它是多么艰难、多么危险，也知道要冒多么大的风险。★theirheartsintheirmouths为独立主格结构，在句中作伴随状语。独立主格结构在形式上不是一个完整的句子，但在语意上相当于一个句子。①Thehunterenteredtheforest,guninhand.那位猎人手里提着枪走进了森林。②Weatherpermitting(permit),wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.n天气允许的话，我们明天去郊游。③Theexperimentdone(do),thestudentswentontotakenotesintheexperimentreport.实验做完了，同学们继续在实验报告上做笔记。3．ButthiswasgoingtobeaspecialflightandsomillionsofpeopletunedintowitnessthetakeoffonTV.(P58)但是这次却将是一次特殊的飞行，因此数百万人打开了电视来一睹这次起飞。★witnessv．目击：亲眼看见；亲身经历n.目击者，见证人，证人①Severalresidentsclaimtohavewitnessedtheattack.几位居民声称目击了这次袭击事件。②Thewitnesswastellingaboutthewholeaccident.目击者正在讲述整个事故的过程。(1)witnesstosth./doingsth.　　　为(做)某事作证(2)be(a)witnessto目睹，能证明bear/givewitnessto为……作证③Hewitnessed_to_having_seenthemanenterthebuilding.他作证看到那个男人进入这栋建筑。④Hisgoodhealthiswitnesstothesuccessofthetreatment.他健康的身体证明这种疗法是成功的。[名师点津]　除了可以用人作主语外，witness还可以用时间或地点作主语，意思为“是……发生的时间或地点；见证”，有此用法的动词还有see。⑤Thelasthalfofthenineteenthcenturywitnessed/sawthesteadyimprovementinthemeansoftravel.十九世纪下半世纪见证了旅行方式的稳定改善。4．Anordinaryteacher,ChristaMcAuliffe,37,whowasmarriedwithtwochildren,wastobethefirstcivilianinspace.(P58)一位37岁的普通教师克里斯塔·麦奥里菲将要成为第一位进入太空的普通公民，她已经结婚并有两个孩子。★wastobe是betodosth.结构，在此处表示“按照计划或安排将要做某事”。①ThetrainistoarriveinShanghaiat1:00pm.火车将于下午一点到达上海。betodosth.的用法还有：(1)表示命令、义务、职责等，可译作“应该，必须”。长辈要求晚辈或上级要求下级做某事时常用这一句型。(2)表示不可避免将要发生的事或命中注定的事。②Youare_to_arrive_at_the_spotbeforefivethisafternoon.你们必须在今天下午五点以前到达现场。③TheinventionoftheInternetis_to_change_the_waywecommunicatewitheachother.因特网的发明注定要改变我们相互交流的方式。[名师点津]　(1)beabouttodo...表示“即将发生的动作”，不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用，常用于beabouttodo...when...，意为“正要做……这时……”。(2)begoingtodo...多用于口语，强调事先打算、计划要做某事或根据某种迹象要发生某事。5．Theworldwasinshock—maybetheyassumedthisspaceflightwouldbenomoredangerousthangettingonanaeroplane.(P58)全世界都震惊了——也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。★assumev．假定，假设；承担，担任；呈现①Iwillassumeresponsibilityforit.我愿为此承担责任。n(1)assumethat...　　　　假定，认为……assume...tobe...认为……如何；假定……如何(2)assumingconj.假如assuming(that)...假设……(3)assumptionn.假想②Wemustassume_him_to_beinnocentuntilheisprovedguilty.尚未证实他有罪，我们就得假定他是清白的。③Assuming(assume)thatyouareright,whatshouldwedonext?假定你是对的，我们下一步该做什么？④Alotofpeoplemaketheassumption(assume)thatpovertyonlyexistsintheThirdWorld.许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。[联想发散]　assuming(that)...相当于一个表示“假设”的条件状语从句。类似的词还有provided,_providing,_supposing等。6．Wedidn'thavemuchpatiencewaitingforthelaunch.(P59)我们急不可待地等待着发射。★patiencen．耐心①Teachingchildrenwithspecialneedsrequirespatienceandunderstanding.教育有特殊需要的儿童需要耐心和理解。(1)beoutofpatiencewith...对……忍无可忍havenopatiencewith对……不能容忍，对……没有耐性havethepatiencetodo...有耐心做……losepatiencewith对……失去耐心withpatience耐心地(2)patientadj.有耐心的bepatientwithsb.对某人有耐心bepatientofsth.忍耐某事②WheneverImademistakes,theteacherpointedthemoutwith_patience.每当我犯错误，老师都是耐心地指出来。③Peoplehave_lost_patience_withtheslowpaceofthereform.人们对改革的缓慢速度已经失去了耐心。④Sheis_very_patient_withyoungchildren,sosheisfitforthejob.她对小孩特别有耐心，因此她适合这份工作。7．Inspiteofallouradvancedtechnology,theworldisstillonlyattheverybeginningofitsvoyageintospace.(P59)尽管我们有先进的技术，但世界仍然只是处在探索太空的初始阶段。★inspiteof不管，尽管①Inspiteofhisage,hestillleadsanbusylife.尽管年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。inspiteof＝despite(＋n./pron./v.ing形式)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　尽管，不管despite/inspiteofthefactthat尽管②Despitetheirobjections,Iwilldoitjustthesame.尽管他们反对，我照样要做。③In_spite_of/Despite_the_fact_that_hehasfailedtheexam,hewillnevergiveup.尽管他考试没有及格，但他不会气馁的。[名师点津]　inspiteof相当于despite(较正式)，表示“不管，尽管”，侧重指客观情况；regardlessof表示“不管，不顾”，侧重于主观上的“不考虑”[联想发散]　“in＋n.＋of”构成的词组常见的还有：n①incaseof　　　　　　　　如果，假使②intermsof谈及，在……方面③inchargeof负责，掌管④infavourof支持，赞同⑤inhonorof为向……表示敬意⑥inplaceof代替⑦inviewof鉴于，考虑到⑧insearchof寻找★advancedadj.高级的；先进的④Thegovernmentispromotingtheadvancededucation.政府正在推进高等教育。advancev．　　　　　推动，促进；提前　n.前进，进展，进步inadvance提前，预先inadvanceof(发展上)超前⑤Sciencehasmadegreatadvancesduringthelastfiftyyears.科学在过去五十年内有很大的进步。⑥It'sunwisetospendyourincomein_advance.把你的收入预先花掉是不明智的。⑦Hisideawaswellin_advance_oftheageinwhichhelived.他的思想远远超出了他所生活的年代。8．toburstwithalotofforceandloudnoise(P59)伴随着强大的威力和巨响爆炸★burstv．爆炸，破裂n.爆炸；爆发①Ifyoublowthatballoonupanymore,itwillburst.如果你再吹那气球，它就要破了。②Therewasaburstoflaughterinthenextroom.隔壁房间里突然传出一阵笑声。burstin　　　　　突然进入(房间等)burstinto＋n.burstoutdoing突然做某事③ThedooropenedandMrs.Pageburst_intotheroom.门开了，佩奇太太冲进了房间。④Everyoneburstoutlaughing(laugh)whilethelittleboyburstintotears(tear)．大家突然大笑起来，但小男孩却哭了。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Accustomed(accustom)tolivinginthecountryside,Mr.Kingfoundithardtoliveinthecity.2．Youareto_take(take)theresponsibilityforthemistake.n3．Thesecalculationarebasedontheassumption(assume)thatpriceswillcontinuetorise.4．Thisrequiresalotofpracticeandpatience(patient)．5．Theareaisofspecialhistoric(history)interest.6．Theprofessorusuallygivesanoutlineofwhatheistotouchonattheverybeginningofthelecture.7．Thisadvanced(advance)methodhasbeenintroducedineveryfactory.8．ThecarssloweddownastheypassedCustoms.9．Thesecondcountryto_send(send)amanintospacewasAmerica.10．Thelittleboystoodoutsidethesupermarket,eyes_fixed(fix)onthetoys.11．Hearingourheadmasterwasinjured,wewereinshock.12．Thoughhehadtriedtoclimbtothetopofthemountainseveraltimes,hedidn'tmakeit.13．Beingawareofyourownweaknessesisprobablythekeytosuccess.14．Onewitnesstotheaccidentsaidthedriverappearedtobedrunk.15．Theaudienceburstintocheerswhenthefilmstarappeared.Ⅱ.完成句子1．他同我一样根本不适合当牧师。Heisno_more_fittobeapriestthanIam.2．你若预先通知我，我就能给您准备好了。Ifyouwarnmein_advance,_Iwillhaveyourorderreadyforyou.3．很多人不习惯没有手机的生活。Manypeopleare_not_accustomed_tolivingwithoutmobilephones.4．在这一学期的一开始，他就对足球表现出极大的兴趣。At_the_very_beginning_ofthisterm,heshowedgreatinterestinfootball.5．未经警方允许，任何人不得擅自离开这座房子。Nooneisto_leave_this_buildingwithoutthepermissionofthepolice.Ⅲ.一句多译1．尽管背景不同，但他们相处得非常好。①Theygotonwellwitheachotherin_spite_of/despitetheirdifferentbackgrounds.②Theygotonwellwitheachotheralthough/thoughtheyhavedifferentbackgrounds.2．假定这个建议被采纳，我们什么时候能拿到钱？①Assuming(that)theproposalisaccepted,whenarewegoingtogetthemoney？(assume)②Suppose/Supposing(that)theproposalisaccepted,whenarewegoingtogetthemoney？(suppose)③Providing/Provided(that)theproposalisaccepted,whenarewegoingtogetthemoney？(provide)Ⅳ.课文缩写语法填空EversinceNeilArmstrongfirstsetfootonthemoonbackon21stJuly,1969,people1.have_become(become)accustomedtotheideaofspacetravel.Millionsofpeoplewatchedthatfirstmoon2.landing(land)ontelevision,theirheartsintheirmouths,awareofhowdifficultanddangerousanadventureitwas,andwhatriskshadto3.be_taken(take)．WithArmstrong'sfamouswords：“That'sonesmallstepforman,onegiantleapformankind”，adream4.was_achieved(achieve)．Later,peoplewerenolongerenthusiastic5.aboutaspacetravelprogrammebecauseofitshighcost.ThefirstshuttleflightintospacewastheColumbia—6.launched(launch)fromtheKennedySpaceCentreon12thApril,1981,7.whichwasthestartofanewageofspacetravel.In1986,theChallengercarryingthefirstncivilian,Christa,whohopedcommunicateasenseof8.excitement(excite)andcreatenewinterestinthespaceprogramme,exploitedjustoveroneminuteaftertakingoffinFloridaandallsevenastronauts9.were_killed(kill).Itwas10.theworstspaceaccidentever.[对应学生课下能力提升(十八)]Ⅰ.根据提示写出单词的正确形式1．Astheeconomydevelops,thenaturalincomegoesupwithaleap(飞跃)．2．Theseforeignershaveputforwardaproposalforajoint(联合的)venture.3．Theword“explode”means“toburst(爆炸)withalotofforceandloudnoise”．4．Willyouactaswitness(见证人)totheagreementbetweenus?5．Over3millionviewerstune(收看)intoourshowdaily.6．Heisfamiliarwithalltheimportanthistoric(history)events.7．TheancientEgyptianshadadvanced(advance)civilizations.8．Afterwaitingforanhour,Iwasbeginningtorunoutofpatience(patient)．9．Notaccustomed(accustom)toassociatingwithbusinesspeople,shedecidedtobeateacheraftergraduation.10．Howcouldyoumakeanassumption(assume)aboutherwithoutmeetingher?Ⅱ.选词填空attheverybeginningof，setfooton，beaccustomedto，eversince，inshock，beawareof，inspiteof，makeit1．Ihaven'theardfromhimever_sincelastyear.2．Everybodyis_aware_oftheimportanceoftheskill.3．Theyelectedhimmonitorat_the_very_beginning_oftheterm.4．Heremainsexcellentinhisstudiesatschoolin_spite_ofhavingtodoparttimejobseverynowandthen.5．Sinceentryintohighschoolthestudentshavebeen_accustomed_tostayinguplateintheeveningandgettingupearlyinthemorning.6．Workhard,andyou'llmake_iteventually.7．Hewasstillin_shockfromwhathadhappenedearlierintheafternoon.8．Nobodyhaseverset_foot_onthatisland.Ⅲ.完成句子1．她一听到这个悲伤的消息，就失声痛哭起来。Scarcelyhadsheheardthesadnewswhensheburst_out_crying/burst_into_tears.2．两个故事我都不喜欢，因为这个故事并不比那个故事有趣。Ilikeneitherofthetwostories.Forthisstoryisno_more_interesting_thanthatone.3．我习惯于在睡觉前听一些轻音乐。Iam_accustomed_to_listening_tosomelightmusic.4．他夹着一大本书，走出了图书馆。Hecameoutofthelibrary,a_large_book_under_his_arm.5．你的作业下周一必须上交。Yourhomeworkis_to_be_handed_innextMonday.Ⅳ.阅读理解AnSaturn'sicymoonEnceladuscouldtheoreticallybehometomethaneproducing(产甲烷的)alienlife,NASAsaid.Researchersmadetheannouncementbasedondatafrom2015,whenthespacecraftCassinidetectedthepresenceofhydrogenduringaflightthroughacloudofgasandiceeruptingfromEnceladus'southpole.Thehydrogencouldbeasignofmethanogenesis,aformofbreathinwhichmicrobes(微生物)producemethane.ThisisaverysignificantfindingbecausethehydrogencouldbeapotentialsourceofchemicalenergyforanymicrobesthatmightbeinEnceladus'ocean，”LindaSpilker,ascientistatNASA'sJetPropulsionLaboratory,saidatapressconference.“WenowknowthatEnceladushasalmostalloftheingredientsyouwouldneedtosupportlifeasweknowitonEarth.”ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalScience.“Thisistheclosestwe'vecome,sofar,toidentifyingaplacewithsomeoftheingredientsneededforahabitableenvironment，”ThomasZurbuchen,associateadministratorforNASA'sScienceMissionDirectorate,saidinastatement.“TheseresultsdemonstratethenatureofNASA'ssciencemissionsthataregettingusclosertoansweringwhetherweareindeedaloneornot.”NASAalsoannouncedthattheHubbleSpaceTelescopeobservedwhatmayhavebeenwatervaporemergingfromthesurfaceofJupiter'smoonEuropain2014,andagainaroundthesameareain2016.ConfirmingtheexistenceofEuropa'sgaswouldallowresearcherstostudythatmoon'schemicalmakeupwithouthavingtodigthroughmilesoficycrust(表面).TheCassiniandHubblediscoveriesrelatedtothese“oceanworlds”willhelpscientistsplanNASA'sEuropaClippermission,settolaunchinthe2020s.TheplanisfortheunmannedspacecrafttoorbitJupiterandperformadetailedinvestigationofEuropa.“Thesediscoveriesarecomingjustattheperfecttime，”JimGreen,directorofNASA'sPlanetaryScienceDivision,said.“Itenablesustomaketherightsetofobservationsthatcantellusmuchmoreabouttheseoceanworlds,Europainparticular.”1．Thenewdiscoverymadethescientistsfeelmore________.A．confident　　　　　　　B．doubtfulC．worriedD．confused解析：选A　细节理解题。由第二段中的“Thisisaverysignificantfinding”，第三段中的“Thisistheclosestwe'vecome”及最后一段中的“Thesediscoveriesarecomingjustattheperfecttime”可知，新的发现让科学家们对探测外星生命的任务更加有信心。2．Accordingtothetext,NASA'ssciencemissionsaimto________.A．makespacetravelarealityB．analyzeJupiter'schemicalmakeupC．findoutwhetherlifeexistsoutsideEarthD．exploretheresourcesonSaturn'sicymoon解析：选C　细节理解题。由第三段中的“TheseresultsdemonstratethenatureofNASA'ssciencemissionsthataregettingusclosertoansweringwhetherweareindeedaloneornot”可知，NASA科学任务的本质是弄清是否只有地球上存在生命。3．Whichwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ThereislifeoutsideEarthB．EnceladuscouldharboralienlifeC．AnewstudyaboutSaturnbeginsD．NASAisplanningalandingonJupitern解析：选B　标题归纳题。本文重点在于告诉我们最近发现土卫二南极有氢气，这个迹象可能是外星生命存在的证明。故B项最适合作文章标题。BTheoddnessoflifeinspaceneverquitegoesaway.Herearesomeexamples.Firstconsidersomethingassimpleassleep.Itspositionpresentsitsownchallenges.Themainquestioniswhetheryouwantyourarmsinsideoroutsidethesleepingbag.Ifyouleaveyourarmsout,theyfloatfreeinzerogravity,oftengivingasleepingastronautthelookofafunnyballet(芭蕾)dancer.“I'maninsideguy，”MikeHopkinssays,whoreturnedfromasixmonthtourontheInternationalSpaceStation.“Iliketobewrappedup.”Onthestation,theordinarybecomesstrange.TheexercisebikefortheAmericanastronautshasnohandlebars.Italsohasnoseat.Withnogravity,it'sjustaseasytopedalviolently.Youcanwatchamoviewhileyoupedalbyfloatingamicrocomputeranywhereyouwant.Butstationresidentshavetobecarefulaboutstayinginoneplacetoolong.Withoutgravitytohelpcirculateair,thecarbondioxideyouexhale(呼气)hasatendencytoformaninvisible(隐形的)cloudaroundyourhead.Youcanendupwithwhatastronautscallacarbondioxideheadache.LeroyChiao,54,anAmericanretiredastronautafterfourflights,describeswhathappensevenbeforeyoufloatoutofyourseat.“Yourinnerearthinksyou'refalling.Meanwhileyoureyesaretellingyouyou'restandingstraight.Thatcanbeannoying—that'swhysomepeoplefeelsick.”Withinacoupleofdays—trulyterribledaysforsome—astronauts'brainslearntoignorethepanickysignalsfromtheinnerear,andspacesicknessdisappears.Spacetravelcanbesodelightfulbutatthesametimeinvisiblydangerous.Forinstance,astronautslosebonemass.That'swhyexerciseisconsideredsovitalthatNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)putsitrightontheworkdayschedule.Thefocusonfitnessisasmuchaboutscienceandthefutureasitisaboutkeepinganyindividualastronauthealthy.NASAisworriedabouttwothings:recoverytimeonceastronautsreturnhome,and,moreimportantly,howtomaintainstrengthandfitnessforthetwoandahalfyearsormorethatitwouldtaketomakearoundtriptoMars.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在太空中的生活有多神秘？这可能是你想象不到的。本文从不同角度介绍了在太空中生活时你要面对的各种挑战。4．Whatisthemajorchallengetoastronautswhentheysleepinspace?A．Decidingonapropersleepposition.B．Choosingacomfortablesleepingbag.C．Seekingawaytofallasleepquickly.D．Findingarighttimetogotosleep.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Itspositionpresentsitsownchallenges.”可知合适的睡觉姿势对于太空中的宇航员是主要的挑战。5．Theastronautswillsufferfromacarbondioxideheadachewhen________.A．theycirclearoundontheirbikesB．theyusemicrocomputerswithoutastopC．theyexerciseinoneplaceforalongtimeD．theywatchamoviewhilepedaling解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后三句可知在一个地方时间太长就会引起头疼。6．Someastronautsfeelsickonthestationduringthefirstfewdaysbecause________.A．theirsensesstopworkingB．theyhavetostandupstraightnC．theyfloatoutoftheirseatsunexpectedlyD．theirbrainsreceivecontradictorymessages解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段的“Yourinnerearthinksyou'refalling.Meanwhileyoureyesaretellingyouyou'restandingstraight.Thatcanbeannoying—that'swhysomepeoplefeelsick.”可以推知由于他们的大脑接受到相反的信息而引起了他们的恶心。7．OneofNASA'smajorconcernsaboutastronautsis________.A．howmuchexercisetheydoonthestationB．howtheycanremainhealthyforlonginspaceC．whethertheycanrecoverafterreturninghomeD．whethertheyareabletogobacktothestation解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知NASA关心他们如何在太空中长时间保持健康。Ⅴ.阅读七选五FivesimplethingsthatareactuallycomplexTheprooffor“1＋1＝2”is300pageslong__1__Intheearly20thcentury,BertrandRussellwantedtoprovethatmathematicsworked,sohedecidedtostartwiththesimplestconceptandprove1＋1＝2.However,ittookthemathematicianandphilosopher372pagesofcomplexsums.Definingtheword“the”isreallydifficultTheword“the”isoneofthemostcommonwordsinEnglish.__2__Forexample,whydowesay,“Ihavetheflu，”butnot“Ihavetheheadache？”IntheOxfordEnglishDictionary,therearealmosttwodozendifferentwaysthewordcanbeusedinasentencecorrectly.YawningSomepeoplesayweyawntokeepusalert(警觉的)bytakinginoxygen.However,variousexperimentshaveshownthatyawningactuallycoolsdownthebrain.__3__Asforwhyyawningiscontagious(感染性的),nooneknowsthateither.LeftandrighthavebeenconfusingphilosophersforyearsWouldyouexplaintheconceptofleftandrightintermsofyourrelativepositiontoawellknownlandmark(地标性建筑)?__4__It'saquestionthathasbeenpuzzlingphilosophersforyearsbecause,withoutapointofreference,it'sdifficulttodefinewhatleftandrightactuallyare.__5__You'dthinkthatthereasonweenjoythingsisbecauseitfeelsgoodinsomeway,butit'sonlyhalfthestory.There'safamousexperimentwherewineexpertswerefooledintothinkingacheapbottleofwinewasanoutstandingonejustbyswitchingthelabels.Theirenjoymentoftheproductwasn'tbasedonappreciationofwine—itwasbasedonthefactthattheyweretolditwasgoodwine.A．WhatyoufeelmaynotbethetruthB．WeenjoythingsforreasonsotherthanenjoymentC．Butwhatifyouweretalkingtoonewhocouldn'tsee?D．Weallknowthatoneplusoneequalstwo,butdoyouknowwhy?E．Infact,thereisnouniversallyagreedtheoryforwhyweactuallyyawn.F．Maybeyou'drefertothemoveoftheEarthorsomethingcomparablyhuge.G．Mostofushaveprobablyneverstoppedtothinkabouthowstrangeaworditactuallyis.n1．解析：选D　根据本段标题可知，本段是介绍“关于1＋1＝2的论证有300多页”。D项中的oneplusoneequalstwo符合本段内容。2．解析：选G　根据本空后的例子可知，同样是在说生病，但是有的时候用the，有的时候不用the，所以说the“这个词实际上非常奇怪”，只是因为它太常见了，所以“大部分人从来没想过这回事”。3．解析：选E　本空前两句分别介绍了关于打哈欠的两种不同理论，由此可推测“实际上，关于我们为什么打哈欠现在还没有一个一致同意的理论”。本空后一句中的nooneknowsthateither也提示了大家还不知道为什么会打哈欠、打哈欠为什么会传染。4．解析：选C　根据本空前的内容可知，我们有时会以自己与某一地标性建筑的相对位置来定义左右，“但是如果我们是与一个盲人交谈呢”，又该如何定义左右呢？这也是为什么如何定义左右困扰了哲学家很多年。5．解析：选B　根据本段列举的例子及最后一句“Theirenjoymentoftheproductwasn'tbasedonappreciationofwine－itwasbasedonthefactthattheyweretolditwasgoodwine”可知，“我们喜欢一样东西不是因为它能带给我们愉悦，而是因为其他的原因”。Ⅵ.课时微写作(根据汉语提示完成小作文)①At_the_very_beginning_of(在……一开始时)the1950s,China②set_out_to_explore(着手探索)space.In2008whenmillionsofpeople③tuned_in_to_witness(收看节目来见证)Chinesefirstspacewalk,they④burst_into_cheers(突然欢呼起来)．Itwasacknowledgedas⑤a_historic_event(历史事件),whichwas⑥a_big_leap(一次大的飞跃)inthehistoryofspaceexplorationinChina.Atthesametime,ChinabeganitslunarexplorationprogramandChina⑦made_it(做到了).⑧In_spite_of(尽管)ourgreatachievements,weoughttobemodestandworkharder.