2018_2019学年高中英语module2therenaissancesectionⅰ 9页

Module2TheRenaissanceTheRenaissancewasaculturalmovementthatprofoundlyinfluencedEuropeanintellectuallifeintheearlymodernperiod.BeginninginItalyandspreadingtotherestofEuropebythe16thcentury,itsinfluencewasfeltinliterature,philosophy,art,music,politics,science,religionandotheraspectsofintellectualinquiry.Renaissancescholarsemployedthehumanistmethodinstudyandsearchedforrealismandhumanemotioninart.ItisintheirnewfocusonliteraryandhistoricaltextsthatRenaissancescholarsdifferedsogreatlyfromthemedievalscholarsoftheRenaissanceofthe12thcentury,whohadfocusedonstudyingGreekandArabicworksofnaturalsciences,philosophyandmathematics,ratherthanonsuchculturaltexts.Inall,theRenaissancecouldbeviewedasanattemptbyintellectualstostudyandimprovethesecular,boththroughtherevivalofideasfromantiquity,andthroughnovelapproachestothought.,[阅读障碍词]intellectualadj.智力的；聪明的n.知识分子inquiryn．探究；调查secularadj.世俗的antiquityn．古代(尤指古希腊和古罗马时期　　Ⅰ.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.1．disturbing　　　　A．作品2．subjectB．新领域3．dullC．激发，激励n4．basicallyD．透视(画)法；透视效果；透视感5．workE．效果；作用6．effectF．坦克7．shadeG．(绘画，摄影等的)主题8．frontierH．基本上，本质上，大致说来9．perspectiveI．(文艺的)复兴10．motivateJ．枯燥的；沉闷的11．skilledK．中世纪的12．tankL．(图画等中的)阴影；阴暗部分13．parachuteM．有技巧的，熟练的14．renaissanceN．降落伞15．medievalO．引起烦恼的；令人不安的答案：1～5　OGJHA　6～10　ELBDC　11～15　MFNIKⅡ.Writedownthemeaningofphrasesineachsentence.1．Isawthemwalkinghandinhandthroughthetowntheotherday._手牵手2．Comparedwith/tocars,bicycleshavemanyadvantages.与……相比3．Imethimatthecinemaforthefirsttime.第一次4．Hewenttothepartyaswellashissister.也；不仅……而且……5．Inshort,finishingthejobisnotsoeasyasyoumaythink.总之，简言之6．Herwordswillimpressthemselvesonmymemoryforalltime.永远7．Ihavetowakeupat6amforIhavealotofthingstodo.醒来，唤醒8．Theyellowcurtainscontrastwiththebluebedcover.与……形成对照1．Lookatthefollowingpictures,andmatchthepictureswiththenames.Whichhistoryperioddotheybelongto?a.WilliamShakespeare　　　　b．DanteAlighieric．LeonardodaVincid．VanGoghTheybelongtotheperiodof________.答案：①～④　cdba；　theRenaissance2．TheRenaissanceisconsideredasanimportantchapterinEuropeanhistory.Doyouknowthereasons?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：①DuringtheRenaissance,newideasandvaluesreplacedthoseheldintheMiddleAges.②Therearemanypoetsandartistsinthisperiod,suchasDante,LeonardodaVinci,Raphael,andsoon.③TheeffectsoftheRenaissancearelonglasting,andithasaffectedmanygenerations.Ⅰ.FastreadingMatchthefollowingparagraphswiththeirmainideas.①Para.1　A．TheimplicationoftheRenaissance.n②Para.2　B．Trade—onefactoroftheRenaissance.③Para.3　C．Achangeinideasaboutreligion.④Para.4　D．TheintroductionoftheMonaLisa.⑤Para.5　E．SomethingLeonardodidasaskilledinventor.⑥Para.6　F．Leonardo'sinfluenceonhistory.⑦Para.7　G．Thenewideasonpainting,musicandarchitecture.答案：①～⑦　DABGCEFⅡ.CarefulreadingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．WhichofthefollowingofferedasolidfoundationforthebirthoftheRenaissance?A．People'shardlife.B．Welldevelopededucation.C．Humanrights.D．ThedevelopmentofEuropeaneconomy.2．TheRenaissance________.A．isnomorethantheMonaLisaB．meansthedevelopmentinartsatthattimeC．gotitsnamefromanEnglishwordD．spreadfromGermanytoFrance3．Howwasphilosophyatthattimedifferentfromthatbefore?A．Philosophersputreligionatthecentreoftheuniverse.B．Philosophersputpeopleatthecentreoftheuniverse.C．Philosophersthoughthumanlifewasoflittlevalue.D．PhilosophersthoughtGodwasgreat.4．PeoplethinkLeonardowasanextraordinarygeniusaswellasagreatartistbecause________.A．hewasemployedbytheKingofFrancetodoscientificresearchB．hediscoveredhowtouseperspectiveandtheeffectsoflightC．hewasinterestedineverythingandhadmanydifferenttalentsD．healwaystookanotebookwithhim,inwhichhewrotedownhisideas答案：1～4　DABCⅢ.StudyreadingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Whereverhewent,hecarriedanotebookaroundwithhim,inwhichhewrotedownhisideas.[句式分析][尝试翻译]　不管走到哪里，他都随身携带一个笔记本，以便随时记录下自己的想法。2．Theyincludeddetaileddrawingsofthehumanbody,plansforengineerstobuildcanalsandbridges,andastonishingdrawingsofmachineswhichwerenottobebuiltuntilhundredsofyearslater,suchasaeroplanes,parachutes,submarinesandtanks.[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句；主句中they是主语，detaileddrawingsofthehumanbody,plansforengineerstobuildcanalsandbridges,andastonishingdrawingsofmachines是宾语；which引导定语从句修饰先行词machines。n[尝试翻译]　它们(这些想法)包括细致的人体素描、供工程师建造运河和桥梁的设计以及一些令人震惊的机械制图，这些直到几百年后才被制造出来，例如飞机、降落伞、潜水艇和坦克。[对应学生课下能力提升(五)]阅读理解AInthelaterhalfofthe13thcentury,anewtrendoffineartsappearedinthecentralpartofItalywithFlorenceasitscentre,representingthechangefromfineartsofMiddleAgestoRenaissanceart.Atthattime,Florenceschoolbecamethemainstreamoffinearts.The14thcenturysawthebirthofagreatartist—Giotto.HisartboreastrikingtendencyofRealism.FormostpeopleGiotto_is_the_first_name_in_European_painting_since_antiquity_(古代)．Thathehadbreathedfreshlifeintopaintingwasrecognisedbypeopleoftheday,andlaterbyGhibertiandVasari.BeforeGiotto,paintingwasstillconsidereda“mechanical”art.GiottocametooccupyapositionofgreatrespectinFlorence.ThoughhewasemployedbytheBardiandPeruzzifamilies,ownersofthemostimportantEuropeanbankinghousesoftheday,heneverlimitedhisactivitytoFlorence,andprestigious(声望很高的)commissioninotherpartsofItalykepthimonthemovefrequently.AtatimewhenItaly'sflourishingeconomymadeeveryItaliancityanindependentculturalandartisticcentre,Giottowentbeyondregionalbarriersandtheeffectofhisartwasfeltthroughoutthepeninsula(半岛)．InhislifetimeGiottohasraisedpaintingtoaprestigiouslevelamongthearts,tosuchahighlevelthatitinfluencedsculpture.ItalianpaintingcanbesaidtohavechangedgreatlywiththeappearanceofGiottothaneverbefore.ThemotivationGiottogavetotheartswassogreatthatitdeterminedthefateofEuropeanpainting.BythemiddleofthefourteenthcenturyEuropehadalreadybecomeawareofGiotto'snewideas,whichagreedwiththegrowingseculartendencyinEuropeansociety.语篇解读：乔托，意大利杰出的画家，被认定是意大利文艺复兴时期的开创者，被誉为“欧洲绘画之父”。1．Beforethelaterhalfofthe13thcentury________.A．fineartsofMiddleAgeswasthemainstreamB．RenaissanceartwasthemainstreamC．FlorenceschoolbegantodisappearD．Giottobecameagreatartist解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，13世纪后半期，美术发生了很大的变化，从中世纪美术向文艺复兴美术转变。由此可判断出在13世纪前半期，中世纪美术为主流。故答案为A。2．Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“GiottoisthefirstnameinEuropeanpaintingsinceantiquity”inParagraph2?A．Giottoistheartist'sfirstname.B．GiottoisthemanwhostartedEuropeanpainting.C．GiottoisthemostimportantpainterinEuropesinceantiquity.nD．GiottoisthenameofamostfamousEuropeanpainting.解析：选C　句意理解题。从第二段看出，本段讲述这位艺术家的巨大成就，而题目中的这句话正好支持这段的主题。所以这句话就是为了表明他在绘画界的地位。3．Fromthethirdparagraphwecanlearn________.A．Giottothoughtpaintingwasa“mechanical”artB．Giottodidn'tgetgreatrespectinFlorenceC．GiottoownedEuropeanbankinghousesD．Giotto'sartaffectedthewholeItaly解析：选D　细节理解题。根据本段最后一句话“...theeffectofhisartwasfeltthroughoutthepeninsula(半岛)”可知，他的艺术作品影响了整个意大利半岛。4．Themainthemeofthepassageprobablyis________.A．theRenaissanceinItalyB．Giotto,agreatartistC．FlorenceschoolD．fineartsofMiddleAges解析：选B　主旨大意题。纵览全文可以看出本文是一篇人物介绍的文章，所以主题应是B项“乔托——一位伟大的艺术家”。BThelate,greatproducerPhilRamoneworkedwithmanyfamouspopularsingers.However,oneofhisalbumsisalittledifferent.It'sclassicalmusic,madeforchildren.“Heactuallystartedasachildviolinist，”saidMarcNeikrug,afamousclassicalcomposerwhoworkedtogetherwithRamoneonthealbum,“SunkenCathedrals，”afterbeingintroducedbyRockPositano,adoctorwithaspecialinterestinmusic'svaluetomedicine.“Thethreeofusallwanttopromoteclassicalmusictochildren.”Inthedigitalagewhenchildrendevelopsurroundedbyconstantdistractions(使人分心的事物),however,Neikrugseesaveryparticularvalueinclassicalmusic.“I'mconcernedaboutaworldinwhichthereisanalmostaggressivemovetolowerpeople'sattentionspans(持续时间)，”hesaid.“That'sterrifying.Howdoyouevenabsorbandlearnthings?Howdoyouexpectkidstodowellinschool？”“Ithinkit'sreallyimportanttoletkidsbuildsomekindofabilitytofocus，”Neikrugsaid.“Greatmusiccandothat,becauseyou'redrawnintowhatyou'relisteningto.Atwoorthreeminutemusicmaynotseemsolongtoconcentrateon,butit'sagoodattentionspanforkids，”hesaid.“Wepickedthepiecesverydeliberatelytobenottoolong.”Allofthepiecesonthetwopartalbumareunadapted,completeworksofclassicalmusic.“Phil,Dr.RockandIwereallcompletelyconvincedthatweneedlittle,short,beautifulpiecesforkids.Theyhappentobereallygoodforadultstoo，”hepointedout,thoughthewords“ClassicsforKids”onthecovermightscaresomegrownpeopleoff.Thisdoesn'tmeanyoushouldtossallofyourpopularmusicalbumsawayortrashallthescreendevices(设备)inyourhome.“I'mnotanadvocatefordisregardingtherealityoflivinginthisworld，”Neikrugsaid.“Iwouldsaysomeonewhogrowsupabletofocusforanhourandequallyabletousethesmartphonewithonehand,isfine.”语篇解读：本文是议论文。Neikrug与Ramone合作制作了一张儿童古典音乐专辑，他认为古典音乐能帮助孩子们培养专注力。5．WhatdidMarcNeikrugandRockPositanohaveincommon?A．Theyhadthesamecareer.B．Theyhadthesameinterest.nC．Theyhadthesamecircleoffriends.D．Theyhadthesamenumberofchildren.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“MarcNeikrug,afamousclassicalcomposer”和“RockPositano,adoctorwithaspecialinterestinmusic'svaluetomedicine.‘Thethreeofusallwanttopromoteclassicalmusictochildren.’”可知，MarcNeikrug和RockPositano都对音乐感兴趣，致力于让孩子从小就听古典音乐。6．WhatwasNeikrugworriedabout?A．People'sdecreasingattentionspans.B．Peoplebecomingtooaggressive.C．People'slowlearningability.D．Peoplelosingfaithinschool.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I'mconcernedaboutaworldinwhichthereisanalmostaggressivemovetolowerpeople'sattentionspans(持续时间)”可知，当今世界让人们的持续关注时间不断减少，Neikrug对此表示担忧。7．WhydidRamoneandNeikrugselectshortpiecesforthealbum?A．Toattractdistractedadults.B．Becauseoftheirownpreference.C．Toincludemorepiecesinthealbum.D．Becauseofkids'mentalcharacteristics.解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“...‘Atwoorthreeminutemusicmaynotseemsolongtoconcentrateon,butit'sagoodattentionspanforkids，’hesaid.‘Wepickedthepiecesverydeliberatelytobenottoolong.’”可知，由于孩子的持续关注时间很短，所以Ramone和Neikrug专门选短小的曲子迎合孩子们的心智特征。8．Whatdoesthetextwanttotellus?A．Popularmusicproducersturnedtoclassicalmusic.B．Classicalmusiccancoexistwithdigitaldevices.C．It'snevertoolatetolistentoclassicalmusic.D．Kidscanbenefitfromclassicalmusic.解析：选D　主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“‘Ithinkit'sreallyimportanttoletkidsbuildsomekindofabilitytofocus，’Neikrugsaid.‘Greatmusiccandothat,becauseyou'redrawnintowhatyou'relisteningto...”可以看出，Neikrug认为古典音乐能帮助孩子们培养专注力，这也是他与Ramone合作制作儿童古典音乐专辑的原因。CThemedieval(中世纪的)artistsdidn'tknowaboutperspective;theydidn'twanttomaketheirpeoplelooklikerealindividualpeopleinarealindividualscene.Theywantedtoshowthetruth,theeternal(永恒的)qualityoftheirreligiousstories.Sotheseartistsdidn'tneedtoknowaboutperspective.IntheEuropeanRenaissanceperiod,artistswantedtoshowtheimportanceoftheindividualpersonandhisorherpossessionsandsurroundings.Aflatmedievalstylecouldn'tshowthislevelofrealityandtheartistsneededanewtechnique.ItwastheItalianartistBrunelleschiwhodiscoveredthetechniqueofperspectivedrawing.AtfirsttheartistsoftheRenaissanceonlyhadasinglepointperspective.Latertheyrealizedthattheycouldhavetwopointperspectiveandstilllatermultipointperspective.Withtwopointperspectivetheycouldturnanobject(likeabuilding)atanangletothepictureanddrawtwosidesofit.Thetechniqueofperspectivewhichseemssonaturaltousnowisaninventedtechnique,apartofthe“grammarofpainting”．Likeallbitsofgrammarthereareexceptionsaboutperspective.Forexample,onlyverticalandhorizontalsurfacesseemtomeetoneyelevel.Slopingrooftopsdon'tmeetoneyelevel.nFor500years,artistsinEuropemadeuseofperspectivedrawingintheirpictures.Nevertheless,therearearangeofpriorities(优先顺序)thatartistsindisplayingindividualstyles.Crivelliwantedtoshowdepthinhispictureandheusedasimplesinglepointperspective.Cezannealwaystalkedaboutspaceandvolume.VanGogh,likesomeoftheotherpaintersoftheImpressionistperiod,wasinterestedinJapaneseprints.AndJapaneseartistsuntilthiscenturywerealwaysverystrongdesignersof“flat”pictures.Picassocertainlymadepictureswhichhavevolumeanddepth.However,hewantedtokeepoureyesonthesurfaceandtoremindusthathispaintingsarepaintingsandnotillusions(幻觉)．Itistechnicallyeasytogiveanillusionofdepth.However,astrongtwodimensionaldesignisjustasimportantasafeelingofdepth,andperhapsmoreimportant.9．Thepassagemainlydiscusses________.A．thedifferencebetweenmedievalandRenaissanceartB．howthetechniqueofperspectiveinfluencedthemodernartC．thediscoveryofthetechniqueofperspectiveD．thecontributionsofRenaissanceartists解析：选B　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了文艺复兴时期出现的透视绘画技巧及其对现代艺术的影响。10．Accordingtothepassage,whichmaybethemainconcernformedievalartists?A．Theindividualpersonandhis/herpossessionsandsurroundings.B．Realpeople,realscenes.C．Eternaltimelesstruthoftheearth.D．Themesofreligiousstories.解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知中世纪的艺术家们主要从事与宗教故事有关的绘画。11．What'stheauthor'spurposeofgivingtheexampleinPara.3?A．Toexplainhowperspectiveworkinpainting.B．Tosupporttwopointperspective.C．Toshowthatthereareexceptionsaboutperspective.D．Topointoutthatthetechniqueofperspectiveisaninventedtechnique.解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段可知透视法有例外之处，后面的例子就是为了说明这些例外之处。因此选C项。12．ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatRenaissanceartists________.A．welcomedthemedievalstyleofeternaltruthB．neededtodevelopanewapproachtowardspaintingtoshowanewlevelofrealityC．wereinspiredbyverticalandhorizontalsurfacesininventingthetechniqueofperspectiveD．sawtwodimensionaldesignmoreimportantthanafeelingofdepth解析：选B　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文艺复兴时期的艺术家们为了展示现实发明了透视法。因此本题选B项。TheRenaissanceFormanypeople,theRenaissancemeans14thto16thcenturyItaly,andthedevelopmentsinartandarchitecture,musicandliteraturewhichtookplacethereatthattime.Butthereisoneworkwhich,perhapsmorethananyother,expressesthespiritoftheRenaissance:theMonaLisa.Itisbelievedtobethebestexampleofanewlifelikestyleofpaintingthatamazedpeoplewhenitwasfirstused.PaintedbyLeonardodaVinciintheyears1503－1506,theMonaLisaisamysteriousnmasterpiece.PeoplewanttoknowwhoMonaLisais,andwhysheissmiling.EvenifpeopledonotknowmuchabouttheRenaissance,theyhaveheardofthispainting.ButtheRenaissanceis,ofcourse,morethanjustMonaLisa.RenaissanceisaFrenchwordwhichmeans“rebirth”anditfirstappearedinEnglishinthe19thcentury.ThewordwasusedtodescribeaperiodinEuropeanhistorywhichbeganwiththearrivalofthefirstEuropeansinAmerica,anageofexploration,andthebeginningofthemodernworld.ItwasasifEuropewaswakingupafterthelongsleepoftheMiddleAges.FromItaly,theideasoftheRenaissancerapidlyspreadnorthwardstoFrance,Germany,England,andtherestofEurope.TradewithotherpartsoftheworldmeantthatEuropewasgettingricher,too.Thismeantthatpeoplehadmoneytospendonthearts;anditbecameeasierforartiststofindpeoplewhocouldaffordtobuytheirworksoremploythem.LeonardoworkedforimportantpeoplesuchastheDukeofMilan,and,towardstheendofhislife,theKingofFrance.RenaissanceartistsfoundnewideasfortheirworkinclassicalGreeceandRome.Buttheylookedforward,too,byopeningnewfrontiersinthearts.Paintersdiscoveredhowtouseperspectiveandtheeffectsoflight;composersputdifferentvoicestogetherandcreatedpolyphony(“manyvoices”);architectspreferreddesigningbuildingswithmorelightwhichcontrastedwiththeheavinessoftheGothiccathedralsoftheMiddleAges.Thesenseofexplorationwhichmotivatedtheartistswenthandinhandwithanewtypeofphilosophy.AftercenturiesofacceptingamedievalworldviewinwhichhumanlifewasconsideredoflittlevaluecomparedwiththegreatnessofGod,philosophersbeganaskingquestionslike“Whatisaperson？”or“WhyamIhere？”Forthefirsttime,theyputpeople,notreligion,atthecentreoftheuniverse.TheRenaissancewasatimeofscientificinvention,too.Leonardo,aswellasbeingoneofthegreatestpainterstheworldhaseverknown,wasalsoaskilledinventor.Whereverhewent,hecarriedanotebookaroundwithhim,inwhichhewrotedownhisideas.Theyincludeddetaileddrawingsofthehumanbody,plansforengineerstobuildcanalsandbridges,andastonishingdrawingsofmachineswhichwerenottobebuiltuntilhundredsofyearslater,suchasaeroplanes,parachutes,submarinesandtanks.TowardstheendofhislifehewasemployedbytheKingofFrancetodoscientificresearch,andhedidnothavealotoftimeforpainting.Inshort,Leonardowasanextraordinarygenius,anexampleofwhathasbeendescribedas“Renaissanceman”：someoneinterestedineverythingandwithmanydifferenttalents.ButevenifhisonlycontributiontohistoryhadbeentheMonaLisa,itwouldhavebeengeniusenoughforalltime.文艺复兴对于很多人来说，文艺复兴指的是14－16世纪时期的意大利，及其当时在艺术、建筑、音乐以及文学领域的发展。但有一件作品可能比其他的任何作品都更能表达文艺复兴的精神——《蒙娜·丽莎》。它被认为是一种新的形象逼真型绘画的最好代表，这种绘画风格一经使用就使人们惊叹不已。《蒙娜·丽莎》由莱奥纳多·达·芬奇于1503到1506年期间绘制而成，是一件神秘的杰作。人们想知道蒙娜·丽莎是谁，她又为什么在微笑。即使是对文艺复兴了解不多的人，他们也都听说过这幅作品。当然文艺复兴不仅仅是《蒙娜·丽莎》。文艺复兴是一个法语单词，意为“再生”，于19世纪首次出现在英语中。这个词被用来描绘随着首批欧洲人抵达美洲而开始的那段欧洲历史，这是一段探险的历史，也是现代世界史的开端。经历了中世纪的沉睡之后，欧洲似乎要苏醒过来了。从意大利开始，文艺复兴的精神很快向北传遍了法国、德国、英国以及欧洲的其他国家。n与世界其他地方的贸易意味着欧洲也在变得更加富裕。也就是说人们有钱来花费在艺术上，对于艺术家来说想要找到人来购买他们的作品或者雇用他们也更容易。莱奥纳多为一些重要的人物工作过，比如米兰公爵，在晚年他也曾经为法国国王工作过。文艺复兴的艺术家从古希腊以及古罗马的文献中来寻找他们作品的灵感。而他们也通过开辟新的艺术领域来展望未来。画家们发现了怎么样来利用透视以及光的作用；作曲家们将不同的声音合到一起创造了复调音乐(“许多音调”)；相比于中世纪哥特式教堂的沉重来说，建筑师们则更喜欢设计更加光亮的建筑。这种激发艺术家的探索意识与一种新型的哲学携手共进。几个世纪以来，哲学家们都持有中世纪的世界观，认为与上帝的伟大相比人的生命很渺小。现在他们开始提出诸如“人为何物？”以及“我为何存在？”这样的问题。有史以来第一次，他们将人而不是宗教放在整个宇宙的中心。文艺复兴也是一个科学发明层出不穷的时代。作为举世公认的最伟大的画家之一，莱奥纳多同时也是一个出色的发明家。不管走到哪里他都随身携带一个笔记本，以便(随时)记录下自己的想法。这些包括人体的细致素描、供工程师建造运河和桥梁的设计以及一些令人震惊的直到数百年之后才被造出来的机器制图，例如飞机、降落伞、潜水艇以及坦克。在晚年，莱奥纳多受法国国王委托去做一些科学研究，所以很少有时间从事绘画创作。简言之，莱奥纳多是一个非凡的天才，一个被描述成“文艺复兴人物”的典范：一个对凡事皆有兴趣并有诸多才能的人。但即使他对历史的贡献仅仅是一幅《蒙娜·丽莎》，这也已经是恒久的天才作品。