（全国版）高考英语unit4helpingpeoplearoundtheworld学案（含解析）牛津译林版 23页

Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld(一)课前自主学习Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意1．troublesomeadj.　　　　　麻烦的，讨厌的，棘手的2．victimn.受害者3．vacantadj.空着的，未被占用的；(职位)空缺的4．staffn．[纵联1]全体员工5．politicaladj.政治的；政府的6．chaosn.混乱，杂乱，紊乱7．mountainousadj.多山的8．assistantn.助理，助手adj.助理的，副的9．sheltern.住所；藏身之处10．wagen.(通常指按周领的)工资11．dampadj.潮湿的12．muddyadj.多泥的，泥泞的13．heatingn.供暖；供暖系统；暖气设备14．bacterian．(pl.)细菌15．anglen.角度Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形1．urgentadj.紧急的，紧迫的2．expandvi.&vt.[纵联2]扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，增强3．possessionn.个人财产；拥有，具有4．worthyadj.令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的5．alternativeadj.可供替代的n.可供选择的事物6．meansn.手段，方法7．acquirevt.购得；获得，得到；学到8．worthwhileadj.重要的，令人愉快的；值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)9．obtainvt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得n10．barriern.障碍，隔阂；屏障，障碍物11．colleaguen.同事12．fetchvt.　　　[纵联3]售得，卖得(某价)；取来，去拿来13．remoteadj.偏远的，偏僻的14．exportn.vt.&vi.[纵联4]出口产品，输出品；出口，输出出口，输出Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变1．lackn.&vt.缺乏→lackingadj.缺乏的；短缺的2．descriptionn．描写(文字)，形容，说明→describevt.描述，形容；描绘→describern．描写者3．additionn．增加；添加→addvt.&vi.添加；相加，求和；增加→additionaladj.附加的；另外的4．equaladj.平等的；同等的n.同等的人；相等物vt.与……相同或相等→equalityn．平等；同等→equallyadv.相等地5．voluntaryadj.志愿的；自愿的，主动的→volunteern．志愿者v.自愿做，无偿做6．contributevt.&vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致→contributionn．贡献；捐献；投稿→contributorn．贡献者；捐献者；投稿人7．starvationn．饥饿；挨饿；饿死→starvevt.&vi.(使)饿死，(使)挨饿8．commitmentn．承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事→commitv．犯罪，做错事；把……托付给；使……承担义务9．crowdn．人群vi.&vt.挤满，塞满；使拥挤→crowdedadj.拥挤的10．remindvt.提醒，使想起→remindern．暗示；提醒人的事物纵联1.由staff想到的①personneln.(全体)人员②crewn.全体船员，全体乘务员③clerkn.职员，办事员纵联2.“伸开，扩展”训练营①expand扩展，扩大②extend伸出，延伸③spread伸开，传播n④stretch伸展，拉长⑤enlarge扩大纵联3.各种“带/拿”都不同①take从这里拿走②carry“拿，提，扛”，无方向性③bring从别处带来④fetch到别处去带回来纵联4.“经济生活”高频动词①export出口；输出②import进口；输入③invest投资④bid出价；投标⑤distribute分配；分布单元话题——助人为乐子话题1　灾难与援助①catastrophicadj.灾难性的②donationn.捐赠，赠送③supportv.赞成，支持；提供④rescuevt.营救，救援⑤undergovt.经历；遭受，承受⑥supplyn.供给物⑦devotevt.把……奉献(给)子话题2　过程及影响①comfortvt.&n.安慰②reliefn.宽慰，安心③gratefuladj.感激的，感谢的④distributevt.分配；分发⑤generosityn.慷慨，大方⑥financiallyadv.金融上地⑦rebuildvt.重建⑧availableadj.可获得的⑨promotevt.促进，推进n⑩warmthn.温暖；热情[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用1．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ阅读七选五)Trustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegain❶frompastexperiences.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.Trustisarisk.Butyoucan'tbesuccessfulwhenthere'salackoftrust❷inarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.①写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：obtain，相关的同义词还有：get,_acquire②写出加黑词块的汉语意思：缺乏信任2．(2015·安徽高考阅读D)Infact,whenitcomestotheartofwar,antshavenoequal❶.Theyarecompletelyfearlessandwillreadilytakeonacreaturemuchlargerthanthemselves,attackinginlargegroupsandovercomingtheirtarget.Suchistheirdevotion❷tothecommongoodofthecolonythatnotonlysoldierantsbutalsoworkerantswillsacrificetheirlivestohelpdefeatanenemy.①写出加黑词块的汉语意思：无可匹敌，无可比拟，其同义短语还有：beyond_compare/beyond_comparision②写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：commitment，本词常和介词to搭配。高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1．(2014·辽宁高考书面表达)你的贡献肯定会使活动取得巨大成功。(contribution)Your_contribution_will_certainly_make_the_event_a_huge_success.2．(2013·重庆高考书面表达)与父母交谈不仅是了解他们和避免误解的一种手段，而且是学习如何爱他们以作为回报的完美方式。(means)Talking_to_parents_is_not_only_a_means_of_knowing_them_and_avoiding_misunderstanding_but_also_a_perfect_way_to_learn_how_to_love_them_in_return.(二)课堂重点释疑1．lackn．&vt.缺乏[记牢](1)lack＋n.　　　　　　　缺乏……notlackforsth.某物应有尽有，不缺某物(2)(a)lackof＋n.缺乏……forlackof＋n.因缺乏……(3)lackingadj.短缺的；缺乏的nbelackingin(在抽象事物方面)缺乏[练通]单句语法填空①Moreandmorehighrisebuildingshavebeenbuiltinbigcitiesforlackofspace.②Thoughlacking(lack)money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtoauniversity.③Lackofexercisecanleadtofeelingsofdepressionandexhaustion.④YouwillnotlackformoneywhileIamalive.⑤ThoughJackwaslackinginexperience,hemadeupforitinenthusiasm.一句多译她不受欢迎的原因是缺乏幽默。⑥A_lack_of_humoraccountsforherunpopularity.⑦Thereasonwhysheisnotpopularisthatshe_lacks_humor.⑧Lacking_in_humor,_sheisnotpopular.[用准]　lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可用作及物动词直接加宾语(不用被动语态)，也可用作不及物动词；形容词lacking常与in连用。[写美]⑨(2013·重庆高考书面表达)由于缺乏人类保护，长江江豚(YangtzeFinlessPorpoise)的数量正变得越来越少。For_lack_of_human_protection,_the_number_of_Yangtze_Finless_Porpoise_is_becoming_smaller_and_smaller._2．worthyadj.令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的[辨清]　写出下列句中worthy的含义①Youmustfirsthaveshownyourselfworthyinseveralbattles.有价值的②Icouldbefaithfultoyouwithoutinjuringaworthyperson.令人敬重的③YuanLongpinghavemadegreatcontributionstoourcountryandhisachievementsareworthyofthehighestpraise.值得的[记牢](1)beworthy(2)worthadj.　　　　　　值……钱；值得……的beworth(3)worthwhileadj.　　　　值得花时间/金钱/精力的值得做某事n[练通]选词填空(worthy/worth/worthwhile)④Thisarticleiswellworthreading,butitisnotworthyofbeingtranslated.SoIfeelthatallyoureffortisn'tworthwhile.一句多译这本参考书值得买，因为它对你的学习很有帮助。⑤Thereferencebookis_worth_buying,_becauseitisagreathelpforyourstudy.(worth)⑥Thereferencebookis_worthy_to_be_bought,_becauseitisagreathelpforyourstudy.(worthy)⑦Thereferencebookis_worthy_of_being_bought,_becauseitisagreathelpforyourstudy.(worthy)⑧It_is_worthwhile_buying/to_buythereferencebook,becauseitisagreathelpforyourstudy.(worthwhile)[写美]⑨(2015·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)既然你对传统的中国文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日很值得你体验。Since_you_are_interested_in_traditional_Chinese_cultures,_I_think_this_festival_is_well_worthy_to_be_experienced/of_being_experienced.3．equaladj.平等的；同等的，相同的；胜任的vt.与……相同或相等n．同等的人；相等物[记牢](1)beequalto(doing)sth.(in...)　　　　　(在……方面)等于；能胜任(做)某事equalsb./sth.in(doing)sth.在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物withoutequal无与伦比(2)equalityn.平等，同等；均等equallyadv.相等地，相同地[练通]单句语法填空①Anymanwillbeequaltothetask,solongasheiscareful.②It'ssaidthatnobodycanequalhiminintelligence.③Menandwomenmustbetreatedequally(equal)ineducationandemployment.n④WeChinesepeoplehavepersistentlyurgedtheequality(equal)ofnations,bigorsmall.单句改错⑤Idon'tthinkBobisequaltobeamanager,forhehaslittleknowledgeaboutmanagement.be→being完成句子⑥Iam_not_equal_to(不能胜任)theposition,soIdon'tapplyforit.⑦Hispaintingsarewithout_equal(无与伦比)intheWesternworld.[写美]⑧(2014·江西高考书面表达)其次，要积极向上、心情愉快，因为你的心理健康和身体健康同等重要。For_another,_be_positive_and_cheerful,_for_your_mental_health_is_equal_to_your__physical_health.4．contributevt.&vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致；投稿[记牢](1)contribute...to/towards...　　　(把……)贡献给……；(向……)捐款；投稿contributeto　　　促成，导致；有助于；是……的原因(2)contributionn.贡献；捐款；稿件makecontributions/acontributionto/towards(doing)...对(做)……作出贡献[练通]单句语法填空①(2017·江苏高考)LocatedwheretheBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.②Failurecanmakeapositivecontribution(contribute)toyourlifeonceyoulearntouseit.单句改错③Theirinventionhascontributedtodevelopelectricalengineering.develop→developing[用准]　contributeto和makeacontribution/contributionsto中的to都是介词，后面要接名词、代词或动名词。[写美]④(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你想往我们报纸投稿，请在最后期限前把文章寄给我。nIf_you_want_to_contribute_to_our_newspaper,_please_send_me_your_article_before_the_deadline.[联想]　表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有：cause,leadto,resultin,bringabout等。5．alternativeadj.可供替代的，供选择的；其他的n.可供选择的事物；选择对象[记牢](1)havenoalternativebuttodosth.别无选择只好做某事havethealternativeofdoingsth.有做某事的选择analternativeto...……的替代品(2)alternativelyadv.可供选择地[练通]单句语法填空①Naturalgasisanotherabundantfuelthatexpertsconsideranalternativetogasoline.②Ifyoudon'tliketheschoollunch,youwillhavethealternativeofbringingyourown.完成句子③IfhewantstogotoHongKongtonight,hehas_no_alternative_but_to_gobyair.如果他今晚想去香港，除了坐飞机外别无选择。[用准]　“别无选择只好做……”的其他表达形式还有：havenochoicebuttodosth.;can'tdosth.butdosth.;candonothingbutdosth.。在这些结构中若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式(does,did,done),but之后要用省略to的动词不定式。[写美]④(2011·北京高考书面表达)在追求梦想的过程中，我们可能只关注实现梦想的一种方式，忘记可能有其他选择。In_pursuing_a_dream,_we_might_focus_on_only_one_way_of_making_it_come_true,_forgetting_that_there_may_be_alternatives.6．meansn．手段，方法[记牢](1)ameansof(doing)sth.　(做)某事的方法、途径meansofproduction/transport/communication　　　　　生产工具/运输工具/通信手段(2)bymeansof用，依靠；通过nbyallmeans无论如何；当然可以(口语)bynomeans决不；无论如何都不(位于句首，句子要倒装)[练通]单句改错①Everymeanshavebeentriedtosavetheenvironment.have→has②Thereisnodoubtthatthemobilephoneisanimportantmeanstocommunication.to→of句型转换③Theproblemisbynomeansassimpleaswefirstthought.→Bynomeansistheproblemassimpleaswefirstthought.完成句子④Studentsbuilduptheirvocabulariesby_means_of_reading_more.学生们通过更多的阅读来积累词汇。⑤—CanIcomeandhavealookatyourhouse?—Yes,by_all_means.——我能过来看看你的房子吗？——好的，当然可以。[用准]　means是单复数同形的名词，类似的单词还有series(系列)，species(种类)等。[写美]⑥(2015·重庆高考书面表达)通过定向分享，我只需要把书传递给其他参与者。By_means_of_controlled_release,_I_only_need_to_deliver_books_to_other_participants.7．remindvt.提醒，使想起[记牢]remindsb.ofsth.　　　　　　　使某人想起某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事remind(sb.)that/how/what...提醒(某人)……[练通]单句语法填空①Youmustremindhimto_take(take)hismedicine,incaseheforgets.②Passengersare_reminded(remind)thatnosmokingisallowedonthistrain.③Thisremindsmeofwhatwedidtogetherduringourholiday.④Ialwaysremindmyselfthattimeandtidewaitsfornoman.n完成句子⑤Pleaseremind_me_to_writeanemailtomymothertomorrow,forit'sherbirthday.请提醒我明天给我母亲写一封电子邮件，因为明天是她的生日。[写美]⑥(2015·广东高考书面表达)这个结果有助于你预测一些重大疾病和食物偏好，并提醒你合适的锻炼方式。The_result_will_help_to_predict_some_major_and_severe_diseases_and_your_preference_for_diet_and_remind_you_of_suitable_ways_to_exercise.[词汇过关综合训练]　Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Wouldyoutellmethegeneraldescription(描写)ofyourpresentjob?2．Manyyoungworkersgaveuptheirdaysofftodovoluntary(志愿的)labour.3．Ifyouwanttoacquire(学得)profoundknowledge,youmuststartfromtheABC.4．Chinaexports(出口)manyrawmaterialstoforeigncountrieseveryyear.5．Thematterisurgent(紧急的)andsomethinghasgottobedoneaboutitatonce.6．Allovertheworldmanypeoplestillsufferfromstarvation(挨饿)．7．Hespenthischildhoodintheremote(遥远的)mountainarea.8．Unfortunately,theylostalltheirpossessions(财产)inthefire.9．Wehaveobtained(得到)permissionfromthedirectorstousesomeofourfunds.10．Hecanalwaysgetonwellwithhiscolleagues(同事)．Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Hejustgraduatedfromtheuniversitylastmonth,soheislackinginworkingexperience.2．Idon'tthinkIamworthyofsuchanhonourabletitle.3．Youmusthaveagoodeducation,butpracticaltrainingisequally(equal)important.4．Ihavenoalternativebutto_report(report)himtothepolice.5．AteverymomentIwasreminded_ofthedifficultieswehave.6．Hehasmadeanimportantcontributiontothecompany'ssuccess.n7．Thisisbynomeansagoodwaytomakealiving.8．Imadeacommitment(commit)tohimtopayallofthedebts.Ⅲ.单句改错1．SheremindedmeofthatIhadameetingtoattendthatevening.去掉of2．Thefactthattheminersthereworkindreadfulconditionsattractsthepublic'sattentionandcontributestomakelawstoprotecttheminers'rights.make→making3．Tobepunctualonehastohaveselfdiscipline,andthelackforitaffectsothers.for→of4．Whenshewasforty,shestillkeptagoodfigurebythemeansofexercisingregularlyandstickingtoadiet.去掉the5．Heisamanworthyoftobetrusted.Wecancountonhissupport.去掉ofⅣ.句型转换/一句多译1．Heisseenashavingcontributedsignificantlytowardstheeradication(消除)ofcorruption.→Heisseenashavingmadeasignificantcontributiontowardstheeradicationofcorruption.2．由于缺乏资金，那位科学家放弃了他的研究工作。①Thescientistabandonedhisresearchfor_lack_of_fund.(forlackof)②Lacking_fund,_thescientistabandonedhisresearch.(分词短语作状语)③Because_he_lacked_fund,_thescientistabandonedhisresearch.(原因状语从句)3．他在会议上提出的建议值得考虑。①Hissuggestionputforwardattheconferenceis_worth_considering.(worth)②Hissuggestionputforwardattheconferenceis_worthy_of_being_considered.(worthy)③Hissuggestionputforwardattheconferenceis_worthy_to_be_considered.(worthy)④It_is_worthwhile_to_consider/consideringhissuggestionputforwardattheconference.(worthwhile)(一)课前自主学习1．refer_to　　　　　　　　谈及，提到；与……相关，涉及；查阅，参考n2．in_addition　[串记1]除……以外(还)，此外3．draw_someone's_attention_to[串记2]　使(某人)察觉到4．under_the_umbrella_of在……的保护下，在……的管理下5．if_only但愿6．break_down出故障；抛锚7．in_chaos处于混乱状态8．get_hold_of得到；抓住9．remind_sb._of让某人想起……，提醒某人……10．think_back_to　[串记3]回想11．make_a_difference有作用(关系、影响)12．contribute_..._to_...把……捐献给……13．far_from离……远；远非，远不是14．put_up建造，搭起；张贴15．take_on雇用，承担，呈现16．stop_sb._from_doing_sth.阻止某人做某事17．look_up查阅，向上看18．be_made_up_of由……构成/组成[同根短语串记]串记1.“除……以外”家族①apartfrom　　　　　　　　　除……外(还有/没有)②asidefrom除……外(还有/没有)③exceptfor除了(不好的部分)④except除……之外(不包括)⑤besides除……外(还有)⑥inaddition此外(单独使用)⑦inadditionto此外⑧aswellas除……之外串记2.attention短语展示①drawsomeone'sattentionto...使某人察觉到……②callone'sattentionto...提醒某人注意……③fixone'sattentionon...集中注意力于……④bring...toone'sattention使某人注意……⑤payattentionto注意串记3.think短语大团圆n①thinkbackto回想②thinkabout考虑③thinkover仔细考虑④thinkof想起；考虑⑤thinktwice再三考虑⑥thinkhighlyof高度重视⑦thinkup想出，构思出⑧thinkout仔细考虑1．internationalpoliticalconflicts国际间的政治冲突2．humanrights人权3．increasepeople'sknowledge增加人们的知识4．promoteworldpeace促进世界和平5．transformpeople'slives改变人们的生活6．provideforthemselvesandtheirfamilies为自己和家人提供所需7．primaryeducation基础教育8．workingconditions工作条件1．This_land_was_difficult_to_farmbutnowwaterhasbeenpumpedintothefields.这块地过去难以耕种，但现在水已经被抽进了地里。2．I_would_rather_you_hadn't_toldmeaboutit.我宁愿你还没有把那件事告诉我。3．If_onlythereweremorepeopledonatingmoneytocharities!但愿有更多的人给慈善机构捐款！[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块和句式(完成句子)1．(2017·北京高考完形)Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremaking_a_difference(有影响，起作用)intheworld.Youcan,too!2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ完形)Larrypulledover,setthebrakeandgot_hold_of(抓住)thefireextinguisher(灭火器).Twogoodburstsfromtheextinguisherandthefirewasputout.高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式n(根据提示翻译句子)1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)外国学习者很难理解唐诗的真实含义和文化。(主语＋be＋adj.＋todosth.)The_true_meaning_and_the_culture_of_Tang_poems_are_difficult_to_understand_for_a_foreign_learner.2．(2015·重庆高考书面表达)要是我能回到过去重新设定我的目标该多好！(ifonly)If_only_I_could_go_back_and_reset_my_goals!(二)课堂重点释疑[短语集释]1．referto指的是；谈及，提到；与……相关，涉及；查阅，参考[辨清]　写出下列句中referto的含义①WhenIstudyEnglish,IliketoputmydictionarywithinmyreachsothatIcanrefertoitwhennecessary.查阅，参考②Imentionthispointnowinpassingandshallrefertoitagain.提到③Thenewlawdoesnotrefertolandusedforfarming.涉及④Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2referto？指的是[记牢](1)referto...as...　　　　　把……称作……refer...to...把……提交给……(2)referencen.谈到，提及；参考，查阅in/withreferenceto关于[练通]单句语法填空⑤Thescientistreferredtothediscoveryasthemostexcitingnewdevelopmentinthisfield.⑥(2015·天津高考书面表达)Thetextbooksanddictionariescanbeusedasreference(refer)bookswhilethemagazinesserveasreadingmaterials.完成句子⑦Wewerecompletelyinthedarkin/with_reference_tohisfutureplans.关于他的未来计划我们全然不知。[用准]　(1)refer的过去式、过去分词和现在分词都要先双写“r”，再加上“ed”或“ing”。类似的词还有prefer。(2)“查词典”的表达方式还有：refertoadictionary;looksth.upinthedictionary。n[写美]⑧(2011·安徽高考书面表达)当我遇到困难时，我通常会选择参考相关的学习资料或网页。When_I_am_faced_with_a_difficulty,_I_usually_choose_to_refer_to_relevant_learning_materials_or_web_pages.2．makeadifference有作用(关系、影响)[记牢]makeno/littledifferenceto　对……没有影响/作用makesome/muchdifferenceto对……有些/很大影响/作用tellthedifferencebetweenAandB　辨别A和B[练通]　完成句子①Theseaairhasmade_some/a_difference_toherhealth.海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。②Thatwillmake_no_difference_tohim,whateveryoumaydecide.无论你做什么决定，对他都没有影响。③Johnsondidn'tseemtobeabletotell_the_differencebetweenrightandwrong.约翰逊似乎不能分辨是非曲直。[写美]④(2013·安徽高考书面表达)我不仅不会到处乱丢垃圾和吐痰，而且无论何时都会帮忙清理路边的垃圾。我希望我的行为能起到作用。Not_only_will_I_keep_from_littering_or_spitting_anywhere,_but_I_will_also_help_clean_up_the_roadside_litter_whenever_possible._I_hope_my_behavior_will_make_a_difference.3．breakdown出故障，抛锚；(身体、精神)垮掉；坍塌；崩溃；(谈判、计划等)失败，破裂；(化学)分解；将……分成若干部分；消除，破除[辨清]　写出下列句中breakdown的含义①MartinLutherKingtriedtobreakdownracialdiscrimination.消除②Let'sbreakdowntheprojectintosmallerpartsinordertodealwiththemonebyone.将……分成若干部分③Menareleftidlewhenmachinesbreakdown.出故障④Youwillbreakdownifyoutakeonmoreworkthanyoucan.身体垮掉⑤Peacetalksbetweenthetwocountrieshavebrokendownwithnoagreementnreached.失败，破裂[记牢]breakin　　　　　破门而入；打断(谈话等)breakinto强行闯入；突然……起来breakout(战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态)breakup破裂，分手；结束；拆分，分裂breakthrough突破breakawayfrom脱离，挣脱[练通]　选用上述短语填空⑥Wearrivedatworkinthemorningandfoundthatsomebodyhadbroken_intotheofficeduringthenight.⑦DarkcloudsweregatheringintheskiesoverEurope.Warwassoontobreak_out.⑧OnlythendidIrealizethatitwasfoolishofmetobreak_away_fromallofmyfriendsandnevercontactthem.⑨Scientiststhinktheyarebeginningtobreak_throughinthefightagainstcancer.[写美]⑩(2014·北京高考书面表达)我的自行车半路出了故障，我从上面摔了下来，使得左脚受伤了。My_bike_broke_down_halfway_and_I_fell_off_it,_making_my_left_foot_injured._[句式集释]1．主语＋be＋adj.＋动词不定式[教材原句]　This_land_was_difficult_to_farmbutnowwaterhasbeenpumpedintothefields.[悟拓展例句](1)Thestoryisveryinterestingforthestudentsto_read.这个故事对学生来说读起来很有趣。(2)Althoughtheladylookselegant,actuallysheishardto_get_along_with.尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，但实际上却很难与之相处。[析用法规则]用法归纳本句属于“主语＋be＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构，在此结构中，动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。常见的用于此结构的形容词有：difficult,nhard,easy,comfortable,(im)possible,pleasant,interesting,exciting等。注意事项动词不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若动词不定式为不及物动词，其后必须要加相应的介词。Thearmchairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortabletositin.这把扶手椅看上去很硬，但坐上去很舒服。[背写作佳句](1)(2018·北京高考写作佳句)BeijingLanguageandCultureUniversityisidealforyoutolearnChineseculture.(要点句)(2)(2014·四川高考写作佳句)Thoughsomeofthequestionsseemunfamiliartome,theyareeasytoanswer.(要点句)2．ifonly引导的虚拟句[教材原句]　If_onlythereweremorepeopledonatingmoneytocharitiesIfonlyshewould_listen_to_mecarefullyatthemeetingtomorrow.但愿在明天的会上她能仔细听我讲话。(2)Ifonlyitwerepossibleformetoseeheroncemore!但愿我还能再见她一次！(3)It'stoobadthatIfailedinthemathexam.IfonlyIhad_workedhardatit!我数学考试不及格真是太糟糕了。要是我之前努力学习就好了！[析用法规则]用法归纳ifonly意为“要是……就好了，但愿”，常用来表示强烈的愿望和遗憾，它引导的句子要用虚拟语气。ifonly句式中虚拟语气的三种情况：(1)表示与将来事实相反的愿望时使用ifonlysb.would/coulddo...(2)表示与现在事实相反的愿望时使用ifonlysb.did/were...(3)表示与过去事实相反的愿望时使用ifonlysb.haddonesth....注意事项onlyif表示“只有……”，引导条件状语从句。onlyif本身不是一个固定词组，only是副词，用来修饰整个if从句。若其引导的从句置于句首，且与主句之间没有逗号隔开，则主句要用倒装语序。Inaword,onlyifyoulearnEnglishbyusingitcanyoulearnitwell.n总之，只有通过使用英语的方法学英语，你才能学好它。[背写作佳句](1)(2013·北京高考写作佳句)Ifonlyhehadkeptontrying,hewouldhavegotabiggerfish.(要点句)(2)(2011·江苏高考写作佳句)IfonlyIhadseenthepictureearlier,Iwouldhavehelpedmyparentsmore.(总结句)[词块、句式过关综合训练]　Ⅰ.选词填空farfrom,getholdof,thinkbackto,breakdown,referto,inchaos,undertheumbrellaof,inaddition1．Ifthecarbreaks_downontheway,youwillhavetowalkback.2．Hegot_hold_ofarailwaytimetableandlookedupallthetrainstoLondon.3．Inordertowritethisimportantreportwell,Ispentthewholeafternoonreferring_tothematerials.4．Youneedtimeandmoney,in_addition,_youneeddiligence.5．Primaryeducationcomesunder_the_umbrella_oflocalgovernment.6．Hewasfar_frombeingsatisfiedwiththewaythethingsweredone.7．Sittingbythetableandlookingatthephotographs,Ithink_back_tomyschooldays.8．Thekitchenwasin_chaos,_becauseshehadnotimetocleanit.Ⅱ.翻译句子1．最后，一些好的英语学习网站对我英语水平的提高起了很大作用。(contributeto)Finally,_some_good_English_study_websites_contribute_a_lot_to_my_improvement_in_English.2．我们正在下载音乐，就在这时电脑出故障了。(breakdown)We_were_downloading_music_when_our_computer_broke_down.3．虽然安迪不健谈，但与他相处不难。(getalongwith)While_Andy_is_not_a_talkative_man,_he_is_not_hard_to_get_along_with.4．我们所能做的事情会对我们的社会产生很大的影响。(makemuchdifference)What_we_can_do_will_make_much_difference_to_our_society.5．她要是征求了别人的意见就好了！(ifonly)nIf_only_she_had_asked_someone's_advice!Ⅲ.分步写作假定你是新华中学的高三学生李华，打算做志愿者，参加假期中外学生交流活动。请给市国际交流中心写一封申请信，内容包括：1．性格特点；2．英语水平；3．乐于传播中国文化。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。DearSir/Madam，I'mLiHua,astudentofSeniorThreefromXinhuaHighSchool.　Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yourssincerely，LiHua第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点本文是一封申请信，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。写作要点可从三方面着手：一是写信的目的；二是申请的核心内容；最后简单表达自己的希望。要点1，写信目的很明确——打算做志愿者，这个表达比较简单；要点2的内容可以借助题目中给出的三方面信息：性格特点、英语水平、乐于传播中国文化。其中性格特点应该突出自己能胜任志愿者的优点和长处，英语水平应表达出自己语言上的优势。要点1：我写信申请这份工作。(applyfor)I'm_writing_to_apply_for_the_position.要点2－①：我善良、友好、随和。(kind,friendly,easygoing)I'm_kind,_friendly_and_easygoing.要点2－②：我擅长英语。(begoodat)I_am_good_at_English.要点2－③：我对中国文化感兴趣。(interested)I'm_interested_in_Chinese_culture.要点2－④：我能教外国学生书法，以及怎样庆祝中国传统节日。(teach,celebrate)nI_can_teach_foreign_students_Chinese_calligraphy_and_how_to_celebrate_traditional_Chinese_festivals.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼拟定的几个要点之间彼此孤立，且表述较为简单，应对其进行适度拓展。要点1可添加介词短语对所应聘的职位进行详细描述；要点2－①与要点2－②可补充说明自己的特长在应聘该职位时的优势所在；要点2－③可升级为what引导的表语从句；要点2－④则可以转化为notonly...butalso引导的倒装结构，并添加“I'msure...”来强调自己能取得的成绩。拓展1：我写信是想申请成为在即将到来的假期中学生交流项目的一名志愿者。(as)I'm_writing_to_apply_for_the_position_as_a_volunteer_in_the_students'_exchange_program_during_the_coming_vacation.拓展2－①：我善良、友好、随和，这使我与同学们相处得很好。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)I'm_kind,_friendly_and_easygoing,_which_enables_me_to_get_along_well_with_my_classmates.拓展2－②：我擅长英语，能很轻松地和外国学生交流。(so...that...)I_am_so_good_at_English_that_I_can_communicate_with_foreign_students_easily.拓展2－③：中国文化是我的兴趣所在。(what引导的表语从句)Chinese_culture_is_what_I'm_interested_in.拓展2－④：我不仅能教外国学生书法，也能教他们怎样庆祝中国传统节日。我确信他们会获益很多。(notonly...butalso,I'msure...)Not_only_can_I_teach_foreign_students_Chinese_calligraphy_but_also_teach_them_how_to_celebrate_traditional_Chinese_festivals._I'm_sure_they_will_benefit_a_lot.第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡本文在逐条提出申请的核心内容前缺少统领性的句子来承上启下，因此可添加“我认为自己适合这份工作”。接下来陈述要点时可采用一些过渡词如what'smore,aboveall等来组织要点的顺序。申请信的最后应表达自己的期望。Dear_Sir/Madam，I'm_Li_Hua,_a_student_of_Senior_Three_from_Xinhua_High_School.I'm_writing_to_apply_for_the_position_as_a_volunteer_in_the_students'_exchange_program_during_the_coming_vacation._I_think_I_am_qualified_for_the_job.I'm_nkind,_friendly_and_easygoing,_which_enables_me_to_get_along_well_with_my_classmates._What's_more,_I_am_so_good_at_English_that_I_can_communicate_with_foreign_students_easily._Above_all,_Chinese_culture_is_what_I'm_interested_in._Not_only_can_I_teach_foreign_students_Chinese_calligraphy_but_also_teach_them_how_to_celebrate_traditional_Chinese_festivals._I'm_sure_they_will_benefit_a_lot.Looking_forward_to_your_early_reply.Yours_sincerely，Li_Hua理清句间结构之(二)　并列所谓并列式结构就是句子之间是以平行的关系构成。段中几句话分别叙述几件事、几种情况、或分别论述某一事物的几个方面。常见的并列连词有：firstly,and,or,moreover,what'smore,also,neither...nor...,either...or...等。利用这种并列结构可快速理解段落大意并准确解题。[高考典例1]　2014·江苏卷·完形填空Hewithdrewfrommanyschoolactivities40(because)hedidn'thavethetimeorthe__41__.Hehadonlyonegoodsuit.41．A.permits　　　　　B．interestC．talentD．clothes41题所在的句子和它后面的句子为并列关系；通过Hehadonlyonegoodsuit“他只有一件好衣服”可知，他之所以退出许多学校活动是因为他没有时间或衣服(clothes)。[高考典例2]　2013·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读七选五Businessmanagementisatermusedtodescribethetechniquesofplanning,direction,andcontroloftheoperationsofabusiness.__73(G)__Oneistheestablishment(制定)ofbroadbasicpolicieswithrespecttoproduction;sales;thepurchaseofequipment,materialsandsupplies;andaccounting.__74__Thethirdrelatestotheestablishmentofstandardsofworkinalldepartments.Directionisconcernedprimarilywithsupervision(监管)andguidancebythemanagementinauthority.__75(A)__A．Controlincludestheuseofrecordsandreportstocompareactualworkwiththesetstandardsforwork.nB．Inthisconnectionthereisthedifferencebetweentopmanagementandoperativemanagement.C．Examplesofnonprofitbusinessesincludesuchorganizationsassocialserviceagenciesandmanyhospitals.D．However,somebusinessesonlyseektoearnenoughtocovertheiroperatingcosts.E．Thesecondaspectrelatestotheapplicationofthesepoliciesbydepartments.F．Inthetheoryofbusinessmanagementorganizationhastwomainaspects.G．Planninginbusinessmanagementhasthreemainaspects.根据本段中的关键词One(基数词)，Thethird(序数词)可知，空处位于中间，应该是第二条，与E项中的“Thesecondaspect...”相呼应，故74题选E项。[高考典例3]　2014·湖南卷·完形填空Butironingshirtswasnot39(easy)work.Itdidn'tmakeuseoflongmusclesweusedtothrowabaseball,anditwasn'ta40(smooth)operationlikeiceskating.Ironingwaslikedrivingacaronastreetthathasastopsignevery10feet.Moreover,anironproducedsteamanditcarriedanelementof41(danger).Ifyoutouchedthewrongpartofit,you'dgetburnt.Ifyouforgottoturnitoffwhenyou42(went_away),_youmightburndownthehouse.Moreover为标志词，前面部分说明了“熨烫衣服”像开车；后面部分说明“熨烫衣服”的过程中可能出现的危险。这两个并列的部分都是为了说明该段中的第一句，即主题句。[高考典例4]　2018·全国卷Ⅲ·C篇“ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated，”hesaid.[高考典例5]　2014·广东卷·C篇IstartedmyjourneyasaLighthouseProjectvolunteerbyreadingasmuchasIcouldabouttheexperiencesofpreviousvolunteers.Iknewitwouldbealotofhardwork,andthatIwouldbeawayfrommyfamilyandfriendsforaverylongtime.Inshort,IdidnottakemydecisiontoapplyfortheLighthouseProjectlightly.Neitherdidmyfamily.段中标志词neither连接了前后两个并列成分：自己对于申请志愿者活动的犹豫不决和家人的不支持。n