2019年高中英语unit15learningsectionⅴgrammar教案（含解析）北师大版 10页

SectionⅤGrammar单元语法项目(一)——虚拟语气(Ⅰ)语法图解探究发现①IfIwereyou,Iwouldfollowhisadvice.②IfI'dwantedtoseethem,Iwouldhavehadtovisittheminperson.③IfIhadtimetomorrow,Iwouldattendtheconcert.④Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.⑤IfIshoulddotheexperiment,Iwoulddoitsomeotherway.⑥Hadyouinformedmeearlier,Iwouldn'thavesignedthecontract.⑦Butfortherain(＝Ifithadn'trained),weshouldhavearrivedyesterday.⑧I'mreallybusy,otherwiseIwouldcertainlygowithyou.(otherwise＝ifIwerenotsobusy)⑨Ifhewerealivenow,hemighthavegrownintoahandsomeyoungman.[我的发现](1)句①表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气；句②表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；③、④、⑤句表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。(2)句⑥中if省略，从句的主、谓语要倒装。(3)虚拟条件句中，表示与现在事实相反的假设时，be动词一般用were。(4)⑦、⑧句是含蓄虚拟条件句；句⑨是错综时间虚拟条件句，从句说明的是现在的情况，主句说明的是过去的情况。在英语中，语气分为陈述语气、疑问语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，多表示与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的变化形式来表示。一、if引导的虚拟条件句n1．虚拟条件句的主、从句谓语形式所述情况从句主句与过去事实相反if＋主语＋had＋动词过去分词主语＋would/could/might/should＋have＋过去分词与现在事实相反if＋主语＋动词过去式(be动词用were)主语＋would/could/might/should＋动词原形与将来事实相反①if＋主语＋动词过去式②if＋主语＋wereto＋动词原形③if＋主语＋should＋动词原形主语＋would/could/might/should＋动词原形IfsheknewEnglish,shewouldnotaskmeforhelp.如果她懂英语的话，她就不会找我帮忙。(现在)Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.你如果早一点儿起床，就会赶上火车的。(过去)Ifitwerefinetomorrow,Iwouldgoshopping.如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。(将来)2．be动词在虚拟条件句中的形式在虚拟条件句中，动词be的过去式通常用were(不管是单数还是复数)，但在现代英语中，单数情况也可以用was。但是在某些表达(ifIwereyou,asitwere等)中，be只能用were。Wecouldaskhimifhewere/washere.他要是在这里，我们就可以问问他了。Theskyiscovered,asitwere,withablackcurtain.天空好像是被黑幕遮住了似的。3．倒装虚拟句如果从句中有were/should/had(“had”是过去完成时的助动词)时，省略if的同时，把该词提到主语的前面，构成部分倒装。IfIhadhadanymoneywithme,Icouldhavelentyousome.→HadIhadanymoneywithme,Icouldhavelentyousome.要是我当时有钱的话，我会借给你一些。[即时演练1](1)用所给词的适当形式填空①(2016·北京高考改编)Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyouhad_told(tell)me,Icouldhavehelped.②(2016·天津高考改编)Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn'tbeenwearingnone,Iwould_have_been_injured(injure)．③Were(be)Iyou,Iwouldthinkaboutthisproblemonceagain.④(2015·江苏高考改编)Itmighthavesavedmesometroublehad(have)Iknowntheschedule.⑤(2015·北京高考改编)IfIhadn'tseenitwithmyowneyes,Iwouldn'thave_believed(believe)it.(2)单句改错①Iftherewasnomusic,theworldwouldbeverydull.was→were②Ifyouwouldcometomorrow,youmightseehim.would→should③IfIhaveknownthatyouwerecoming,Iwouldhavegonetothestationtopickyouup.第一个have→had④IwouldhavehelpedyoumoreifIhadbeensobusy.had后加not二、含蓄虚拟条件句1．用with,without,butfor等介词或介词短语代替条件句Butforyourhelp,ourexperimentwouldn'thavebeensosuccessful.假如没有你们的帮助，我们的实验是不会如此成功的。Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn'thaveworkedoutthemathsproblem.没有你的帮助，我不可能解出那道数学题。2．用or或者otherwise代替条件句Ididn'tattendthemeetinglastnight,orIwouldhavemetMrSmith.我昨晚没有参加会议，要不然的话我就能见到史密斯先生了。Iwasn'tinvitedtotheparty,otherwiseIwouldhaveattendedit.我没有接到聚会的邀请，要不然我就去参加了。[即时演练2]　(1)用所给词的适当形式填空①(2015·安徽高考改编)Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwewould_have(have)nowheretostaynow.②(2015·重庆高考改编)Withouthiswartimeexperiences,Hemingwaywouldn'thave_written(write)hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.③(2014·浙江高考改编)Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,ortheywould_have_come(come)toourhelp.④Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewewould_have_visited(visit)moreplacesofinterestyesterday.(2)完成句子n①你会用一百万美元来干什么？Whatwould_you_dowithamilliondollars?②没有你的帮助，我们不能及时完成这项工作。Wecouldn't_have_finished_the_work_in_timewithoutyourhelp.③那时我太忙了，否则我会告诉他答案的。Iwassobusythen.Otherwise,I_would_have_told_him_the_answer.④他打电话告知我你的生日，否则我会对此一无所知。Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orI_would_have_known_nothing_about_it.三、错综时间虚拟条件句错综时间虚拟条件句，又叫混合条件句。在该条件句中，从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据各自所指的不同时间选用不同的时态形式。IfIwereyou,Iwouldn'thavemissedthefilmlastnight.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。(现在→过去)Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor'sadvice,hewouldrecoveralready.如果他听了医生的劝告，现在病就好了。(过去→现在)Ifwehadn'tgoteverythingready,wewouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrow.如果一切都没有准备好，明天我们就会碰到糟糕的情况。(过去→将来)Ifheweretoleave,youwouldhaveheardaboutit.如果他要走，你早就会听到这个消息了。(将来→过去)[即时演练3]　(1)用所给词的适当形式填空①Wewould_be(be)backinthehotelnowifyoudidn'tlosethemap.②Ifwehad_booked(book)atableearlier,wewouldn'tbestandinghereinaqueue.③IfhehadspentmoretimepractisingspeakingEnglishbefore,hewould_be(be)abletospeakitmuchbetternow.(2)完成句子①要是我以前努力学习的话，我现在就在上大学了。IfIhadstudiedhard,I_would_be_in_a_college_now.②要是我早听取了你的建议的话，现在就不会有这样的麻烦了。IfIhadfollowedyouradvice,I_would_not_have_such_trouble.③如果我不害怕蜘蛛的话，我就会将它们抓起来。IfIwasn'tafraidofspiders,I_would_have_picked_them_up.nⅠ.单句语法填空1．ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,Iwouldn't/couldn't/shouldn't/mightn'thavewonthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.2．Ifyouhadn't_seen(see)thatfilmlatelastnight,youwouldn'tbesosleepynow.3．Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldseethefilmstar.4．Ifhehad_not_been(notbe)ill,hewouldhavedonesomethingtohelpus.5．IfIwere(be)abird,Iwouldflyinthesky.6．Hewasverybusyyesterday;otherwise,hewould_have_come(come)tothemeeting.7．Ifitrained/should_rain/were_to_rain(rain)nextweek,thefarmerscouldstillhaveagoodharvest.8．Ifyouhad_asked(ask)himyesterday,youwould_know(know)whattodonow.Ⅱ.完成句子1．我本来可以多给你一些帮助的，但当时太忙了。I_might_have_given_you_more_help,_butIwastoobusy.2．如果明天天气晴朗，我们就会出去野餐。If_it_were_to_be/should_be/were_sunny_tomorrow，wewouldgooutforapicnic.3．如果去年雨水充足的话，我们可能会有一个好收成。Ifwe_had_had_enough_rainlastyear,wecouldhavegainedagoodharvest.4．如果你听从了我的建议，昨天你就不会考试失利了。Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,you_wouldn't_have_failed_the_examination_yesterday.5．他昨天感觉很累，不然他会帮助你们的。Hefeltverytiredyesterday,orhe_would_have_helped_you.单元语法项目(二)——虚拟语气(Ⅱ)语法图解探究发现n①Itisnecessarythatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguagetofindagoodjob.②Wesuggestedthatshe(should)gotoseeadoctor.③Hisproposalisthatwe(should)getridofbadhabits.④Hegaveordersthattheguests(should)behospitablyentertained.⑤Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.⑥Hetalksasifheknewallaboutit.⑦IwishIwereastallasYaoMing.⑧Ican'thelpyounow.Youshouldhavetoldmethenewsearlier.[我的发现](1)例句①②③④中，从句的谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形表示虚拟语气。(2)例句⑤中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形表示虚拟语气。(3)例句⑥中用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟。(4)例句⑦中，wish后的宾语从句可用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟。(5)例句⑧中用shouldhavedone表示虚拟语气，意为“本该做某事而实际上未做”。一、名词性从句中的虚拟语气句子类型应用范围从句中谓语动词的形式主语从句“Itis＋adj./n./p.p.＋主语从句”，常用的形容词、名词、过去分词有：natural,necessary,possible,important;pity,shame;requested,required等。(should＋)动词原形宾语从句主句谓语动词为表示“建议、命令、要求”的词，如order,suggest,require,advise等。(should＋)动词原形表语从句和同位语从句跟在表示“建议、请求、命令等”主观意向的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句用虚拟语气，如advice,suggestion,demand,requirement,proposal等。(should＋)动词原形Itisstrangethatyou(should)havefailedtopasstheexam.你竟然没通过考试，真奇怪。Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.他建议我们第二天早点儿动身。Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkinadvance.n他的建议是我们要提前完成工作。Ihavemadeaproposalthatwe(should)holdapartyforher.我建议我们应该为她举行一个聚会。[名师点津]　suggest表示“暗示，表明”，insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，从句中应用陈述语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthatheagreedtotheplan.他脸上的微笑表明，他同意这项计划。Theboyinsistedhehadn'tbrokenthewindow.小男孩坚持说没打碎窗户。Heinsistedthatthebookwaswellwritten.他坚持认为这本书写得很好。[即时演练1]　用所给词的适当形式填空①Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)_try(try)toloseweight.②Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoes(do)goodtopeople'shealth.③Ouronlyrequestisthatthisproblem(should)_be_settled(settle)assoonaspossible.④ItisdesirablethatallAfricans(should)_have(have)enoughfoodandcleanwater.⑤Myrecommendationisthatyou(should)_take(take)overhisposition.二、其他从句中的虚拟语气1．It's(high)time后的从句用虚拟语气从句谓语动词常用一般过去时，也可用should＋动词原形，should一般不省略。It'stime(that)wehad/shouldhaveameetingtotalkabouttheproblem.该开个会讨论一下这个问题了。2．asif/asthough从句以及ifonly后的句子常用虚拟语气asif/asthough/ifonly时间谓语动词的虚拟形式对过去的虚拟had＋过去分词对现在的虚拟一般过去时(be动词用were)对将来的虚拟would/could/might＋动词原形Hetreatsthelittlegirlasifshewerehisowndaughter.他对待这个小女孩就像她是自己的亲生女儿一样。Hetalkedasifhehadknownthesecret.他谈起话来好像他已经知道了这个秘密。IfonlyIwouldbeadmittedintoBeijingUniversitynextyear!我要是明年被北京大学录取就好了！n[名师点津]　asif/asthough从句有明显的迹象表示“有可能实现的事实”时,不用虚拟语气。Itissocloudy.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.天这么阴，似乎要下雨。3．wish,wouldrather后的虚拟语气wish(that)＋从句一般过去时(be用were)表示对将来的虚拟would/could/might＋动词原形表示对过去的虚拟过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟wouldrather＋从句一般过去时(be用were)表示对现在或将来的虚拟　　过去完成时　　　表示对现在的虚拟Iwishitwerespringinmyhometownalltheyearround.但愿我的家乡四季如春。NowIwishI'ddonemorework,especiallyinmaths.现在我希望自己以前多做一些功课，特别是在数学方面。Hereallywisheshecouldlistentoyourclassagain.他真的希望能再次听您讲课。Don'talwaysmakenoise.I'dratheryoukeptsilent.不要老是制造噪音。我想让你保持安静。[即时演练2]　用所给词的适当形式填空①(2015·天津高考改编)IwishIhad_been(be)atmysister'sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.②Johnwantstoseemetoday.Iwouldratherhecame(come)tomorrow.③Don'tyouthinkit'shightimeyouhad/should_have(have)ahaircut?④Hefeltasthoughhehad_gone(go)backto20yearsago.⑤IwishIwere(be)asupermanlikethespiderman.三、should(not)havedone表示虚拟语气“should＋have＋done”表示过去应该做的事情却没有做，常含有后悔、责备、埋怨的口气，常译作“本应当……，应当……就好了”。“shouldn't＋have＋done”表示过去不该做的事却做了，也常含有责备、不满的意思，常译为“本不应该……”。Withalltheworkfinished,Ishouldhavegonetothecinemawithyoulastnight.昨天晚上当所有的工作完成之后，我本来应该和你去看电影的。Youshouldnothavetakenpartinthecompetitionyesterdaywithoutthedoctor'spermission.n你昨天没有得到医生的允许，本不应该参加比赛的。[即时演练3]　完成句子①他们本该在午饭时间到达的，但航班被耽搁了。(全国卷改编)Theyshould_have_arrived_at_lunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.②你本该给詹姆斯写那封信的，然而你没写。Youshould_have_written_that_lettertoJames.However,youdidn't.③我们本不该花钱去给那么多人做检查的，他们大多数都很健康。Weshouldn't_have_spent_our_moneytestingsomanypeople,mostofwhomarehealthy.Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．It'simportantthatthepatient(should)_be_taken(take)goodcareof.2．Lookatthechaotic(混乱的)situation!IfonlyIhad_followed(follow)theinstructionsonthescreen.3．IwishthatIhad_gone(go)withyoutoseethefilmlastnight.4．Hesuggestedthatourclass(should)_be_divided(divide)intofivegroups.5．ShespokeEnglishwellasifshehad_studied(study)EnglishinEngland.6．Theordercamethatthework(should)_be_finished(finish)twodaysaheadoftime.7．Mybrothergraduatedfromcollegehalfayearagoanditishightimethathefound/should_find(find)ajob.8．Thesuggestionthatstudents(should)_learn(learn)somethingpracticalisworthconsidering.9．Youshould_have_informed(inform)meofthechangeofthemeetingaheadoftime.10．I'dratherhehadn't_told(not,tell)methenewsyesterday.Ⅱ.单句写作(完成句子)1．要是我能够回到过去重订目标该有多好。(2015·重庆高考写作)IfonlyI_could_go_backandresetmygoals.2．为了掌握普通话，我强烈建议你和中国人进行练习。(2015·四川高考满分作文)TomasterMandarin,Istronglysuggestyou_(should)_practice_with_Chinese_people.3．另外，我希望一个班不会有太多的学生。(2014·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)Besides,Iwishthere_wouldn't_be_too_many_studentsinaclass.4．确实到了孩子和父母行动起来做出改变的时候了。(2013·福建高考满分作文)Itishightimethatbothchildrenandparentsntook/should_take_actiontomakesmallchanges.5．学生们被要求必须学一门外语。Itisrequiredthatthe_students_(should)_learn_a_foreign_language.6．你本应该早点儿告诉我你不能来的。Youshould_have_told_me_earlierthatyouweren'tabletocome.