高考英语复习unit4understandingpeople阅读理解组块专练——练速度（含解析）重庆大学版 9页

Unit4UnderstandingPeople阅读理解组块专练——练速度(限时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解ASince1985,JohnnyJennings,86,hasbeensellingnewspapersandmagazinestoarecyclingcenterwithhisson.BythetimeJennings’onlychildwas17,hestoppedjoininghisfather.Eventhoughhissonisallgrownupnow,Jenningshasn’tsloweddownhisefforts.Infact,hehasturnedhisrecyclingmoneyintosomethingbigger.TheRinggold,Georgianativevisitslocalchurchesandbusinessestocollectpaper,whichhebringstoarecyclingcenterformoney.Butinsteadofputtingthoseearningsinhisownbankaccount,hesendseverydollartoGeorgiaBaptistChildren’sHomes&FamilyMinistries.Onceayear,he’llgivetheorganizationachecksomewherebetween$10,000and$35,000.By2016,thattalliedupto$400,000.Thesedays,Jennings’recyclinghasturnedintoacommunityeffort.Afterhehasmadehisownroundsrecyclingpaperfrombusinessesandchurches,he’llfindmoreitemswaitingforhimathome.Communitymembersdropoffotherrecyclablesathishousesohecansellthem,alongwithbooks,food,clothes,andotheritemstogiveaway.Recyclingcenterstypicallypayjustonehalftothreecentsperpoundofpaper,butJennings’visitshaveaddedupthebigtime.In2016alone,hesoldmorethan400,000poundsofpaperand51,000aluminumcans(铝罐),andcollectedmorethan32,000pennies.Overthecourseof32yearshehasrecycledmorethan9.8millionpoundsofpaper,savinganestimated79,000treesintheprocess.Jenningssayshe’llcontinueraisingmoneyforcharityaslongashishealthallows.语篇解读：文章讲述了乐于助人的JohnnyJennings常年回收废旧物品资助慈善机构的故事。1．HowoldwasJohnnyJenningswhenhestartedrecycling?A．17.　　　　　　　　　B．32.C．54.D．86.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第四段中的“Overthecourseof32yearshehasrecycled”可知，JohnnyJennings开始回收废旧物品时应该是54岁。n2．Theunderlinedword“tallied”inParagraph2probablymeans“________”．A．addedB．lookedC．madeD．mixed解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句及前一句“Onceayear,he’llgivetheorganizationachecksomewherebetween$10,000and$35,000.By2016,thattalliedupto$400,000.”中的数据可知，tallied意为：计算总数。故A项正确。3．Whatiscommunitymembers’attitudetowardsJohnnyJennings?A．Unclear.B．Doubtful.C．Tolerant.D．Supportive.解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Communitymembersdropoffother...andotheritemstogiveaway.”可知，JohnnyJennings所在社区的成员们支持他回收废旧物品资助慈善机构的工作。4．WhatmakesJohnnyJenningsspecial?A．Hislonglifeandhobby.B．Hisrecyclingworkanddonation.C．Thepennieshecollects.D．Theamountoftreesheplants.解析：选B　推理判断题。文章讲述JohnnyJennings常年回收废旧物品资助慈善机构的故事。所以是回收废旧物品资助慈善机构的故事让JohnnyJennings与众不同。BKidsarenaturallycuriousaboutwhatmakespeopledifferent,butsometimesadultsfeelithardtofindtherightwordstoexplain.Thesebooksmighthelp.EriktheRedSeesGreenbyJulieAndersonRedheadedErikisacreativekidwhostruggleswithhomeworkandsoccerpractice.Whenhepaintsaselfportraitwithgreenhair,hisparentsandteachersrealizeheiscolorblind.Erikworkswithasupportiveteacher,family,andfriendstomakesmallchangesthathelphimacceptwhoheis.MyFriendwithAutism(自闭症)byBeverlyBishopTheauthor’ssonhasautism,andshewrotethisillustratedbooktoeducateherson’sclassmates.“Justlikeme,myfriendisgoodatplaying，”theauthorsays.“Sometimesheplaysdifferently,soIwatchthewayheplaysandthenItrytodowhatheisdoing,rightnexttohim.”Shegoeson：“Understandingotherpeople’sfeelingsishardformyfriend...Whenmyfriendseesapersoncrying,hemaynotnunderstandwhatitmeans.”Alongwiththebookismaterialforgrownupsexplainingstrategiesforhelpinganautisticchild,andmore.SomeKidsWearLegBraces(支架)byLolaM．SchaeferInthe“UnderstandingDifferences”series,theindividualtitlesuseactualphotosandsimpleconceptstoeducatekidsaboutaphysicaldisability(needingawheelchair,beingblindordeaf,andothers)．“Somekidswhowearlegbracesarebornwithweakbonesormuscles...Somekidswhowearlegbracesusewalkersorcrutches.”Attheheartofseriesisthemessagethat,ontheinside,weareallsimilar：“Kidswhowearlegbracesliketohavefun.”语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文中介绍了JulieAnderson，BeverlyBishop，LolaM.Schaefer三位作者有关孩子的三本图书。5．HowdopeoplefindErikcolorblind?A．Erikpaintshisredhairgreen.B．Erikstruggleswithhishomework.C．Acoachfindsitinsoccerpractice.D．Adoctordiscoversitinahealthcheck.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段的“RedheadedErikisacreativekidwhostruggleswithhomeworkandsoccerpractice.Whenhepaintsaselfportraitwithgreenhair”可知，画自己的肖像时Erik将自己的红头发画成了绿色。因此，人们发现他是色盲。6．AccordingtoBeverlyBishop,anautisticchild________.A．isgoodatplayingwithfriendsB．hasnodifferencewithotherkidsC．maynotunderstandothers’feelingsD．doesn’tneedstrategiestobehelped解析：选C　细节理解题。根据“MyFriendwithAutism(自闭症)byBeverlyBishop”部分中的“Understandingotherpeople’sfeelingsishardformyfriend...hemaynotunderstandwhatitmeans.”可知，自闭症孩子可能不理解别人的情感。7．Whydosomekidswearlegbraces?A．Legbracescanstrengthenmuscles.B．Theyhavenomoneytobuywheelchairs.C．Theyneededucationabouttheirdisability.D．Theirbonesandmusclesaretooweaktowalk.n解析：选D　细节理解题。根据“SomeKidsWearLegBraces(支架)byLolaM．Schaefer”部分中的“Somekidswhowearlegbracesarebornwithweakbonesormuscles...Somekidswhowearlegbracesusewalkersorcrutches.”可知，戴腿支架的孩子的骨骼和肌肉不够强壮，因此无法像正常人那样走路。CIwasinthegardenwithAugie,mygrandson,watchingthebees.“Howdotheymakehoney？”Augieasked.“Actually,Augie,Idon’tknow，”Ireplied.“But,Grandmom,youhaveyourphone，”hesaid.ForAugie,holdingasmartphonealmostmeansknowingeverything.DuringmychildhoodIwascrazyaboutapowerfuldevice(设备)thattransportstheusertoanalternatereality.Ispentmostofmywakinghoursonit,unawareoftheworldaroundme.Thedevicewas,ofcourse,thebook.Overtime,readinghijacked(控制)mybrain,aslargeareasonceprocessingtherealworldadaptedtoprocessingtheprintedword.AsfarasIcantell,thisearlyimmersion(沉浸)didn’tpreventmydevelopment,butitdidleavemewithsomeillusions(幻想)—myideaofromanticlovesurelycamefromnovels.Manyparentsworrythat“screentime”willdamagechildren’sdevelopment,butrecentresearchsuggeststhatmostofthecommonfearsaboutchildrenandscreensareunfounded.Thereisoneexception:lookingatscreensbeforebedreallydisturbssleep,inpeopleofallages.TheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics(AAP)usedtorecommendstrictrestrictionsonscreenexposure.Lastyear,theorganizationexaminedtherelevantsciencemorethoroughlyandchangeditsrecommendations.Thenewguidelinesemphasizethatwhatmattersiscontentandcontext,whatchildrenwatchandwithwhom.Newtoolshavealwaysledtopanickyguesses.Thenovel,thetelephone,andthetelevisionwerealldeclaredtobetheEndofCivilization,particularlyinthehandsoftheyoung.Partofthereasonmaybethatadultbrainsrequirealotoffocusandefforttolearnsomethingnew,whilechildren’sbrainsaredesignedtomasternewenvironmentsnaturally.Newtechnologiesalwaysseemdisturbingtotheadultsattemptingtomasterthem,andtransparentandobvious—notreallytechnologyatall—tothosechildrenlikeAugie.WhenAugie’sfathergothome,Augierushedtomeethimandsaidinexcitement.“Daddy,Daddy,look，”hesaid,reachingformyphone.“Doyouknowhowbeesmakehoney?I’llshowyou...”n语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者认为，手机和电脑是现代人获取信息的重要工具，我们要做的不是禁止孩子们使用，而是对其进行必要的引导。8．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Tointroduceatopic.B．Topresentanargument.C．Toclarifytheauthor’swritingpurpose.D．Togiveinformationonmaincharacters.解析：选A　写作意图题。根据第一段中的“holdingasmartphonealmostmeansknowingeverything”和下文对是否应该禁止孩子使用手机、电脑等设备的论述可以推知，作者在第一段中通过与孙子的对话引出了本文将要讨论的话题。9．Whatcanbelearnedabouttheauthor?A．Shehadanunhappychildhood.B．Shewasinterestedinreadingnovels.C．Shewasaddictedtoanelectronicdevice.D．Shepaidmuchattentiontotherealworld.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“readinghijacked(控制)mybrain”和“myideaofromanticlovesurelycamefromnovels”可以推知，作者小时候很喜欢读小说。10．WhatdoestheAAPprobablyadvisepeopletodo?A．Limitchildren’sscreentime.B．Don’tchatonlinewithstrangers.C．Don’tstareatascreenbeforebedtime.D．Guidechildrenontheirscreendevices.解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“theorganization...changeditsrecommendations...whatchildrenwatchandwithwhom”可以推知，AmericanAcademyofPediatrics认为影响孩子们的是“看什么”和“和谁看”，而不是“看多久”，因此家长应该在孩子们使用电脑、手机等屏幕设备时进行引导。11．Intheauthor’sopinion,whydoadultsreacttonewthingsdifferentlyfromchildren?A．Theydon’twanttochange.B．Theirlearningabilitydecreaseswithage.C．Theyhavenodesireforthedynamicworld.D．Theirlearningmethodsdifferfromchildren’s.解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Partofthereasonmaybethatadultnbrains...masternewenvironmentsnaturally.”可知，成年人学习新事物需要专注和努力，而小孩子则是很自然就掌握了新知识，这两种不同的学习方式导致了二者对新事物所表现出的不同态度。DTheBritishroyalfamilylivetheirlivesinthepubliceye,butthere’sonethingthatnotmanypeopleknow:Theirlastname.That’ssimplybecause,ingeneral,they’resofamousthattheyareeasilyidentifiablewithoutone.Butwhenmembersoftheroyalfamilyneedtousealastname—whenthey’reinschoolorinthemilitary(军队),forexample—theyactuallyhaveafewchoices.Here’sabreakdownofalltheiroptions—andhowitgottobethiswayinthefirstplace.Before1917,royalsdidn’tuselastnamesatall.Backthen,royaltyhadonlytheirfirstnamesandthenameofthehouseordynastytheywerepartof.You’veprobablyheardofsomeofthesedynastynames,liketheHouseofTudorandtheHouseofYork.In1917,KingGeorgeVdecidedtochangethehousenamefromSaxeCoburgGothatoWindsor.Buthewasn’tjustchangingthedynastyname.GeorgeValsospecifiedthatWindsorwastobecometheroyalfamily’sofficialsurname,too.Today,theroyalfamilyisstillknownastheHouseofWindsor,andinageneralsense,Windsorisstilltheroyallastname.In1947,PrincessElizabethmarriedPhilipMountbatten.Justafewyearslater,Elizabeth’sfatherdied,makingherQueenElizabethⅡ.MountbattenbecamePrincePhilip,DukeofEdinburgh.In1960,ElizabethandPhilipwantedtomaketheirbranchoftheroyalfamilytreedifferentfromtheothers.TheydecidedthattheirchildrenwouldusethelastnameMountbattenWindsor.Butroyalsdon’talwaysusetheMountbattenWindsorname.Somemembershaveusedthenameoftheirfamily’sterritory(领地)instead.Forexample:WhenPrinceWilliamandPrinceHarryservedinthearmy,theyusedthenamesWilliamWalesandHarryWales—becausetheirfatheristhePrinceofWales.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。英国皇室成员虽然都是公众人物，但很少有人知道他们姓什么，本文对此作了简要介绍。12．WhatcanweinferabouttheBritishroyalfamily?A．Theirmembersmustserveinthearmy.B．Theirsurnameschangewiththedynasty.C．Theirsurnamesareignoredbymostpeople.nD．Theirmembersallhavetheirownterritories.解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“there’sone...simplybecause...they’resofamousthattheyareeasilyidentifiablewithoutone”可以推知，皇室成员因为太有名，所以他们的姓就被大多数人忽略了。13．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“breakdown”inParagraph1?A．List.B．Review.C．Result.D．Principle.解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据下文对英国皇室成员的姓的介绍可以推知，breakdown在此意为“细目；分类”，故选A项。14．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．ThehistoryoftheBritishdynasty.B．ThefamilytreeoftheBritishroyals.C．TheoriginoftheBritishroyalfamily.D．ThelastnamesoftheBritishroyalfamily.解析：选D　主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了英国皇室成员的姓的由来和发展，故D项正确。15．Howdoestheauthororganizethetext?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Byfollowingtheorderoftime.D．Byfollowingtheorderofimportance.解析：选C　写作手法题。根据文章中依次出现的Before1917,In1917,In1947,In1960可知，作者主要是按时间顺序来组织文章的。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Oneofmyearliestmemorieswaswatchingmymomtalkonouroldphone.Iwasfascinatedthatshecouldtalktosomeonewhowasn’tactuallyintheroomwithher.__1__Iwaswonderinghowshemanagedtotalkwithsomeoneshecouldn’tsee.__2__Later,wehadmobilephonesthatcouldbecarriedaroundtheroom.Thencamecomputersandsmartphones.ThesedaysIcansendanemailaroundtheworldinasecond.Mydaughter’ssmartphonehasahundredappsandadozensocialmediaaccounts.Shestoresallofherinformationinamysteriousplaceknownas“thecloud”，whereshecantakeitoutatanytime.Itseemsthatwearemoreconnectedninthisworldthaneverbefore.__3__Fewtakethetimetotalkfacetoface.Insteadoflookingintotheeyesofourlovedones,westareatourscreens.Itseemsasifthemostconnectedgenerationsarealsotheloneliest.Don’tlettechnologytakeourtimeandruinourlife.Makethetimetomeet,toprayandtocommunicatewitheachother.Takeawalkonthebeachwithafriend.Havealongconversationwiththephonesoffandtheheartson.__4__Rememberthatweareheretoloveeachother,helpeachotherandmakethisworldabetterplace.__5__Butwhenitcan’t,turnitoff.A．Thatwasalongtimeago.B．Connectofflineaswellasonline.C．Smartphoneshavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.D．Weshouldcommunicatewitheachotherwithphonesoff.E．Whenyourtechnologycanhelptodothesethings,thenuseit.F．However,whatbothersmeisthatwerarelyassociatewitheachothernowadays.G．Whenshelefttheroom,Islowlywalkedovertothephoneandstaredatitforawhile.语篇解读：本文作者描述了家中通信工具的变化，指出人们现在很少互相见面交流，并建议人们合理利用科技，创造更美好的生活。1．选G　根据空处前一句可知，作者对于妈妈能够和一个与她不在同一个房间的人说话感到很好奇，这吸引了作者。G项“当她离开房间的时候，我慢慢地走到电话那儿并盯着看了一会儿”符合文意，故选G项。2．选A　根据空后的“Later,wehadmobilephones...Thencamecomputersandsmartphones.ThesedaysIcansendanemail”可知，作者阐述了随着时间的变化，家中的通信工具也发生了改变。A项“那是很久之前的事儿了”符合文意，故选A项。3．选F　根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为段落主题句。根据下文可知，本段主要讲述现在我们很少面对面交流了。F项“然而，令我感到担心的是，我们现在很少互相交流了”能很好地概括段意，故选F项。4．选B　根据上文可知，作者认为不能让科技占据我们太多的时间，摧毁我们的生活，我们应该花时间互相见面交流。B项“既要在网上联系也要在网络之外联系”符合文意，故选B项。n5．选E　空处前一句提到我们来到这个世界是为了相互关爱，相互帮助，使世界变得更美好；后一句提到当科技不能(帮助你)做到这些时，就关掉它。所以空处应表示当科技能够帮助你做到这些时就使用它，故E项符合文意。