2019年高中英语课时跟踪练（一）（含解析）新人教版 7页

课时跟踪练（一）WarmingUp&Reading—PrereadingⅠ.阅读理解ABrianGreene,aprofessorofphysicsandmathematicsatColumbiaUniversity,hascreatedanonlinescienceeducationplatform.Hetriesto“buildabridge”withthingsyouknowabout,andthen“bringyouacrossthatbridgetothestrangeplaceofmodernphysics”．RecentlyIhadachancetoaskGreeneaboutwormholes(aholewhichsomescientiststhinkmightexist,connectingpartsofspaceandtimethatarenotusuallyconnected),timetravelandothermysteriesoftheuniverse.Iaskedhimamilliondollarquestion:WhatifIwentthroughawormholeandpreventedmyparentsfrommeeting?“Mostofusbelievethattheuniversemakessense，”Greenesaid.Althoughthereareseveralinterestingtheoriesabouttimetravel,headded,thelawsofphysicswouldprobablypreventsomethingsoillogicalfromtakingplace.Thegoodnewsisthatthetimeparadox(悖论)isopenforfuturephysiciststosolve.Whenaskedhowphysicscouldbecomemoreexcitingforkids,GreenesaidthatbooksbyStephenWeinberg,LeonardSusskind,andotherphysicists,“makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren’tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmath.”WhenIpointedoutthatsomestudentsstillmightfindphysicsboring,Greenesaidthatthekeyistoteachthemaboutthingsthatarestrange.“Thebasicstuffisimportant，”Greenesaid.“ButIthinkit’sreallyimportanttoalsodescribethemoremodernideas,thingslikeblackholesandtheBigBang.Ifkidshavethoseideasinmind,thenatleastsomeofthemwillbeexcitedtolearnallthedetails.”GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein’sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.AsGreenesaid,physicsis“notjustamatterofsolvingproblemsinanexam”.It’saboutexperimenting,showinganinterestinstrangephenomena(现象)—andhavingfun!语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。物理学家BrianGreene希望更多的孩子可以对现代物理学感兴趣。1．Amilliondollarquestionisprobablyvery________.A．direct　　　　　　　B．difficultC．personalD．longn解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段Greene对这个问题的解释以及他说需要未来的物理学家去解决可知，作者提出的这个问题非常难。2．ThebooksbyWeinbergandSusskind________.A．areboringtoreadB．aremainlyaboutmathC．arepopularsciencebooksD．areonlypopularamongkids解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段的“...booksby...makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren’tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmath”可知，Greene认为Weinberg和Susskind等物理学家写的书浅显易懂，适合普通大众阅读，故这些书属于科普读物。3．AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingdoesGreeneagreewith?A．Modernphysicsisaboringsubject.B．Interestplaysanimportantroleinstudying.C．Itisnotnecessarytolearnallaboutphysics.D．ItiseasytodescribeblackholesandtheBigBang.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，当作者指出一些学生觉得物理无聊时，Greene说重要的是向孩子们讲述一些稀奇古怪的事，并描述一些诸如黑洞和宇宙大爆炸的现代物理现象，如果孩子们知道了这些，他们就愿意了解更多详细的内容。因此他认为兴趣在学习过程中起着非常重要的作用。4．Inthelastparagraph,Greenehopesthat________.A．kidscanlovescienceandphysicsB．kidscandowellinphysicsexamsC．kidscanhavefunwithexperimentsD．kidscanfindmorestrangethingsinlife解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein’sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.”可知，Greene希望孩子们可以像他一样对科学和物理感兴趣，去探索宇宙的奥秘。BSirJohnGurdon,aBritishscientist,whowontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein2012,saidhehadpredictedatthetimeofhisfrogexperimentsthatthesuccessfulcloningofamammalwouldhappenwithin50years,andthat“maybethesameanswerisappropriate”forthesteptohumancloning.Parentswholosenchildreninaccidentsmaybeabletoclone“copies”toreplacethemthen.Althoughanyattempttocloneanentirehumanwouldraisecomplexmoralissues,thebiologistclaimedpeoplewouldsoonovercometheirconcernsifthetechniquebecamemedicallyuseful.CloningwasregardedwithextremedoubtswhenitwasfirstdevelopedbutbecamewidelyacceptedafterthebirthofLouiseBrown,thefirst“testtubebaby”.Hesaid,“Whenmyfirstfrogexperimentsweredone,anAmericanreporteraskedhowlongitwouldbebeforethesethingscouldbedoneinmammalsorhumans.Isaid,’Well,itcouldbeanytimebetween10yearsand100years—howabout50years？’Itturnedoutthatitwasn’tfaroffthemarkasfarasDollywasconcerned.Maybethesameanswerisappropriate.”SirJohnaddedthatcloningahumanbeingeffectivelymeansmakinganidenticaltwin,anddoctorswouldthereforesimplybe“copyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced”．Theaveragevoteonallowingparentsofdeceasedchildren,whoarenolongerfertile(能生育的),tocreateanotherbyusingthemother’seggsandskincellsfromthefirstchild,thinkingthetechniquewassafeandeffective,is60percentinfavor.Thereasonsfor“no”areusuallythatthenewchildrenwouldfeeltheyaresomesortofreplacementsforsomething.语篇解读：诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主、英国科学家约翰·格登爵士称，那些在事故中失去子女的父母将能在未来50年内借助克隆技术，让他们的子女得到“重生”。5．SirJohnpredictedthehumancloningwouldbearealityin________atmost.A．about100years　　　B．about60yearsC．about50yearsD．about10years解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知，格登爵士表示，在未来50年内，那些在事故中失去孩子的父母将有可能通过克隆技术得到孩子的“复制品”。故选C项。6．Accordingtothetext,whichstatementisNOTtrue?A．LouiseBrownisthefirst“testtubebaby”．B．Humancloningisstillacontroversialtopic.C．SirJohnispositiveaboutthefutureofhumancloning.D．Humancloningiscreatingsomethingthatdidn’texistbefore.解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“afterthebirthofLouiseBrown,thefirst’testtubebaby’”可排除A项；文章尾段说明赞成者占6成，故排除B项；根据第二段中格登爵士的话可知，他对克隆人充满了希望，故排除C项；根据第二段的尾句可知，D项表述不正确。n7．Theunderlinedword“identical”probablymeans“______”．A．sameB．specialC．newD．clear解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“twin”和文中的“doctorswouldthereforesimplybe’copyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced’”可知，A项正确。8．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A．mostpeoplecastdoubtonJohn’sexperimentsB．humancloningisandwillbeonlyadreamC．fewchildrenlovetobeclonedinthefutureD．humancloningmayberealizedsomeday解析：选D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段的第一句可知，虽然克隆人类的尝试将引起复杂的道德问题，但是生物学家声称如果克隆技术变得有医学价值，人们很快就会消除他们的担心，因此可推断D项正确。CElizabethBlackwellwasbornonFebruary3,1821inEngland.Whileshewasgrowingup,twoofherbrothersandsixofhersistersdied.Elizabethdecidedtobecomeadoctor.Herfatherwasasugarbusinessman.Heencouragedequality(平等)betweenboysandgirlsso,unlikemostgirls,Elizabethhadthesameeducationasboys.Onenight,whenElizabethwaseleven,afiredestroyedherfamily’sbusiness.ThefamilybecamesopoorthatMr.BlackwelldecidedtogotoAmerica.WhenthefamilyreachedNewYork,Mr.Blackwelltriedtostartanewbusiness,butfailed.In1837,hedied.Afterbeingrefusedseveraltimesbymedicalschools,ElizabethwasfinallyacceptedbyGenevaMedicalCollegeinNewYork,largelyasajoke.Peoplethere,evenwomen,thoughtshewasindecent(下流的)andaskedhertoleave.Butwithgreatdetermination,Elizabethgraduatedwithhighhonors.Aftergraduation,ElizabethwenttoParistolearnmoreaboutmedicine.ElizabethreturnedtoAmericain1851.Thereshehelpedotherwomenbecomedoctorsandopenedamedicinestore.Then,shebeggedherrichfriendstogivemoneytobuildahospital.Elizabeth’sdreamcametruein1857whentheNewYorkInfirmaryForWomenandChildrenopeneditsdoors.Itwasthefirsttruehospitalforwomen,runbywomendoctorsintheworld.In1868,thehospitalopenedamedicalcollegeforwomen.Afterthat,ElizabethreceivedaletterfromEuropeaskinghertocometoherhomelandnanddoforthewomenofEuropewhatshehaddoneinAmerica.ShereturnedtoEnglandin1869.Theresheservedforfortyyears,whichmadeherahero.语篇解读：本文介绍了美国首位取得医学博士学位的伟大女性ElizabethBlackwell。9．WhatmadeElizabethwanttobeadoctor?A．Herpoorfamily.B．Herfather’sadvice.C．Herfamilymembers’earlydeath.D．Theinequalitybetweengirlsandboys.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的内容可知，Elizabeth年幼时她的兄弟姐妹相继死亡，这让她产生了当医生的想法。10．WhydidElizabeth’sfamilymovetoAmerica?A．Tosellmoresugar.B．Tolookforchancestolive.C．Toopenahospitalforwomen.D．TohelpElizabethstudymedicine.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的内容可知，Elizabeth一家搬到美国是为了寻找生存的机会。11．ItcanbeinferredfromPara.4thatinAmerica________.A．hardlyanywomenstudiedmedicineB．studyingmedicinewasconsidereddecentC．womenwerenotallowedtoreceiveeducationD．womenandchildrensufferedalotfrompoorhealth解析：选A　推理判断题。文章第四段讲到Elizabeth一开始遭到很多家医学院的拒绝，在她被纽约的一家医学院录取后，当地的人们甚至是妇女都认为她学医很下流，都斥责她让她离开，由此可知当时几乎没有女性学医，因为在人们看来女性学医是一件下流的事情。12．WhichistherightorderofthefollowingeventsaboutElizabeth?a．Sheopenedthefirsthospitalforwomen.b．SheopenedamedicinestoreinAmerica.c．HerfamilymovedtoNewYork.d．Shegraduatedfromamedicalschool.e．ShereturnedtoEnglandtoserve.f．Herfamily’sbusinesswasdestroyed.g．ShewenttoParistostudymedicine.A．cfdgbaeB．fcdgbaenC．fcgdbaeD．fcgdbea解析：选B　事件排序题。根据文章内容可知所列事件的正确顺序是：Elizabeth家的生意因火灾而破产→她全家搬到纽约谋生→她从医学院毕业→她到巴黎进修→她在美国开了一家药店→她开了第一家妇幼医院→她返回家乡做贡献。Ⅱ.阅读七选五HowteenscanstayfitAnytypeofregular,physicalactivitycanimproveyourfitnessandyourhealth.__1__Exerciseshouldbearegularpartofyourday,likebrushingyourteeth,eatingandsleeping.Itcanbeingymclass,joiningasportsteam,orworkingoutonyourown.Keepthefollowingtipsinmind：__2__Agoodattitudeisimportant.Findanactivitythatyouthinkisfun.Youaremorelikelytostickwithitifyouchoosesomethingyoulike.Alotofpeoplefindit’smorefuntoexercisewithsomeoneelse,soseeifyoucanfindafriendorfamilymembertobeactivewithyou.Takeitonestepatatime.__3__Forexample,walkorrideyourbiketoschool.Getonoroffthebusseveralblocksawayandwalktherestoftheway.Usethestairsinsteadoftakingtheelevator.Getyourheartpumping(跳动).Whateveryouchoose,makesureitincludesaerobic(有氧的)activitythatmakesyoubreatheharderandincreasesyourheartrate.Thisisthebesttypeofexercisebecauseitincreasesyourfitnesslevelandmakesyourheartworkbetter.__4__Examplesofaerobicactivitiesarebasketball,running,orswimming.Don’tforgettowarmup.Withsomeeasyexercisesorstretching(拉伸)beforeyoudoanyphysicalactivity.__5__Itisalsoimportanttostretchoutafteryouexercisetocooldownyourmuscles.A．Italsoburnsoffbodyfat.B．Staypositiveandhavefun.C．Makephysicalactivityahabit.D．Smallchangescanadduptobetterfitness.E．Themostimportantthingisthatyoukeepmoving!F．Thiswarmsyourmusclesupandmayhelpprotectagainstinjury.G．Dotheactivityasoftenaspossible,butdon’texercisetothepointofpain.n语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章向青少年介绍了几条如何保持身体健康的建议。1．选E　由下文关于运动方面的几条建议可知，作者认为保持身体健康最好的办法是运动。E项中的keepmoving指代下文的Exercise。2．选B　B项中的Staypositive和havefun分别与下文的Agoodattitude和activitythatyouthinkisfun相呼应。3．选D　根据本段小标题Takeitonestepatatime.可知，循序渐进，小小的改变也能使身体更健康，故选D项。4．选A　有氧运动可提高健康水平、使心脏更好地工作，也可起到减肥的作用，故选A项。5．选F　根据下文的stretchoutafteryouexercisetocooldownyourmuscles可知，运动前先进行热身是为了保护身体避免受伤，故选F项。