2018_2019学年高中英语module4musicborninamericasectionⅰ 12页

Module4MusicBorninAmerican　　　　Ⅰ.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.1．movement　　　　　　A．出现2．techniqueB．衰退；下降；减少3．rhythmC．方法；步骤4．approachD．节律；节奏；律动5．declineE．技巧；手法6．emergeF．运动答案：1～6　FEDCBAⅡ.Writedownthemeaningofphrasesineachsentence.1．Thetwobottlesstoodsidebysideontheshelf.并排2．Shetookadvantageofthechildren'sabsencetotidytheirrooms.利用3．Heisawriterratherthanapoet.而不是4．Ilovetodancetothemusicinthediscos.随着……跳舞5．Tooursatisfaction,thehousingpricehasbeenindeclineinthepastfewmonths.在下降6．Itisobviousthatthestudentshavebeenboredwiththeboringclass.对……厌烦7．Itiswellknownthatallmatterconsistsofatoms.由……组成8．Apartfromthenormalwork,healsospendstwohoursadaylookingaftertheoldpeopleinthecommunityasavolunteer.除……之外1.Listsomekindsofmusicyouknow.classical_music;_pop_music;_jazz;_hip_hop;_rock_and_roll;_blues;_country_music;_soul_music;_gospel_music;_folk_music2．Matchthenameswiththefollowingmusicalinstruments.A．percussion　　B．drum　　C．trumpetD．pianoE．guitarF．violinn答案：①～⑥　ECDAFBⅠ.FastreadingMatchthefollowingpartswiththeirmainideas.Part1　A．ThewidespreadandnewstylesofhiphopPart2B．ThereasonsofthesuccessofhiphopPart3C．ThedefinitionandoriginofhiphopPart4D．Thedevelopmentofhiphop答案：Parts1～4　CDBAⅡ.CarefulreadingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouthiphop?A．It'sanAmericanculturalmovement.B．It'samusicbandfromAmerica.C．It'smainlymadeupofbreakdance,graffiti,DJingandrapping.D．Itstartedinthe1970sinNewYork.2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutthebigbreakthrough?A．Hercstartedtoplayjazzmusictoattracttheaudience.B．Atthebeginning,MCsperformedforhours,onlyrepeatingwordsandphrases.C．DJHercnoticedthatNewYorkaudiencesreallylikedreggaemusic.D．TheMCslaterusedrhymingwordsthatcamefromAfricanAmericanculture.3．Whichofthefollowingwasthecapitalofhiphopduringthe1980s?A．Florida.　　　　　　B．NewYork.C．Miami.D．Paris.4．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?nA．Discomusicwasthebesttodanceto.B．Discomusicandrockmusicwerebothindeclineduringthemid1970s.C．Thedevelopmentofmusicistheresultofthetastesofthepublic.D．Inthelate1980s,hiphopspreadacrosstoJapanandEurope.答案：1～4　BDBCⅢ.StudyreadingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．TheDJsatblockpartiesinthe1970splayedalotofsoulmusicandtheynoticedthatpeoplepreferredthepercussionbreaksinthesongsbecausetheywerethebestpartstodanceto.[尝试翻译]　20世纪70年代的街区舞会上，音乐主持人播放很多灵乐，他们注意到大家很喜欢乐曲中的打击乐，因为打击乐非常适合跳舞。2．DJHerc,oneofthemostpopularJamaicanDJsatthetime,noticedthatNewYorkaudiencesdidn'treallylikereggaemusic,sohestartedplayingotherkindsofmusic,includingrockanddiscomusic.[尝试翻译]　埃尔克，当时最受欢迎的牙买加音乐主持人之一，注意到纽约观众并不真正喜欢雷盖音乐，于是他开始播放其他种类的音乐，其中包括摇滚乐和迪斯科。n　　　　　　　　[对应学生课下能力提升(十三)]阅读理解AThecrowdcheeredandcheered.Themanwiththehornwavedandsmiledhisgreat,happysmile.“More!More！”criedthecrowd.AndLouisArmstrongtookhishornandbegantoplayagain.HerehewasinEngland.Nowasafamousman,hewasrich.Heknewmanyimportantpeople.Whereverhewent,peopleknewhisname.Theywantedtohearhismusic.AsLouisplayedthesad,slowsongs,hethoughtofhishomeinNewOrleans.Helivedthereasaboy.Howmanyyearsagowasit?Itwasabusy,excitingcity.ButLouis'familywasverypoor.Hewenttoworktohelphismother.Healsowenttoschool.OneofLouis'teachersaskedhimtobeintheschoolband.“Thishornisyoursuntilyouleaveourschool，”histeachersaid.Louis'musicwasjazzandhelovedit.Herememberedallthemusicheheard.Hedidn'tlearntoreadmusicuntilhewasaman.Whenheleftschool,heplayedinmanybands.Helovedhisworkandpeoplelovedhim.Theyknewhehadawonderfultalent.Louisplayedontheboatsthatsailedupanddowntheriver.Heplayedinlittletownsandinbigcities.Louis'shornhadasmanysoundsastenhorns—sometimesslowandsweet;sometimesfastandhot,highandlow.Hismusicwasalwaysstrongandexciting.“Hedoesmakewonderfulmusic，”saidthemanwholistenedhappily.“Yes，”saidanotherman，“hemakesthathornspeak.”Thenthemusicendedandthecrowdcheered.LouisArmstrongspokewithtearsinhiseyes，“Ithink,myfriends,youcanlistentoasmuchjazzasIcanplay.Ithoughtjazzwasmymusic,butnowIunderstanditisours.Isn'titbeautifulhowmusicbringsustogether？”1．WhatmusicdidLouisplay?A．Jazzmusic.B．Classicalmusic.C．Rockmusic.D．Popmusic.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Louis'musicwasjazzandhelovedit.”可知他演奏的是爵士乐。2．WhendidLouislearntoreadmusic?A．Whenhewaslessthan14yearsold.B．Whenhewasintheschoolband.C．Afterhebecameagrownup.nD．Afterhewenttoschool.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句话“Hedidn'tlearntoreadmusicuntilhewasaman.”可知直到成年他才会识乐谱。3．WhatwasLouisArmstrongmostfamousfor?A．Hisgreathappysmile.B．Hissadandslowsongs.C．Hiswonderfuljazzmusic.D．Hisbeautifulspeech.解析：选C　细节理解题。纵观全文可知，Louis是以爵士乐而出名的。4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?A．MusicianB．ABeautifulHornC．SweetSmilesD．TheManwiththeHorn解析：选D　标题归纳题。根据本文主题以及第一段中的“Themanwiththehornwavedandsmiledhisgreat,happysmile.”和第二段中的“...hemakesthathornspeak.”可知本文主要突出了音乐家和他的乐器，故D项正确。BImmigrantstothecoastofsouthernAppalachianMountainsofNorthAmericabroughtthemusicandinstrumentsoftheOldWorldalongwiththemfornearly300years.Theybroughtsomeoftheirmostimportantvaluableswiththem.Tomostofthemthiswasaninstrument.EarlyScottishsettlersenjoyedtheviolinbecauseitcouldbeplayedtosoundsadorlively.TheIrishviolin,theGermandulcimer(扬琴),theItalianmandolin,theSpanishguitar,andtheWestAfricanbanjowerethemostcommonmusicalinstruments.Thecommunicationamongmusiciansfromdifferentethnicgroups(族群)producedmusicuniquetothisregionofNorthAmerica.Appalachianstringbands(弦乐队)oftheearly20thcenturyprimarilyconsistedoftheviolin,guitar,andbanjo.Thisearlycountrymusicalongwithearlyrecordedcountrymusicisoftenreferredtoasoldtimemusic.AccordingtoBillMaloneinCountryMusicUSA,countrymusicwas“introducedtotheworldasasouthernphenomenon”.IntheSouth,folkmusicwasacombinationofculturaltypes,combiningmusicaltraditionsofavarietyofethnicgroupsintheregion.Forexample,someinstrumentalpiecesfromAngloCelticimmigrantswerenthebasisoffolksongsandballadsthatformwhatisnowknownasoldtimemusic,fromwhichcountrymusicdescended.ItiscommonlythoughtthatBritishandIrishfolkmusicinfluencedthedevelopmentofoldtimemusic.BritishandIrisharrivalstotheSouthernUSincludedimmigrantsfromScotland,Wales,Ireland,andEngland.Whenmanypeoplethinkorhearcountrymusic,theythinkofitasacreationofEuropeanAmericans.However,agreatdealofstyle—andofcourse,thebanjo,amajorinstrumentinmostearlyAmericanfolksongs—camefromAfricanAmericans.OneofthereasonscountrymusicwascreatedbyAfricanAmericans,aswellasEuropeanAmericans,isbecauseblacksandwhitesinruralcommunitiesinthesouthoftenworkedandplayedtogether.5．Wheremighttheimmigrantslive300yearsagoaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A．Inthemountains.B．Nearthesea.C．Alongthelakes.D．Bytherivers.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“ImmigrantstothecoastofsouthernAppalachianMountainsofNorthAmerica...”可知，早期移民主要住在阿巴拉契亚山脉南部的海边。6．WhydidearlyScottishsettlersliketoplaytheviolin?A．Becausetheviolincouldproducesoundsadorcheerful.B．Becausethesettlersalwayshadnothingtodo.C．Becausethesettlerswantedtowinthecompetitionsamongthem.D．Becausetheviolincouldbringabouthappyfeelingsinthesettlers'life.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段第四句可知，之所以早期的苏格兰移民喜欢拉小提琴，是因为这种乐器既可以发出让人悲伤的声音，也可以发出使人快乐的声音，这样他们就可以表达自己的各种情感。7．Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph?A．AccordingtoBillMalone,countrymusicwasintroducedfromAfrica.B．Folkmusicwasindependentamongavarietyofethnicgroupsintheregion.C．ThebasisofballadswasmadeupofsomeinstrumentalpiecesfromAngloCelticimmigrants.D．BritishandIrishfolkmusicinfluencedthedevelopmentofmodernmusic.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段“Forexample,someinstrumentalpiecesfromnAngloCelticimmigrantswerethebasisoffolksongsandballads...”可知，C项正确。8．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．WhereandHowEarlyImmigrantstotheUSLived?B．AfricanInstrumentsInfluencedAmericanCountryMusicC．WhyEarlyImmigrantsProducedFolkSongs?D．TheEarlyHistoryofAmericanCountryMusic解析：选D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了美国乡村音乐的早期历史。CJennyLind,thedaughterofateacheroflanguages,wasborninStockholm,Sweden,in1821.Sheissaidtobeabletorepeatasongthatshehadheardonlyonceattheageofthree.Attenyearsofageshesangchildren'spartsontheStockholmstage.Afterturning12yearsofage,heruppernoteslosttheirsweetness,andforfouryearsshedidnotdomuchsinging.Herloveformusiccontinuedandshespenttheseyearsstudyinginstrumentalmusicandcomposition.AttheendofthisperiodhervoicehadreturnedtoitsnormalconditionandforayearandahalfshewasthestaroftheStockholmopera.Next,shegaveaseriesofconcertsandwenttoParisforfurtherstudy,buttheFrenchteacherdidnotappreciateherpowersandJennyreturnedtohernativecity.Whenshewas23yearsold,JennywenttoDresdenandwhenQueenVictoriavisitedthatcitythefollowingyear,shesangatthefestivalsheldinthequeen'shonour.ThisopenedthewaytoamazingsuccessinotherGermancities.In1847shewenttoLondonandwaswarmlyreceived.Thereshesangforthefirsttimeinconcert.JennyLindtravelledtoParistostudywithManuelGarcia,afamousSpanishcoach,whofinallyagreedtotrainher.Herhusband,OttoGoldschmidt,wasafamousGermanpianistwhotrainedwithMendelssohn;theymarriedinBostonwhileontourintheUS.Afterhermarriage,shesometimesappearedonthestageandusuallyatconcertsgivenforcharitablecauses(慈善事业).Shewasdeeplyinterestedinthesecharitablecausesandwecaneasilyaddtohertitleofsingerthatofphilanthropist.HerlateryearswerespentinLondonwhereshediedin1887.Herlifeandsongsareasweetmemoryformodernpeople.9．JennyLinddidn'tsingmuchasateenagerbecause________.nA．shewasbusywithherhomeworkB．shedidn'tunderstandpopularmusicC．therewassomethingwrongwithhervoiceD．shelikedinstrumentalmusicandcomposition解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句可知，12岁至16岁时她的嗓音出现了问题，因此那段时间她唱歌不多。10．Inordertogainmoreknowledgeaboutmusic,JennyLindwentto________.A．ParisB．DresdenC．BostonD．London解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“Next,shegaveaseriesofconcertsandwenttoParisforfurtherstudy”可知，为了学习更多的音乐知识，她去了巴黎。11．Theunderlinedword“philanthropist”inthelastparagraphreferstoapersonwho________.A．earnsalotofmoneyasasingerB．spendsmuchtimeinsingingandcomposingC．givesmoneyandhelptopeoplewhoneedthemD．becomesfamousbydevelopingdifferentcauses解析：选C　词义猜测题。最后一段画线词之前的内容介绍了她在慈善事业方面的努力。正因为她热衷于慈善事业，所以人们认为她不仅是一位歌手，而且还是一位慈善家，即为需要帮助的人捐款和提供帮助的人。12．WhatisthecorrectorderoftheeventsrelatedtoJennyLind?a．Shesangforthefirsttimeinconcert.b．ShebecamethestaroftheStockholmopera.c．Shestudiedinstrumentalmusicandcomposition.d．Shesangatthefestivalsheldinthequeen'shonour.e．Somethingwrongwithhervoicemadeherunabletosingmuch.A．a,d,c,b,eB．c,b,a,d,eC．e,d,b,c,aD．e,c,b,d,a解析：选D　排列组合题。第一段最后两句提到她在12岁之后嗓音出了问题，以致无法唱太多的歌(e项)，于是她专心学习器乐和作曲(c项)；第二段第一句提到她的嗓音恢复后她成了Stockholm的歌剧明星(b项)；第三段第一句提到她23岁的时候为女王演唱(d项)；第三段最后两句提到她到伦敦后首次在演唱会上演唱(a项)。综上可知，正确顺序为D项。nAllYouNeedtoKnowAboutHipHopPart1Whatishiphopandhowdiditstart?HiphopisanAmericanculturalmovementwhichstartedinthe1970satblockpartiesinNewYork,especiallyinadistrictcalledtheBronx.Therearefourmainaspectsofhiphop:breakdanceandgraffitiartplustwotypesofhiphopmusic—DJingandrapping.RappingisalsoknownasMCing(comingfromthetermmasterofceremonies).TheDJsatblockpartiesinthe1970splayedalotofsoulmusicandtheynoticedthatpeoplepreferredthepercussionbreaksinthesongsbecausetheywerethebestpartstodanceto.Sotheystartedrepeatingthepercussionbreaks.ThisisatechniqueusedbyDJsinJamaica.TherewerealotofJamaicansinNewYorkwhobroughttheideawiththem.Atfirst,theyplayedalotofreggae.Part2Whatwasthebigbreakthrough?DJHerc,oneofthemostpopularJamaicanDJsatthetime,noticedthatNewYorkaudiencesdidn'treallylikereggaemusic,sohestartedplayingotherkindsofmusic,includingrockanddiscomusic.Thepercussionbreakswereusuallyshort,butHercandotherDJsmadethemlongerbyusingtworecordsontwoturntables,sidebyside.SomeoftheDJsbeganspeakingandshoutingwhilethemusicplayed.ShoutingDJsbecameknownasMCs.Andsothestyleofmusicknownasrapwasborn.Atthebeginning,MCsoftenperformedforhours,repeatingwordsandphrasesandthenimprovising.Later,theyexperimentedwithdifferentvocalandrhythmicapproaches,usingrhymingwords,oftenwordsfromAfricanAmericanculture.Atthesametime,peoplestartedbreakdancingatblockparties.MCDarkStarremembersthefirsttimeheheardarapsinger.“ThemomentIheardit，”hesaid，“Iknewitwasacompletelynewkindofmusic.”Part3Whywashiphopsosuccessful?Therearetwomainreasons.Firstly,it'scheapandeasy—youjustneedtwoturntablesandamicrophone.AnyonecanbeanMC,usingsongswhichhavealreadybeenrecorded.Secondly,peoplewereboredwiththepopmusicoftheday—discomusicandrockmusicwerebothindeclineinthemid1970s.However,discomusichadastrongnbeat,anditwaseasytodanceto.Hiphoptookadvantageofthatandprovidedakindofdiscomusicforpeoplewhohateddisco!Part4Howdidrapsingersrecordtheirsongs?Thefirsttimethatrapartistsrecordedtheirmusic,musiciansrecordedthebackingtracks(themusicwithoutthesinging)inthestudioandtherappersaddedtheirvocalslater.Thenextgenerationofrappersrecordedtheirvocalsatthesametimeasthemusicians.NewYorkwasthecapitalofhiphopduringthe1980s,andthestylewasknownasEastCoastrap.ThestylesoonspreadtootherpartsoftheUnitedStates.TherewerealotofWestCoastrappersbasedinCalifornia.InMiami,Florida,anewstyledeveloped,stronglyinfluencedbyCubanandPuertoRicanmusic.Inthelate1980s,hiphopspreadacrosstheworld,toJapan,IndiaandmanypartsofEurope,especiallyFrance,BelgiumandItaly.InEngland,anewmusicformemerged,calledtriphop,amixtureofjazz,hiphopandelectronicmusic(forexample,musicplayedoncomputers)．你应该了解的有关嬉蹦乐的知识第一部分什么是嬉蹦乐？它是怎样开始的？嬉蹦乐是一场美国文化运动，始于20世纪70年代纽约，特别是布朗克斯区的街区舞会。嬉蹦乐包含四个主要元素：霹雳舞、涂鸦和另外两种嬉蹦乐音乐——流行音乐和说唱乐。说唱也称为节目主持(MCing源于masterofceremonies这个词的缩略形式)。20世纪70年代街区舞会上音乐主持人播放很多灵乐，他们注意到大家更喜欢乐曲中的打击乐，因为打击乐最适合跳舞。于是，他们开始重复播放这些打击乐。这是牙买加音乐主持人使用的一种技艺。纽约有许多牙买加人，他们从自己的国家带去了有关音乐的理念。起初，音乐主持人播放许多雷盖音乐。第二部分嬉蹦乐有何重大突破？埃尔克，当时最受欢迎的牙买加音乐主持人之一，注意到纽约观众并不真正喜欢雷盖音乐，于是他就开始播放其他种类的音乐，其中包括摇滚乐和迪斯科。这些打击乐通常很短，但埃尔克和其他音乐主持人利用摆放在一起的两个唱盘将两盘录音反复播放，使打击乐播放时间更长。有些音乐主持人开始边放音乐边说话、叫喊。大声喊叫的音乐主持人就被称之为节目主持人。这样，称之为“说唱乐”的音乐风格就诞生了。n起初，这些节目主持人常常表演数小时，重复同样的单词和短语，然后即兴表演。后来，他们尝试用不同的发声和奏乐方法，使用的押韵词汇经常是来自美籍非洲人的文化。与此同时，人们开始在街区舞会上跳街舞。节目主持人达克·斯达回忆他第一次听到说唱歌手演奏时的情景。“我一听，”他说，“就知道这是一种全新的音乐。”第三部分嬉蹦乐为什么会如此成功？主要有两个原因。首先，它的成本低廉且容易操作——你只需要两个唱盘和一个麦克风。使用录制好的歌曲，谁都可以当主持人。其次，人们厌倦了当时的流行音乐——20世纪70年代中期迪斯科和摇滚乐都在走下坡路。但是，迪斯科音乐节奏强烈，跳舞容易跟上节奏。嬉蹦乐利用了这一点，为那些不喜欢迪斯科的人们提供了别样的迪斯科音乐！第四部分说唱歌手是怎样录制歌曲的？说唱艺术家初次录制音乐时，音乐家先在录音室里录制背景音乐(一种不加歌声的音乐)，说唱歌手过后再加进他们自己的声音。第二代的说唱歌手在音乐家演奏时同时录制歌声。纽约在20世纪80年代曾是嬉蹦乐之都，其风格被称为东海岸说唱乐。这种风格很快就传到了美国其他地区。在加利福尼亚有许多西海岸说唱歌手。在佛罗里达州的迈阿密，受古巴和波多黎各音乐的强烈影响，产生了一种新的说唱风格。20世纪80年代后期，嬉蹦乐传到了世界各地——日本、印度以及欧洲的许多地区，特别是法国、比利时和意大利。在英国，一种被称之为迷幻舞曲的新音乐形式出现了，它融合了爵士乐、嬉蹦乐和电子音乐(例如电脑上播放的音乐)。