（全国版）高考英语unit1livingwithtechnology案（含解析）牛津译林版 20页

Unit1Livingwithtechnology(一)课前自主学习Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意1．evolutionn．　　　　　　　演变，发展；进化2．devicen.装置，设备3．percentagen.百分率，百分比4．storagen.存储，储藏(空间)5．foreseevt.预料，预见，预知6．patentn.专利权；专利证书7．relayvt.播放，转播；接转，转发n.接力赛；中继设备8．scepticaladj.怀疑的9．ampleadj.足够的，充足的，丰裕的10．batteryn.电池11．religiousadj.宗教的，宗教信仰的；虔诚的12．validadj.符合逻辑的，合理的，有根据的；(法律上)有效的13．shallowadj.肤浅的，浅薄的；浅的14．stableadj.稳定的；稳重的15．idiomn.习语，成语，惯用语16．portableadj.便携式的，轻便的17．electronicadj.电子的Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形1．drawbackn.缺点，缺陷；不利条件2．principlen.原理，法则；道德原则，行为准则3．delayvt.&vi.(使)推迟，延迟n.延误，延迟4．eventuallyadv.[纵联1]最后，终于5．allroundadj.功能齐全的；全面的6．circumstancen．[纵联2]条件，环境，状况7．merelyadv.仅仅，只不过n8．typicaladj.平常的；典型的，有代表性的；特有的9．sacrificevt.牺牲，献出n.牺牲，舍弃；祭品10．ridvt.摆脱；去除；丢弃11．suitableadj.合适的，适当的12．opposevt.反对，抵制，阻挠；与……竞争13．obviousadj.显然的，显而易见的14．distributevt.[纵联3]使分布，分散；分发，分配；分销15．rejectvt.拒绝，拒收；不予考虑，不予录用16．elegantadj.[纵联4](物品)雅致的，精美的；(人或其举止)优雅的Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变1．constructvt.制造；修筑，建造→constructionn．建筑2．accessibleadj.可使用的；可接触到的；可到达的；易理解的→accessn．通道，通路，入口；机会，权利3．adaptationn．适应；改编本，改写本→adaptv．适应4．casualadj.非正式的，随便的；漫不经心的，不经意的→casuallyadv.随便地；偶然地；临时地5．insurancen．保险；保障措施→insurevt.给……保险；确保6．translationn．翻译；转化→translatevt.&vi.翻译；转化→translatorn．翻译；译员，翻译家7．votevi.&vt.投票，选举，表决n.选票；选举，表决→votern．投票人；有选举权的人8．tightadj.亲密的，紧密的；紧的；紧身的；严密的→tightlyadv.紧紧地；坚固地纵联1.“最后，终于”集汇①eventually②finally③lastly④atlast⑤endup⑥intheend纵联2.不可忽视的“状况，情况”①circumstance环境，状况②condition状态；情况n③state状态，状况④situation情形，处境⑤status情形，状态；地位纵联3.不同的“分”法①distribute分配，分发；散布②divide分；划分；分离③assign分派，选派，分配④allocate分配，分派纵联4.“品质”荟萃①elegant高雅的②mature成熟的③sensible明智的④diligent勤奋的；用功的⑤shallow肤浅的⑥kind心善的，和蔼的⑦unselfish无私的⑧patient耐心的单元话题——与科技同在子话题1　网络科技①DigitalNatives数字原生代②socialnetwork社交网络③digitaldivide数字鸿沟④netizen网民⑤ecommerce电子商务⑥explosivegrowth爆炸式增长⑦userexperience用户体验⑧intelligentrecommendation智能推荐⑨recommendationengine推荐引擎子话题2　航空航天①嫦娥二号(探月卫星)Chang'e2(lunarprobe)②神舟十一号(宇宙飞船)ShenzhouⅪ(spacecraft)③载人飞船mannedspaceship/spacecraftn④载人航天mannedspaceflight⑤载人航天计划mannedspaceprogram⑥航天飞机spaceshuttle⑦无人飞船unmannedspaceship⑧通信卫星communicationsatellite⑨遥感卫星remotesensingsatellite⑩绕地球飞行orbittheearth[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用1．(2016·浙江高考阅读C)Somepsychologistssuggestthatyoungchildrenlearnaboutmorethanjustthephysicalworldinthisway—thattheyinvestigatehumanpsychologyandtherules❶oflanguageusingsimilarmeans.Forexample,itmayonly❷bethroughrepeatedexperiments,evidencegathering,andfinally❸overturningatheory,thatababywillcometoaccepttheideathatotherpeoplecanhavedifferentviewsanddesiresfromwhatheorshehas,forexample,unlikethechild,Mommyactuallydoesn'tlike❹Dovechocolate.①写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：principle，短语in_principle意为“原则上，大体上”。②加黑词可用本单元单词merely进行升级。③加黑词可用本单元单词eventually进行升级，其形容词为eventual，意为“最后的，最终的”；其名词为eventuality，意为“可能发生的事情，可能出现的结果”。④写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：oppose，意为“反对，抵制”。2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironments❶aremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessselfconscious(难为情)whenthey'reinpoorly❷litplaces—andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn'thaveenoughwindowlight,get❸morelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.①写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：circumstance，构成短语：in/under_the_circumstances，意为“在这种情况下”；in/under_no_circumstances意为“在任何情况下决不，无论如何都不”。②写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：ample③写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：rid，意为“摆脱”，可构成短语：rid_sb._of_sth.，意为“使某人摆脱某物”。n高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)在这种环境中，排球队与篮球队每天进行两个小时的训练也是适当的。(circumstance,suitable)Under_such_circumstance,_it_is_suitable_for_a_volleyball_team_and_a_basketball_team_to_train_for_two_hours_a_day.2．(2017·浙江高考书面表达)最终，在朋友们的帮助下，Mac摆脱了那匹狼。(eventually,rid)Eventually,_Mac_got_rid_of_the_wolf_with_his_friends'_help.(二)课堂重点释疑1．delayvt.&vi.(使)推迟，延迟n．延误，延迟[记牢](1)delaydoingsth.　　　　　推迟做某事(2)withoutdelay毫不延迟地，立即thedelayindoingsth.延迟做某事[练通]片段语法填空①Therewasadelayoftwohoursbeforetheplanetookoff.Therefore,wehadtodelayholding(hold)themeetinguntilthreeo'clockintheafternoon.Afterthat,theplanwouldbecarriedoutwithoutdelay.Ifnot,wemightbeunabletofinishthetaskintime.完成句子②Wedecidedtodelay_going_on_our_holidaytillnextmonthbecauseofthebadweather.因为恶劣的天气，我们决定把假期推迟到下个月。③Hewascriticizedforhis_delay_in_taking_care_ofthematter.他由于没有及时处理这件事而受到批评。[用准]　delay用作动词时后常跟名词或动名词作宾语，不能跟动词不定式，可与putoff互换。[写美]④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)通常来说，你到达的时间不应该延误，最好是早几分钟。Generally_speaking,_your_arrival_shouldn't_be_delayed.A_few_minutes_earlier_is_the_best.n2．distributevt.使分布，分散；分发，分配；分销[记牢](1)distribute...to...　　　　把……分配给……distribute...among...在……中分发或分配(2)distributionn.分配，分布；分发，分送distributorn.经销商；分配者[练通]　单句语法填空①TheRedCrossorganizedthedistribution(distribute)offoodandclothinginthedisasterarea.②Youcangetthebookthroughyourlocaldistributor(distribute)．③(2013·江西高考)PerhapstheUNOcouldsetupabodyofdevotedmenandwomenineverycountrywhocanspeedilydistributeaidtovictimsoffloodsandearthquakes.[写美]④(2012·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)蛋糕会被切开分发给我们，然后我们会唱歌和玩游戏。The_cake_will_be_cut_and_distributed_among_us_and_then_we'll_sing_songs_and_play_games.3．obviousadj.显然的，显而易见的[记牢](1)It'sobviousthat...　　很显然……beobvioustosb.对某人是显而易见的(2)obviouslyadv.明显地，显而易见地[练通]　单句语法填空①Grammaticalerrorsarealwaysobvioustome,andspellingmistakesstandout.②(2012·福建高考)Thismeetingwoulddecidehisfuturelife,andheobviously(obvious)knewit.③ItwasobviousthatIwasgoingtobelate,asIhadmistakenlyboardedabusthatwastakingmeintheoppositedirection.[写美]④(2009·北京高考书面表达)图画里的人想模仿我们。很明显，他做得很艰难。The_man_in_the_picture_is_trying_to_copy_us.Obviously,_he_is_doing_it_the_hard_way.4．suitableadj.合适的，适当的n[记牢](1)besuitablefor...　　　　　适合……besuitabletodosth.适合做某事(2)suitvt.对……合适；合身，适合vi.合适，相称n.一套衣服，套装suitsth.tosb./sth.使某事适合于某人/物(3)suitedadj.合适的；般配的besuitedto...适合于……[练通]单句语法填空①Mr.Smithdecidedthathewasnotsuited(suit)tothelifeinasmalltown,sohereturnedtothecity.②Agoodteachersuitshislessonstotheageofhispupils.③Thesimplicityofthebookmakesitsuitableforchildren.单句改错④Youcanchoosetheonebestsuitedofyourteam,project,anddevelopmentprocess.of→to[写美]⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)当你去中国朋友家吃饭时，带着些水果是合适的。It_is_suitable_to_carry_some_fruit_when_you_go_to_your_Chinese_friend's_home_for_dinner.5．rejectvt.拒绝，拒收；不予考虑，不予录用[记牢](1)rejectdoingsth.　　　拒绝做某事rejectone'ssuggestion/demand/offer拒绝某人的建议/要求/提议(2)rejectionn.拒绝，拒收[练通]　单句语法填空①Newsofanotherjobrejection(reject)disheartenedherbadly.②IwantedtoknowwhyTomrejectedlending(lend)hiscartome.[用准]　reject后只接doing作宾语，而refuse,decline后接动词不定式作宾语。[写美]③(2013·湖南高考书面表达)我认为我们输掉比赛的主要原因是我们没有接受教练的n建议。I_think_the_main_reason_why_we_lost_the_match_is_that_we_rejected_our_trainer's_suggestion.6．opposevt.反对，抵制，阻挠；与……竞争[记牢](1)oppose(sb./sb.'s)doingsth.反对(某人)做某事(2)opposedadj.反对的；相反的beopposedto反对；对抗(to是介词)(3)oppositeadj.相反的，对立的prep.与……相反；在……对面beoppositeto...在……对面，与……相反[练通]单句语法填空①Only18percentofthosesurveyedwereopposedtotheidea.②Thepostofficeisopposite(oppose)tothefirstteachingbuilding.单句改错③Ourmembersaredefinitelyopposedtomakeconcessions(让步)onthesafetyquestion.make→making④Theresultwasquiteoppositewithwhatwehadexpected.with→to一句多译很多教育家强烈反对过度保护孩子。⑤Manyeducatorsstrongly_oppose_protectingchildrentoomuch.(oppose)⑥Manyeducatorsare_strongly_opposed_to_protectingchildrentoomuch.(opposed)[写美]⑦(2013·四川高考书面表达)好习惯总是带来高效率，坏习惯则相反。Good_habits_always_lead_to_high_efficiency,_while_bad_ones_bring_the_opposite.7．typicaladj.平常的；典型的，有代表性的；特有的[记牢](1)betypicalof　　　　　　　　是……的特点Itistypicalofsb.todosth.某人一向做某事，做某事是某人的典型特征(2)typicallyadv.典型地[练通]　单句语法填空n①Samuelcan'thelphavingabignose—itistypicalofhimtobecuriousaboutothers'affairs.②(2013·浙江高考)Whenevertheyounganimalisfrightened,disturbed,orannoyed,ittypically(typical)rushestoitsmotherandrubsitselfagainstherbody.③(2011·重庆高考)Hischildhoodlackedtheharmony(和睦)thatwastypicalofahappyfamily.[写美]④(2013·广东高考书面表达)以我为典例。有一次，父母外出旅游时，我独自住了一个星期。Take_me_as_a_typical_example.I_once_lived_alone_for_a_week_when_my_parents_went_out_traveling.8．sacrificevt.牺牲，献出n．牺牲，舍弃；祭品[记牢](1)sacrifice...for...　　　　　为……牺牲……(2)makesacrifice(s)for为……作出牺牲atthesacrificeof...以牺牲……为代价[练通]　完成句子①Thefactisthatmanywomenmake_sacrifices_fortheirfamilies.事实是许多女性都为她们的家庭作出了牺牲。②Wedon'thavetopromoteeconomicgrowthat_the_sacrifice_ofenvironmentalprotection.我们不必为了促进经济增长而以牺牲环境作为代价。[写美]③(2015·浙江高考书面表达)我作出选择的主要原因是我在一个强调集体主义(collectivism)的文化中长大，我倾向于为了集体利益而牺牲自己的利益。The_main_reason_for_my_choice_is_that_being_brought_up_in_a_culture_emphasizing_collectivism,_I_tend_to_sacrifice_my_own_interest_for_the_group_benefit.[词汇过关综合训练]　Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Thepercentage(比例)ofgirlsinengineeringhasincreasedsubstantially.2．Olderwomenlookbestinclassicallyelegant(优雅的)styles.3．(2015·陕西高考)Thefindingschallengeakeyprinciple(原则)ofmodernnparenting(养育子女)whereschoolsexpectthemtoactaspartnersintheirchildren'seducation.4．Wecan'tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn'tevenexistifitweren'tforcasual(随意的)conversation.5．Hesacrificed(牺牲)hisownschoolingsothathisbrothercouldgotocollegeforlackofmoney.6．Iamnotsoviolentlybentuponmyownopinionastoreject(拒绝)anyofferproposedbywisemen.7．Itisobvious(明显的)thatevenifwecansavemuchenergy,wecanonlydelaytheenergycrisis.8．Employersusuallydecidewithinfiveminuteswhethersomeoneissuitable(适合的)forthejob.9．Rainfallhasbeenevenlydistributed(分布)thisyearandagoodharvestcanbeexpected.10．Atfirsthewasopposed(反对的)tothescheme,butwemanagedtoarguehimround.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．However,planningandconstruction(construct)foroneplanttakesupto15years.2．Mothersoftensacrificethemselvesfortheirchildren.3．Acountryneedsadefencecapabilityasinsurance(insure)againsttheunexpected.4．Ihopeourcountryhasanequaldistribution(distribute)ofincomeandwealth.5．Suddenlyacarcameroundacornerontheopposite(oppose)side.6．Thebookdescribedtheadaptation(adapt)ofdesertspeciestothehotconditions.7．WhatIhavefoundhelpfulisformetobementallypreparedtofacerejection(reject)．8．They'dsoonbepennilessandhomelessifshecouldn'tfindsuitable(suit)work.Ⅲ.单句改错1．Allthesemeasuresmustbecarriedthroughwithoutthedelay.去掉the2．Obvious,theabilitytotalkissomethingthatmarkshumansofffromnanimals.Obvious→Obviously3．Thebookswillbedistributedfreeonlocalschools.on→to4．Itseemsthatheisopposedtogoabroad.go→going5．Tomwaslateagain—thatwastypicalofhimtokeepotherswaiting.that→itⅣ.完成句子1．Hesucceededintheexperimentat_the_sacrifice_ofhishealth.他以牺牲自己的健康为代价取得了实验的成功。2．Hetoldhisparentshewas_opposed_to/opposed_movingabroad.他告诉父母他反对移民国外。3．Asisknown,Confucianculturesare_typical_ofChineseculture.众所周知，儒家文化是中国文化的典型。4．It_is_obvious_to_the_studentsthattheyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.很明显，对学生们来说，他们应该为他们的未来做好充分的准备。(一)课前自主学习1．in_general　　　　　　　　　总的来说，一般而言2．adjust_to适应3．have_access_to有使用……的权利(机会)4．wind_up上发条5．for_good_measure[串记1]额外，另外6．a_large_amount_of许多7．on_sale出售，上市；折价销售8．answer_for对……负责9．in_particular特别地，尤其10．benefit_from[串记2]从……中受益11．contribute_to有助于；对……作出贡献12．keep_pace_with[串记3]与……并驾齐驱；与……同步13．rely_on依靠，依赖；相信，信赖n14．be_shaped_like形状像15．keep_in_touch_with与……保持联系16．focus_on集中于17．be_absorbed_in全神贯注于18．rid__...of_...使……免除……；使……摆脱……[同根短语串记]串记1.for短语集训营①forsale出售②forfree免费③forsure肯定地④forgood永久地⑤forinstance/example例如⑥forgoodmeasure额外串记2.走进“v.＋from”家园①datefrom追溯到②hearfrom收到……的来信③resultfrom由于，因为④escapefrom从……逃脱⑤benefitfrom从……中受益⑥takefrom从……中摘取串记3.keep短语大团圆①keepintouchwith与……保持联系②keeppacewith与……并驾齐驱③keepaway(from)(使)避开；不接近④keepoff(使)避开；让开⑤keepaneyeon照看；留意⑥keepupwith跟上；不落后1．makeimportantbreakthroughs　　　　取得重大突破2．easytocarry易携带3．theprimarymeansof……的主要方式4．inmanyaspects在许多方面5．withoutanyexplanation没有任何解释n6．dealwithstrangers同陌生人打交道7．buildrelationships_withmanypeople和许多人建立关系8．overatelephonewire通过电话线1．JohnLogieBairdconstructedthefirstcolourTVin1928,butit_was_not_until_1938_thatthefirstcolourTVprogrammewasbroadcast.约翰·洛吉·贝尔德于1928年制造出第一台彩色电视机，但直到1938年第一个彩色电视节目才播出。2．When_askedlaterwhatthecallwasabout,yourfriendalwaysanswers,‘Oh,nothingreally.’当随后被问到电话里讲的什么时，你的朋友总是回答道，“噢，真的没什么。”3．Ifthecallwasreallyabout‘nothing’，thenwhywasitso_important_as_tointerruptyourconversationandwasteyourprecioustime?如果那个电话真的“没什么”，那么为什么它如此重要以至于打断你们的谈话并浪费你们的宝贵时间呢？[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块和句式(完成句子)1．(2014·天津高考阅读A)Allstudentshave_access_to(可以进入)theWritingCentreontheupperfloorofDouglasHall.Here,qualifiedvolunteerswillworkwithyouonwrittenwork,grammar,vocabulary,andotheracademicskills.2．(2011·北京高考完形填空)AtfirstIthoughtitwasacrazyideabecauseIdidn'thaveagoodsenseofbalance,nordidIhavetheabilitytokeep_pace_with_the_others(与其他人同步)ontheteamandtheywouldteaseme.高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式1．(2015·福建高考书面表达)Aweakrayoflightcameinthroughasmallholeinthewallandheconcentratedon(was_absorbed_in或focused_on)hisreading.(用本单元短语替换加黑短语)2．(2014·重庆高考书面表达)这样我们才能在有困难的时候找到可以依靠的人。否则我们迟早要为我们的自私付出代价。(用“状语从句中的省略，answerfor”翻译句子)Then_we_can_have_someone_to_turn_to_when_in_trouble.Otherwise_we'll_have_to_answer_for_our_selfishness_sooner_or_later.(二)课堂重点释疑n[短语集释]1．keepintouchwith与……保持联系[记牢]getintouchwithsb.　　　和某人取得联系(动作)beintouchwithsb.和某人保持联系(状态)losetouchwithsb.和某人失去联系(动作)beoutoftouchwithsb.和某人失去联系(状态)[练通]　选用上述短语填空①Tomakeiteasiertoget_in_touch_withus,you'dbetterkeepthiscardathand.②Dotelephonemeasoftenasyoucan.Idon'twanttolose_touch_withyou.③Keeping_in_touch_withourfriendsisanimportantpartoffriendship.[用准]　keep/beintouchwith和beoutoftouchwith表状态，可与时间段连用；而getintouchwith和losetouchwith表动作，不能与时间段连用。[写美]④(2011·广东高考书面表达)他没有手机或其他方式与他的父母取得联系。He_had_no_mobile_phone_or_other_means_to_get_in_touch_with_his_parents.⑤(2010·安徽高考书面表达)我需要手机与我的朋友和家人保持联系。I_need_a_cell_phone_to_keep_in_touch_with_my_friends_and_family.2．rid...of...使……免除……；使……摆脱……[记牢]ridoneselfof...　　　　　　使某人自己摆脱……beridof...摆脱……getridof...摆脱/扔掉/辞掉……[练通]单句语法填空①(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Gradually,thisnoisebegantoappearduringashow,andtogetridofit,Ihadtochangetoanotherchannelandthenchangeitback.②Whycouldn'theeverridhimself(he)ofthosethoughts,thoseworries?一句多译作为一名学生，你应该改掉你的坏习惯。③Asastudent,youshouldrid_yourself_ofthebadhabits.④Asastudent,youshouldbe/get_rid_ofthebadhabits.[写美]n⑤(2014·安徽高考书面表达)其次，和朋友一起去户外做一些团队游戏，这是一个使你摆脱愤怒的有效方法。Second,_go_outdoors_and_play_team_games_with_your_friends,_which_is_an_effective_way_to_get_rid_of_your_anger.[句式集释]1．状语从句的省略[教材原句]　When_askedlaterwhatthecallwasabout,yourfriendalwaysanswers，‘Oh,nothingreally.’[悟拓展例句](1)When_askedwhereshewasfrom,thelittlegirlwasonlycrying,sayingnothing.当被问及她来自哪里的时候，小女孩只是哭，什么也没有说。(2)Work_hard_when_young,_oryou'llregret.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。(3)When_telephoningLondonnumbersfromabroad,dial1,not01.从国外往伦敦打电话时，要拨1，不要拨01。[析用法规则]用法归纳具备下列条件之一时，时间、条件、让步、比较、方式状语从句常省略从句的主语和be：(1)从句的主语是it且从句谓语中含有be动词的某种形式。(2)从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且从句谓语中含有be动词的某种形式。[背写作佳句](1)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)WhentoldyouareinterestedinTangpoems,Iamverydelighted.(开头句)(2)(2018·江苏高考满分作文)Therefore,weshouldgiveasecondthoughttotheseratingswhengoingshopping.(要点句)2．so＋adj.＋asto...[教材原句]　Ifthecallwasreallyabout‘nothing’，thenwhywasitso_important_as_tointerruptyourconversationandwasteyourprecioustime?[悟拓展例句](1)Thegirlwasso_excited_as_toshoutherselfhoarse.那个女孩是那么地兴奋，以至于嗓子都喊哑了。(2)Sometimesmyfriendgoestothelibraryso_as_to_borrowbooks.n我朋友有时去图书馆为的是借书。[析用法规则]用法归纳(1)so＋adj./adv.＋asto...意为“如此……以至于……”，表示结果。(2)soasto意为“为了；以便”，表示目的，不能放在句首，可与inorderto互换。注意事项so...asto...的否定式为so...asnotto...,soasto...的否定式为soasnotto...。[背写作佳句](1)(2017·北京高考满分作文)Thevideowassoperfectastobewellreceived.Thestudentsandteacherssharedagreattime.(要点句)(2)(2011·江苏高考满分作文)Whenwemisunderstandsomeoneweknow,evennotintentionally,wearegenerallyexpectedtoapologizesoastoimprovethesituation.(要点句)[词块、句式过关综合训练]Ⅰ.选词填空keepintouchwith,onsale,answerfor,contributeto,forgoodmeasure,keeppacewith,focuson,beabsorbedin1．Thelatestmodelofthiswasherisnowon_saleinyourshops.2．Heratherthanyoushouldanswer_fortheaccidentbecauseofcarelessdriving.3．Ilikesportsandoutdooractivities.For_good_measure,_I'measytogetalongwithandIliketomakefriends.4．Theirinventionshavecontributed_tothedevelopmentofelectricalengineering.5．NowwecanusetheInternettokeep_in_touch_witheachother.6．Increasesinhomepricesshouldtypicallykeep_pace_withincreasesinwages.7．AsJohnwas_absorbed_inpainting,hedidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.8．Collegeiswhenweshouldfocus_onaspecificmajor,buthighschooliswhenwehavetofigureitout.Ⅱ.句式升级1．Hewashappyandwantedtomakeeveryoneknowit.→He_was_so_happy_as_to_want_to_make_everyone_know_it.(so...asto)n2．Youshouldstaywhereyouare,unlessyouareaskedtoleave.→You_should_stay_where_you_are,_unless_asked_to_leave.(状语从句的省略)3．Theydidn'tbeginthetestuntiltheprofessorcame.→It_was_not_until_the_professor_came_that_they_began_the_test.(强调句型)Ⅲ.分步写作假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Lisa将于2022年来中国参加冬奥会，她来信向你咨询如何提高汉语水平，请你用英语给她写一封回信，提出建议并说明理由。注意：1.词数100左右；2．信中不能出现与本人相关的信息。第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点本文属于建议信，时态为一般现在时，人称以第一、二人称为主。文章应从以下三方面进行构思：回应对方的来信→提出建议→作出总结并表示祝愿。写作的重难点在第二层次，应联系实际给出具体的建议。要点1－①：回应对方来信：得知你要来中国我非常高兴。(morethandelighted)I'm_more_than_delighted_to_learn_that_you_will_come_to_China.要点1－②：点出写信目的：为了提高你的汉语水平，我想给你一些建议。(suggestion)I_want_to_give_you_some_suggestions_to_improve_your_Chinese.要点2－①：日常生活中多交中国朋友。(makefriends)Make_more_Chinese_friends_in_your_daily_life.要点2－②：听中文歌曲和看中文电影也是很好的方式。(way)Listening_to_Chinese_songs_and_watching_Chinese_movies_are_also_good_ways.要点2－③：我们可以用中文写信来保持联系。(keepintouchwith)We_can_keep_in_touch_with_each_other_by_writing_letters_in_Chinese.要点3：我希望你会觉得这些建议对你有益，并祝你的汉语水平得到大幅度提升。(beneficial)I_hope_you_will_find_these_suggestions_beneficial_and_make_great_progress_in_Chinese.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼为使内容更加充实，我们需要对要点进行适当的补充，增加一些细节。例如，要点1，可具体化对方来中国的缘由，另外，宜用委婉的语气提出自己的建议。要点2，补充每一项建议提出的理由，使之更具有说服力。拓展1－①：得知你要来中国参加2022年冬奥会，我很高兴。(现在分词作状语)Learning_that_you_will_come_to_China_for_the_2022_Winter_Olympic_Games,_I'mn_more_than_delighted.拓展1－②：关于如何提高你的汉语水平，我想给你一些建议。(asfor,wouldliketo)As_for_how_to_improve_your_Chinese,_I'd_like_to_give_you_some_suggestions.拓展2－①：日常生活中多交中国朋友，你可以和他们一起练习中文口语。(withwhom引导的定语从句，practice)Make_more_Chinese_friends_in_your_daily_life,_with_whom_you_can_practice_your_spoken_Chinese.拓展2－②：听中文歌曲和看中文电影也是很好的帮你开阔视野、更好地理解中文的方式。(which引导的定语从句，broaden,gain)Listening_to_Chinese_songs_and_watching_Chinese_movies_are_also_good_ways,_which_can_help_you_broaden_your_horizons_and_gain_a_better_understanding_of_Chinese.拓展2－③：我们可以用中文写信来保持联系，这对你的中文写作很有益。(现在分词作状语，benefit)We_can_keep_in_touch_with_each_other_by_writing_letters_in_Chinese,_benefiting_your_writing_level.第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡本文为建议信，可用陈述建议时常用的衔接词：tobeginwith,what'smore,lastbutnotleast,mainly等进行衔接，使文章层层展开，逻辑分明。Dear_Lisa，Learning_that_you_will_come_to_China_for_the_2022_Winter_Olympic_Games,_I'm_more_than_delighted._As_for_how_to_improve_your_Chinese,_I'd_like_to_give_you_some_suggestions.To_begin_with,_make_more_Chinese_friends_in_your_daily_life,_with_whom_you_can_practice_your_spoken_Chinese._What's_more,_listening_to_Chinese_songs_and_watching_Chinese_movies_are_also_good_ways,_which_can_help_you_broaden_your_horizons_and_gain_a_better_understanding_of_Chinese._Last_but_not_least,_we_can_keep_in_touch_with_each_other_by_writing_letters_in_Chinese,_mainly_benefiting_your_writing_level.I_hope_you_will_find_these_suggestions_beneficial_and_make_great_progress_in_Chinese.Yours,_Li_Huan理清句间结构之(三)　转折句间的转折处也是体现作者观点和文章主题的地方，作者经常通过先抑后扬的方法在转折词之后才明确提出自己的观点。转折词前后的意思一般来说都是相反的，而作者会偏重其中的某一方。因此，在阅读过程中看到转折词，考生最好能作上标记以方便做题时查找。一些明显的转折词包括but,however,onthecontrary,yet(句首),still(句首),asamatteroffact,infact,instead,nevertheless,while等。[高考典例1]　2013·湖北卷·完形填空Thehousecame45(alive)thenextfewdays.Zigfried46(enjoyed)everysinglehourofthem.__47__，thedaybeforeChristmaswhenhewasdrinkinghotchocolatewitha48(satisfied)smileatthedoorofhishome,heheardthe49(discussion)ofthechildrenofthefamilyaboutwhattheymightgetforChristmas.What?Acat?The50(smile)frozeonhisface...47．A.However　　　　　　　B．InsteadC．MoreoverD．Therefore[分析]　从47空前后文的关系来看，此处表示转折关系，故用however。[高考典例2]　2014·山东卷·完形填空ButCharlottehadbeenpractisingwithoutalicence.Shehad34(applied_for)adoctor'slicenceinbothMontrealandWinnipeg,butwas__35__.35．A.punishedB．refusedC．blamedD．fired[分析]　由转折词but可知她曾申请行医执照，但是被拒绝了。故选B项。[高考典例3]　2015·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读七选五Youdidn'tlose“everything”.Oncetrustislost,whatisleft?Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle,lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.__40__Instead,it'sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.A．Learntoreallytrustyourself.B．Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.C．Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.D．Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.E．They'vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan'tbeartoletithappenagain.F．Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.nG．Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn'tmeanyou'reignoringwhathappened.[分析]　空格的上文指出要看到生活中积极的一面。下文中的Instead一词说明空格和下文存在着行文逆转，即转折关系。分析七个选项，只有G项(看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见)合适。[高考典例4]　2013·浙江卷·B篇Whichworksharder,yourheartoryourbrain?Thatkindofdependsonwhetheryou'rebusythinkingorbusyexercising.Yourheartworksuptothreetimesharderduringexercise,andshiftsenoughbloodoveralifetimetofillasupertanker.But,inthelongrun,yourbrainprobablytipsit,becauseevenwhenyou'resittingstillyourbrainisusingtwiceasmuchenergyasyourheart,andittakesfourtofivetimesasmuchbloodtofeedit.Q：WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutourbrainisTRUE?A．Inthelongrun,ourbrainprobablyworksharderthanourheart.B．Whenourbrainsensesthespinning,wewillfeeldizzy.C．Thebrainsoftheothermammalsareascomplexasthoseofhumans.D．Ourfeelingsandemotionscomefromthemostdevelopedareainourbrain.[分析]　本题是在转折处设题。本段的小标题：心脏和大脑，谁的工作强度大？对于此问题的解释是要看你是在思考还是在锻炼。本段前面指出，在进行体育锻炼时，心脏的工作强度大。接着通过转折句(But,inthelongrun...)指出从长远来看，大脑的工作强度比心脏的工作强度大。故选A。