（全国版）高考英语unit2sportsevents学案（含解析）牛津译林版必修4 23页

Unit2Sportsevents(一)课前自主学习Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意1．committeen．　　　　委员会2．contemporaryadj.现代的，当代的；同一时代的3．boundaryn.边界，界限4．refereen.裁判；推荐人5．whistlen.哨子，口哨；呼啸，鸣叫vi.吹口哨，吹哨子；呼啸，鸣叫6．nationn.国家，民族；全体国民7．flamen.火焰8．gymnasticsn.体操，体操训练9．movementn.社会运动；移动，活动；进展10．continentn.洲，大陆11．citizenn.公民；居民12．toastn.烤面包片；干杯，敬酒vt.烤(面包)；为……干杯13．stadiumn．[纵联1]体育场，运动场Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形1．attemptn．&vt.尝试，努力，试图2．otherwiseadv.否则，不然3．removevt.去除，移开；开除；免除，解除(职务)4．tievt.打成平局；(用绳、线)系，绑，捆5．delightedadj.愉快的，高兴的6．honourn.尊敬；荣幸；节操；荣誉vt.尊敬，尊重(某人)7．meanwhileadv.与此同时；在此期间8．preciousadj.[纵联2]宝贵的，珍贵的9．routinen．&adj.常规(的)10．budgetn.预算vi.&vt.编制预算n11．wellknownadj.著名的12．originn.起源，起因；出身13．outdoorsadv.往户外，在户外n.户外；野外14．associationn．[纵联3]协会，社团；关联；联想15．reportern.记者16．transportn.vt.[纵联4]交通运输系统；交通工具；运输运输，运送Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变1．competevi.比赛；竞争→competitionn．比赛；竞争→competitiveadj.竞争的，竞赛的→competitorn．比赛者；竞赛者2．absencen．缺席，不在场；不存在→absentadj.缺席的，缺少的；心不在焉的3．powern．力量；能量；权力；影响力；统治vt.驱动，提供动力→powerfuladj.强大的，强有力的4．excitevt.使激动，使兴奋→excitedadj.兴奋的，激动的→excitingadj.令人激动的，使人兴奋的→excitementn．兴奋，激动5．traditionn．传统；风俗→traditionaladj.传统的6．techniquen．技术，工艺，技巧→technicaladj.技术的；工艺的→technologyn．技术；科技7．unfairadj.不公正的，不公平的→fairadj.公平的8．frequentadj.频繁的，经常发生的→frequentlyadv.屡次；频繁地→frequencyn．频率，频繁9．championn．冠军，优胜者→championshipn．锦标赛；冠军称号10．unusualadj.特别的，不寻常的；与众不同的→usualadj.平常的，与以往一样的11．finaladj.最终的，最后的n.决赛→finallyadv.最后12．significancen．重要性，意义→significantadj.有重大意义的；显著的纵联1.“校园设施”知多少？①stadium体育场　　　　　②library图书馆③gymhall体操馆④canteen餐厅，食堂⑤dormitory宿舍，公寓⑥laboratory实验室⑦playground操场n纵联2.慧眼识别“形似词”①②③④纵联3.“联系”高频词一览①link②touch③contact④relation⑤connection⑥association纵联4.各种“运输”①publictransport公共交通②transportbyair空运③transportregularly定期运送④transportswiftly运送快捷单元话题——体育赛事子话题1　运动项目与场地　①athleticsn．田径运动②marathonn．马拉松③badmintonn．羽毛球运动④hockeyn．曲棍球⑤baseballn．棒球运动⑥courtn．球场⑦pitchn．(足球、橄榄球等)球场⑧trackn．跑道子话题2　运动员与赛事①amateurn．业余运动员②professionaln．职业球员③coachn．教练④fouln．犯规⑤defeatvt.打败⑥defendv．防守⑦titlen．(重大体育比赛中的)冠军⑧tournamentn．锦标赛，联赛⑨Paralympicsn．残疾人运动会⑩sportsmanshipn．体育精神[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用1．(2017·北京高考阅读D)Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociate❶withlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotinborn,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthenmachinecannotachieveitsoriginal❷purposeifitisdead.①写出加黑词在本单元的名词形式：association,_associate...with意为：将……和……联系起来②写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：origin2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwas__❶__(delight)atthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.Hispresence❷meantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect(感染)otherstudents.①用所给词的适当形式填空：delighted，本词意为“高兴的，愉快的”，常用来描述人的感受；同根词delightful常用来描述事物给人的感觉，意为“令人愉快的，可爱的”。②写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：absence，表示“缺席，不在”时后面常接介词from。高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)两支球队每天都训练两小时，有规律地参加比赛。(competition)Both_teams_train_for_two_hours_a_day_and_participate_in_competitions_regularly.2．(2015·天津高考书面表达)今年七月我们将参加你们学校举办的夏令营，这让我们非常兴奋。(excited)We_will_go_to_take_part_in_the_summer_camp_held_by_your_school_this_July,_which_makes_us_very_excited.(二)课堂重点释疑1．delightedadj.高兴的，愉快的[记牢](1)bedelightedat/with/by...　　　　对……高兴bedelightedtodosth.很高兴做某事bedelighted＋that从句很高兴……(2)delightn．　[U]高兴，快乐；[C]使人高兴的事，乐事　vt.&vi.(使)高兴have/find/takedelightin(doing)...高兴(做)……；以(做)……为乐ntoone'sdelight/tothedelightofsb.令某人高兴的是with/indelight高兴地，乐意地(3)delightfuladj.令人愉快的[练通]单句语法填空①Theprofessorwasdelightedto_find(find)thattwothirdsoftheprojectshadalreadybeenfinishedbythestudentsindependently.②Hejumpedwith/indelightwhenhewastoldthathehadbeenadmittedtothekeyuniversity.③Thankyouverymuchforinvitingmetothisdelightful(delight)dinner.完成句子④(2015·福建高考)To_my_delight(令我高兴的是),Iwaschosenfromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.⑤Peoplestilltake/have/find_delight_in(以……为乐)talkingaboutthelegendarystories.[写美]⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)知道你对唐诗感兴趣，我很高兴。现在我写信告诉你下一节课的计划。I_am_delighted_to_know_you_are_interested_in_Tang_poems._Now_I'm_writing_to_tell_you_the_plan_for_the_next_class.2．competevi.比赛；竞争[记牢](1)competein　　　　参加……比赛；在……方面竞争competefor为……而竞争competewith/against...for为争取……而与……对抗/竞争(2)competitionn.比赛competitorn.竞争者；对手competitiveadj.有竞争力的[练通]单句语法填空①Iamverydelightedatgettingachanceto_compete(compete)inthefinal.②Hewascleverenoughtocompeteforthemathematicsscholarship.③Nobodycanentirelykeepawayfromthiscompetitive(compete)world.n根据汉语提示完成语段Astheyoungest④competitor,_Ihadto⑤compete_inthewritingcontest⑥against/with20othertopstudents⑦fortheannualwritingaward.Imustbevery⑧competitivetobethewinner.作为最小的比赛者，我必须和另外20名顶尖的学生在写作比赛中竞争以获得年度写作奖。要成为获胜者，我必须有很强的竞争力。[写美]⑨(2013·天津高考书面表达)我们可以在辩论比赛或演讲比赛中与其他大学的学生进行竞争。We_can_compete_with_students_from_other_universities_in_debate_contests_or_speech_contests.3．honourn．尊敬；荣幸；节操；荣誉vt.尊敬，尊重(某人)；给予荣誉[记牢](1)inhonourof　　　　　　　为了纪念，为了庆祝inone'shonour为了纪念某人beone'shonourtodosth.某人很荣幸做某事havethehonourofdoing/todosth.　有幸做某事Itissb.'s/anhonourtodosth.做某事是某人的荣幸/一件荣幸的事(2)honouredadj.受尊敬的，感到荣幸的be/feelhonouredtodosth.很荣幸做某事behonouredwith...被授予……behonouredas...被授予……的称号[练通]单句语法填空①Ifeelhonoured(honour)tobeinvitedtogiveyoualectureonhowtoimproveEnglishreadingability.②Ihavethehonourto_make(make)aspeechtowelcometherespectedguests.③WecelebrateTeachers'Dayeveryyearinhonourofteachers.完成句子④Hesaidthathedidnotstealthebookandthathispersonal_honour(个人名誉)hadbeenattacked.⑤Ifyouhonour_somebody(尊重某人),yourespecthis/hergoodfameandlookuptohim/her.n一句多译我很荣幸能代表我们公司参加这次会议。⑥Ihave_the_honour_of_attendingtheconferenceonbehalfofourcompany.(honour)⑦It_is_my_honour_to_attendtheconferenceonbehalfofourcompany.(honour)⑧Ifeel_honoured_to_attendtheconferenceonbehalfofourcompany.(honoured)[写美]⑨(2014·江西高考书面表达)我很荣幸能与你们分享我对高中学习的看法。It_is_my_honour_to_be_here_to_share_with_you_my_opinions_on_what_to_learn_in_senior_high_school.4．absencen．缺席，不在场；不存在；缺乏，没有[记牢](1)absencefromwork/class　　缺勤/缺课in/duringone'sabsence＝in/duringtheabsenceofsb.在某人不在/缺席的时候in/duringtheabsenceofsth.在缺乏某物的时候absenceofmind(＝absentmindedadj.)心不在焉(2)absentadj.不在的；缺席的；茫然的beabsentfrom不参加……；缺席……[练通]单句语法填空①Iwillgoonabusinesstriptomorrow;Markwillbeinchargeofthecompanyin/duringmyabsence.②WhenIspoketohim,helookedatmeinanabsent(absence)wayanddidn'tanswer.③Hewasabsentfromtheconferenceyesterdaybecauseofhissuddenheartdisease.完成句子④However,learningEnglishasaforeignlanguageisverydifficultin_the_absence_of_a_native_environment(在缺乏母语环境的时候)．⑤Thetotalabsence_of_mind(心不在焉)causedhimtofailtheexam.[用准]　如：absentfromShanghai“不在上海”；absentinShanghai“在上海”。n[写美]⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)电影结束后，每个班级应该进行讨论，任何人不允许缺席。After_the_film,_each_class_is_supposed_to_have_a_discussion_and_no_one_shall_be_absent_from_it.5．attemptn．&vt.尝试，努力，试图；企图[记牢](1)makeanattempttodo/atdoingsth.试图做某事　　　　　　atthefirstattempt第一次尝试(2)attempttodosth.＝try/seektodosth.努力做某事；企图做某事(3)attemptedadj.未遂的[练通]单句语法填空①Heattemptedto_get(get)intouchwiththembutwithoutsuccess.②Jimhadpreparedcarefullyforhisdrivingtestsothathecouldbesureofpassingitat_thefirstattempt.③Themanwasbeingquestionedabouttheattempted(attempt)murderlastnight.句型转换④HeattemptedtopasstheCET4,butfailedintheend.→Hemadeanattemptatpassing/topasstheCET4,butfailedintheend.[用准]　attempttodosth.和try/seektodosth.一样，强调的是努力做某事的过程，不一定成功；而managetodosth.则表示“设法做成某事”，强调结果。[写美]⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)他们迫不及待地想要自己尝试一下。They_couldn't_wait_to_have_an_attempt_for_themselves.⑥(2018·北京高考书面表达)不久随着每个外国学生尝试自己泡茶，茶室很快热闹起来。Soon_the_tea_room_became_lively_with_every_international_student_attempting_to_make_their_own_tea.6．otherwiseadv.&conj.否则，不然adv.在其他方面；不同地[辨清]　写出下列句中otherwise的含义①Heintendedtobeateacherinauniversitybutfatedecidedotherwise.不同地②Alwaysfollowthedoctor'sadviceforappropriatewear.Otherwise,youmayhaveproblems.否则，不然n③Sheisnotveryclever,butotherwiseshe'sanicegirl.在其他方面[记牢](1)otherwise(conj.)＝or/orelse　　否则，不然(2)otherwise(adv.)＝differently/inanotherway＝intheotherway/inadifferentway不同地，在其他方面[练通]　同义句转换④Seizethechance;otherwise(＝or_else)youwillregretit.⑤Therentishigh,butotherwise(＝in_the_other_way)thehouseissatisfactory.[用准]　otherwise作连词且意为“否则，不然”时，其后的句子所描述的情况如果与事实相反，则用虚拟语气；如果与事实相符，则用陈述语气。[写美]⑥(2011·四川高考书面表达)建议所有参加摘苹果的人都应该戴上帽子和手套，因为要不然会有很多树叶或脏东西掉到你的头上，弄脏你的手。It_is_suggested_that_all_the_people_who_will_join_in_picking_apples_should_wear_a_hat_and_a_pair_of_gloves_because_there_will_be_a_lot_of_leaves_or_dirty_things_that_will_otherwise_fall_on_your_head_and_make_your_hands_dirty.7．removevt.去除，移开；开除；免除，解除(职务)；脱去(衣物)；拿走；搬迁[辨清]　写出下列句中remove的含义①Ifanesthasfoureggsandyouremoveone,thebirdwillnotnotice.拿走②Heremovedhisjacketwhenhearrivedhome.脱掉③Hewasseverelycriticizedandremovedfromhispost.免职④Theagreementremovesthelastseriousobstacletothesigningofthetreaty.清除⑤Threechildrenwereremovedfromschoolforbadbehaviors.开除[记牢](1)remove...from...　　　　把……从……移开removefrom...to...把……搬到……removesb.fromschool开除某人，勒令某人退学(2)removaln.移植；解除；搬迁；免职[练通]　单句语法填空⑥Studentsremovedseveraldesksfromtheirclassroomtoanotherone.⑦Referencebooksmaynotberemovedfromthelibrary.⑧Thefactoryannounceditsremoval(remove)toanothertown.n[写美]⑨(2011·江苏高考书面表达)意识到一天的工作之后她妈妈一定很累了，这个女孩帮妈妈把包从肩膀上拿下来。Realizing_her_mom_must_be_very_tired_after_a_day's_work,_the_girl_helps_to_remove_the_bag_from_her_shoulder.8．powern．力量；能量(尤指电)；影响力；权力；统治vt.驱动，提供动力[辨清]　写出下列句中power的含义①Jackwasworkinginthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.电，电力②Itissaidthathehasthepowerofholdinghisaudience.能力③Soenormouswasthehurricane'spowerthatitcarriedawaythewholebuilding.力量④Thepoliceandthearmyhavebeengivenspecialpowerstodealwithsuchasituation.权力⑤Allthesemoderneducationalaidsarepoweredbyelectricity.提供动力[记牢](1)beinpower　　　　　掌权，执政(表示状态)cometo/intopower上台，执政(表示动作)in/withinone'spower在某人的能力/权力范围之内outof/beyondone'spower　超出某人的能力(2)powerfuladj.强有力的，强大的[练通]　单句语法填空⑥Thegovernmentwilted(畏缩)inthefaceofsuchpowerful(power)pressure.⑦NotthatIdon'twanttohelpyou,butthatit'sbeyondmypowertodoso.⑧Thoughhehasbeeninpowerfortwoyears,hehasn'tfoundaneffectivesolutiontothecountry'seconomicproblems.[写美]⑨(2013·湖北高考书面表达)直到那时，我才意识到语言在积极和消极方面都有强大的力量(都会产生很大的影响)。Not_until_then_did_I_realize_words_could_be_powerful_in_both_positive_and_negative_ways.[词汇过关综合训练]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Inordertomaintainourhealth,weshoulddomoreexercise.Meanwhile(n与此同时),itisamusttokeepabalanceddietwithlesssugarandfatbutmorefruitandvegetables.2．Nothingismoreprecious(宝贵的)thanhealth.3．ThewritermakesupthetwostoriesofMr.FielderandMr.Plowrightinordertoexplaintheorigin(起源)ofadvertising.4．Iprefertoplayoutdoors(在户外)ratherthanplaycomputergamesintheroom.5．Theharmfulassociation(关联)betweenscreenbaseddevicesandkids'sleepisamajorpublichealthconcern.6．Theyenjoyanythingthatbreaksthedullnessoftheirroutine(常规的)life.7．Tomygreatexcitement,Isucceededinpassingthedrivingtestatmyfirstattempt(尝试)．8．Tobehonest,alotofpeopleattachgreatsignificance(重要性)tobecomingrichandfamous.9．Therearefrequent(频繁的)contactsbetweenthepeoplesofthetwocountries.10．Themuseumcontains6,000contemporary(当代的)andmodernartworks.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Firemenfoughtthroughthesmokeandattemptedto_rescue(rescue)thechildren.2．Washington,astateintheUnitedStates,wasnamedinhonourofoneofthegreatestAmericanpresidents.3．Maryisakindheartedladywithapositiveattitudetowardslifebecauseshetakesdelightinhelpingothers.4．Hisuncletellshimthatifhiscousinwinsthecompetition(compete),thefamilywillwinanoverseastourforfree.5．Jackquicklyestablishedhimselfasapowerful(power)memberofthenewcompany.6．Inourhometown,itistraditional(tradition)tovisitrelativesonebyoneduringtheSpringFestival.7．Timelyencouragementfromateacherisverysignificant(significance)tohis/herstudents.8．Thesecretaryhasbeenremovedfromherpositionforhernegligence.Ⅲ.单句改错n1．Shewasproudasapeacockwhenshepassedherdrivingtestinthefirstattempt.in→at2．DelightfultohearofmyappointmentaschairmanofBoard,heofferedhissincerecongratulations.Delightful→Delighted3．Hefeltithonourtobeinvitedtosuchanimportantconference.it后加an4．Muchforourexcitement,nooneraisedobjectionatthemeetingyesterday.for→to5．Lifeislikealongracewhereweoftencompeteforotherstogobeyondourselves.for→withⅣ.完成句子/句型转换1．You'dbettergonow,otherwise_you'll_miss_the_train.你最好现在就走，要不然就赶不上火车了。2．Ihave_made_an_attempt_toconvinceher,butinvain.我曾试图说服她，但是徒劳无果。3．Onlythegreatestathletescan_compete_inthisdemandingevent.只有最了不起的运动员才能角逐这种吃力的运动项目。4．IfeeldelightedthatIcangototheconcertwithyoutomorrowevening.①Ifeeldelightedtogototheconcertwithyoutomorrowevening.②Ifeeldelightedat/with/bygoingtotheconcertwithyoutomorrowevening.5．Itisanhonourformetohavetheopportunitytoaddressinyouruniversity.①Iamhonouredtohavetheopportunitytoaddressinyouruniversity.②Ihavethehonourtohavetheopportunitytoaddressinyouruniversity.(一)课前自主学习1．by_tradition[串记1]　　按照传统2．take_part_in参加3．in_honour_of为向……表示敬意4．bring_..._back_to_life使……重生5．side_by_side[串记2]共同；肩并肩6．lead_the_way领先；带路n7．hang_on(在逆境中)坚持8．look_forward_to盼望，期望9．come_up_with提出10．look_out_for[串记3]当心，小心11．knock_over打翻，撞倒12．make_way_for给……让路，让位于……13．apply_to适用于，应用于14．pass_sth._on_(to_sb.)转交，传给，递给15．keep_a_close_watch_on密切关注……16．by_accident偶然，意外地[同根短语串记]串记1.“by＋n.”短语集锦①bydesign故意地②byblood按血统③bytradition按照传统④byorigin就来源而言⑤bychance偶然，碰巧⑥byaccident偶然，碰巧串记2.“n.＋prep.＋n.”结构短语　①arminarm臂挽臂地②handinhand手挽/牵手地③backtoback背对背地④sidebyside肩并肩地⑤facetoface面对面地⑥hearttoheart心连心地串记3.“当心，小心”表达种种①becareful小心，当心②lookoutfor当心；注意③watchoutfor小心，提防④takecare注意，当心⑤mindyoursteps当心脚下⑥watchyourhead小心碰头1．asamemberof...　　　　　　作为……的一员2．everyfouryears每四年3．forthefirsttimeinhistory历史上首次4．liveside_bysideinpeace和平相处5．hosttheOlympics举办奥运会6．speakatleastalittleEnglish至少讲一点英语7．gorunninginthepark在公园中跑步n8．dosomeexercisesasapreparation做些预备活动1．HedreamtthattheOlympicswouldmake_it_possible_for_people_of_all_countries_to_livesidebysideinpeace.他梦想着奥运会可以让各国人民和平相处。2．IamsurethewholeofChinamust_have_felt_proudwhenXuHaifengwonthefirstgoldmedalforhiscountry.我相信，当许海峰为自己的祖国赢得第一枚金牌时，整个中国一定都为之感到自豪。3．TheEagleswenthomeangry_and_bitterbecausetheydidnotwinthetournament.鹰队在锦标赛上铩羽而归，既恼火又愤愤不平。[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块和句式1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ完形)Inhisintroduction,he_made_it_clear_that(他明确表示)ourcreditswouldbehardearned.(完成句子)2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ完形)Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething?School?Afriend?Atutor?Thesearealltraditional(by_tradition)placesoflearning.(写出加黑词在本单元的同义短语)高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(根据提示翻译句子)1．(2017·浙江高考书面表达)并且我确实盼望着尽快收到你的回复。(lookforwardto)And_I_do_look_forward_to_receiving_your_reply_as_soon_as_possible.2．(2018·浙江高考书面表达)看来我们回不去农舍吃晚饭了。我们都站在那里，又饿又累。(形容词作状语)It_seems_that_we_can't_make_our_way_back_to_the_farm_house_for_supper.We_all_stood_there,_hungry_and_tired.(二)课堂重点释疑[短语集释]1．hangon(＝holdon)不挂断；(在逆境中)坚持；紧紧握住，保留(tosth.)[辨清]　写出下列句中hangon的含义n①It'shardwork,butifyouhangon,youaresuretosucceedintheend.(在逆境中)坚持②Therearesomepeoplewhohangontotheirjobslongaftertheyshouldhaveretired.紧紧抓住，保留③Jameswillbebackatonce,hangon.别挂断[记牢]hangonto　　　　　　　抓紧；保留，不卖掉，不放弃hangup(onsb.)挂断(某人的)电话hangout晾出；闲逛hangabout/around徘徊，闲荡[练通]　单句语法填空④WhileIwastalkingwithafriendonthephone,hesuddenlyhunguponme.⑤Theprincipalwarnedthestudentsnottohangaround/aboutthecornergrocerystoreafterschool.⑥ItwassowindythatIhadtohangontomyhatallthewayalongthestreet.[写美]⑦(2015·福建高考书面表达)无论形势多么困难，都要不遗余力地获取知识并坚持下去。Spare_no_effort_to_acquire_knowledge_and_hang_on_no_matter_how_difficult_the_situation_may_be.2．makewayfor给……让路，让位于……[记牢]makeone'swayto　向……走去givewayto让路；让步；被……代替intheway挡路，挡道，妨碍inaway在某种意义上innoway绝不(位于句首，句子要部分倒装)underway在进行，在举行ontheway在路上；将要发生[练通]　选用上述短语填空①Manyhousesarebeingknockeddowntomake_way_foranewpark.②Nodoubthewasjusttryingtohelp,butinfacthejustgotin_the_way.③In_no_waycanteachinginschoolbeseparatedfrompractice.④Aninvestigationisunder_waytofindouthowthedisasterhappened.n[写美]⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)一般来说，你的抵达时间绝不能晚于约定的时间。Generally_speaking,_in_no_way_should_your_arrival_be_later_than_the_fixed_time.[句式集释]1．makeit＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.[教材原句]　HedreamtthattheOlympicswouldmake_it_possible_for_people_of_all_countries_to_livesidebysideinpeace.[悟拓展例句](1)Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologymakesitpossibleforus_to_do(do)whatwecouldn'tdointhepast.科技的迅速发展使得我们可以做过去不能做的事情。(2)Susanmadeitcleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.苏珊清楚地向我表明，她希望为自己创造新的生活。(3)Iconsideritnousequarrelling(quarrel)withhimaboutit.我认为就这件事和他争吵是没有用的。[析用法规则]用法归纳(1)“动词＋it＋adj./n.＋todosth.”句式中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。(2)“动词＋it＋adj./n.＋that”句式中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是that从句。(3)“动词＋it＋nogood/nouse...＋doingsth.”句式中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是动名词。注意事项(1)常跟it作形式宾语的动词有：believe,think,feel,find,notice,make等；(2)在习惯用法中，hate,like,love,appreciate,enjoy,take,have后常先接it再接由if或when等引导的从句。[背写作佳句](1)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ写作佳句)IthinkitgreatfuntolearnthepoemswrittenintheTangDynastywithyou.(开头句)n(2)(2011·新课标卷写作佳句)MyEnglishisjustOKandthetwomainproblemsinmystudyarethatIfeelitdifficulttolearnwordsbyheart,andthatIoftenfeelnervouswhenspeakingEnglish.(要点句)2．形容词(短语)作状语[教材原句]　TheEagleswenthomeangry_and_bitterbecausetheydidnotwinthetournament.[悟拓展例句](1)Eager_to_see_the_sunrise,_theygotupatfour.急于去看日出，他们4点就起床了。(2)Onewomanwaslyinginbed,awake,_listeningtotherushingwinds.一位女士躺在床上，没有睡着，听着那急促的风声。(3)Whenitwashisturntodeliverhisspeech,hewalkedtowardsthemicrophone,nervous_and_embarrassed.当轮到他发表演讲时，他朝麦克风走去，紧张而又尴尬。[析用法规则]用法归纳形容词(短语)作状语：结构：可以是单个形容词，也可以是形容词短语，一般要用逗号将其和句子的其他部分分开。位置：通常位于句子主语前或句子主语后，有时位于句末。作用：一般用于说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态，可表示原因、结果、伴随等情况。[背写作佳句](1)(2015·福建高考写作佳句)Beingpoor,theboycouldn'taffordevenacandle.(要点句)(2)(2017·天津高考写作佳句)Muchinterestedintheactivity,Iwouldliketoapplytobeavolunteer.(要点句)(3)(2013·江西高考写作佳句)Afterawholeday'shiking,wearrivedhome,tiredandhungry.(总结句)[词块、句式过关综合训练]　Ⅰ.选词填空makewayfor,bring...backtolife,lookoutfor,comeupwith,bytradition,leadtheway,passon...to,sidebysiden1．Evenifitwaspossibletobringdinosaursback_to_life,_theyprobablycouldnotsurviveinthepresentenvironment.2．Whenoldermenretiredtheymade_way_foryoungermentotaketheirplaces.3．Thedirectorreceivedusandled_the_wayintooneofthebuildings.4．Theoldpeoplecanpass_ontheirknowledgeandexperiencetotheirnextgeneration.5．30yearsago,scientistscame_up_withthetheorythatprotonsandneutronsarecomposedofthreesmallerparticles.6．Thecouplewalkedalongthestreetside_by_side.7．Whenyou'reeatingfish,look_out_forthebones.8．Inmanycountries,mothersstayedhomewiththeirchildrenby_tradition.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Thelittlegirlwaswalkinginthestreet,cold_and_hungry.小女孩走在街上，又冷又饿。2．Luckilyheremindedme.Otherwise_I'd_have_forgottenallaboutit.幸亏他提醒了我，要不然我早忘了。3．Wethink_it_wrong_to_leave_the_child_aloneinthehouse.我们认为把小孩子单独留在房子里是错误的。4．She_must_have_made_full_preparations_for_the_interview,_forshelookedveryconfident.她肯定是做好了面试的充分准备，因为她看起来很自信。5．Pass_the_letter_on_to_the_personsittingnexttoyou.把信传给坐在你旁边的人。Ⅲ.分步写作第24届冬季奥林匹克运动会将于2022年2月在北京和张家口市联合举行。现面向社会招募志愿者。假如你是李华，请根据自己的情况写一封申请信。内容包括：1．热爱体育；2．英语流利；3．性格外向开朗；有组织能力。注意：词数100左右；开头已给出，不计入总词数。DearSirorMadam，IhaveheardthenewsthatyouarerecruitingvolunteersfortheWinterOlympicGamestobeheldin2022.n　第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点作为应用文，申请信的写作格式还是有章可循的。文章一般分为三部分：提出申请；说明理由；结束语(客气请求)。申请信的时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。根据题目要求，本文写作要点可以从以下三方面着手：一、简要说明信息来源，并提出申请；二、突出自己的特点，说明申请的理由(热爱体育；英语流利；性格外向开朗；有组织能力)；三、总结自己的优势，请求给予机会。这几个要点在题目中都已经给出，所以相对来说难度不大，只需注意英语的地道表达即可。要点1：我写信申请成为其中的一名志愿者。(apply)I_am_writing_to_apply_to_be_one_of_the_volunteers.要点2－①：我非常喜欢体育运动。(love)I_love_sports_very_much.要点2－②：我能流利地说英语。(fluently)_I_can_speak_English_fluently.要点2－③：我有组织活动的能力，而且性格外向。(organizeactivities,outgoing)I_have_the_ability_to_organize_activities,_and_I_am_outgoing.要点3－①：我认为我可以胜任这一职位。(bequalifiedfor)I_think_I_am_qualified_for_the_position.要点3－②：我希望你能考虑我的申请，给我一次机会。(consider,offersb.anopportunity)I_hope_you_could_consider_my_application_and_offer_me_an_opportunity.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼本文的重点在于要点2中对自己优势的介绍，写作时应对要点2进行优化，主要是点出自己的特长在申请该职位时所具有的优势，增加说服力。要点3可以用上更客气的表达“Iwouldbegratefulif...”句式。拓展2－①：我非常喜欢体育运动，所以我可以投入我所有的精力为比赛服务。(so...that...,devote...to)I_love_sports_so_much_that_I_can_devote_all_my_energies_to_serving_the_Games.拓展2－②：我能流利地说英语，这使我更容易帮助有困难的外国人。(which引导的定语从句，makeit＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.)I_can_speak_English_fluently,_which_makes_it_easier_for_me_to_help_foreigners_in_trouble.n拓展2－③：我不但有组织活动的能力，而且性格外向，精力充沛，这有助于我与陌生人交流。(notonly...butalso,which引导的定语从句，benefit,communicate)Not_only_do_I_have_the_ability_to_organize_activities,_but_also_I_am_outgoing_and_energetic,_which_benefits_me_in_communicating_with_strangers.拓展3－②：如果你能在方便时考虑一下我的申请并给我一次机会，我将不胜感激。(Iwouldbegratefulif...)I_would_be_grateful_if_you_could_consider_my_application_and_offer_me_an_opportunity_at_your_convenience.第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡写作时可按句子的逻辑意义、事情的发展顺序等用so,besides,meanwhile,everythingtakenintoaccount等作好衔接过渡。此外，作为一封申请信，应在文中加入自己的基本信息，并在文章结尾处表达期待对方的回复。Dear_Sir_or_Madam，I_have_heard_the_news_that_you_are_recruiting_volunteers_for_the_Winter_Olympic_Games_to_be_held_in_2022.So_I_am_writing_to_apply_to_be_one_of_the_volunteers.I_am_Li_Hua,_an_18yearold_boy._I_love_sports_so_much_that_I_can_devote_all_my_energies_to_serving_the_Games._Besides,_I_can_speak_English_fluently,_which_makes_it_easier_for_me_to_help_foreigners_in_trouble._Meanwhile,_not_only_do_I_have_the_ability_to_organize_activities,_but_also_I_am_outgoing_and_energetic,_which_benefits_me_in_communicating_with_strangers.Everything_taken_into_account,_I_think_I_am_qualified_for_the_position._I_would_be_grateful_if_you_could_consider_my_application_and_offer_me_an_opportunity_at_your_convenience.Looking_forward_to_your_reply.Yours，Li_Huan理清文体结构之(十一)　议论文之总分结构——找到论点、论证过程是关键“总分结构”议论文最显著的特点是论点伴随事例在文章开头部分提出，事例往往是铺垫，是提出论点的前奏。随之而来的是论证过程。该论证过程中常常采用分层逐条论述。抓住了此类文章的结构特点，再结合题目要求，便能快速到原文中定位信息区间，从而正确解题。[找论点、论证过程][高考典例]　2016·浙江卷·A篇[读文解题技法]◄　　论点分：论证过程影响1影响2影响3　提出建议[1]“DidyouhearwhathappenedtoAdamlastFriday？”LindseywhisperstoTori.[2]Withhereyesshining,Toribrags,“YoubetIdid.Seantoldmetwodaysago.”[3]WhoareLindseyandToritalkingabout?Itjusthappenstobeyourstruly,AdamFreedman.Icantellyouthatwhattheyaresayingis(a)notniceand(b)noteventrue.Still,LindseyandToriaren’tverydifferentfrommoststudentshereatLintonHighSchool,includingme.Manyofourconversationsaregossip(闲话).Ihavenoticedthreeeffectsofgossip：itcanhurtpeople,itcangivegossipersastrangekindofsatisfaction,anditcancausesocialpressuresinagroup.[4]Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurtthepersonbeingtalkedabout.Usually,gossipspreadsinformationaboutatopic—breakups,troubleathome,evendroppingout—thatapersonwouldratherkeepsecret.Themoreembarrassingorshamefulthesecretis,thejuicierthe1.速读全文找论点本文以事例开头，引出全文的论点：闲话的三个方面的影响，即第三段的最后一句。2.细读文章找论证过程本文按论点提出的顺序从三个方面论证了闲话对人们的影响。①闲话伤人(影响1)②闲话给人一种满足感(影响2)③闲话影响人的举止行为并举例加以说明(影响3)3.针对影响提出建议ngossipitmakes.Probablytheworsttypeofgossipistheabsolutelie.Peopleoftenthinkofgossipersasharmless,butcruelliescancausepain.[5]Ifweknowthatgossipcanbeharmful,thenwhydosomanyofusdoit?Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip:thesatisfactionitgivesus.Sharingthelatestrumor(传言)canmakeapersonfeelimportantbecauseheorsheknowssomethingthatothersdon’t.Similarly,hearingthelatestrumorcanmakeapersonfeellikepartofthe“ingroup.”Inotherwords,gossipissatisfyingbecauseitgivespeopleasenseofbelongingorevensuperiority(优越感)．[6]Gossipalsocanhaveathirdeffect:itstrengthensunwritten,unspokenrulesabouthowpeopleshouldact.ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehaviorsinagroup.Translatedintohighschoolterms,thismeansthatifeverybodyyouhangaroundwithislaughingatwhatJohnworeorwhatJanesaid,thenyoucanbetthatwearingorsayingsomethingsimilarwillgetyouthesamekindofnegativeattention.Thedo’sanddon’tsconveyedthroughgossipwillnevershowupinanystudenthandbook.[7]Theeffectsofgossipvarydependingonthesituation.Thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetospreadthelatestnews,thinkaboutnwhyyouwanttogossipandwhateffectsyour“juicystory”mighthave.[抓关键词定位信息区间]41．Theauthoratthebeginningofthepassageto________.A．introduceatopic　　　　B．presentanargumentC．describethecharactersD．clarifyhiswritingpurpose43．Intheauthor’sopinion,it________.A．givesthemafeelingofpleasureB．helpsthemtomakemorefriendsC．makesthembetterattellingstoriesD．enablesthemtomeetimportantpeople45．Whatdoestheauthorgiveinthepassage?A．Neverbecomeagossiper.B．Stayawayfromgossipers.C．Don’tletgossipturnintolies.D．Thinktwicebeforeyougossip.[答案]　41.A　43.A　45.D41．用对话第1、2段第3段的论点，由此便知答案。43．原因“影响2”，比对可得出答案。45．建议第七段得出答案。