2018_2019学年高中英语module5theconquestoftheuniversesectionⅰ 9页

Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　nⅠ.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.1．leapA．宇宙探测器，航天探测器2．jointB．航天飞机3．probeC．收看(电视)；收听(广播)4．accustomedD．假定，假设5．shuttleE．高级的，先进的6．historicF．爆炸7．tuneG．耐心8．witnessH．目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历9．assumeI．共同的；联合的10．patienceJ．历史性的，有重大历史意义的11．advancedK．习惯的12．burstL．飞跃，跳跃答案：1～6　LIAKBJ　7～12　CHDGEFⅡ.Writedownthemeaningofphrasesineachsentence.1．Shehasmastered2,000Englishwordssofar.到目前为止2．Thebussloweddownforthenextstop.减速3．Wehavebeengoodfriendseversincewewereveryyoung.自从；自……以后4．TheymadeaplanforEnglishstudyattheverybeginningofthisterm.在……一开始的时候5．WhenItoldthemthetruth,theywereallinshock;theycouldn'tbelieveit.处于震惊中6．MadameCurieandherhusbandcontinuedtoworkinspiteofallthediscomforts.不管7．ThisisthefirsttimeIhaveleftmycountryandsetfootonforeignsoil.踏上8．Ithoughthewouldbetoooldtogettothetopofthemountain,buthemadeitatlast.做成，成功9．Mostparentsarenotwellawareofthedangeroftheirbabies'eatingjelly,whichcausesmostunfortunateincidentstohappen.意识到10．Afterlivingthereforoneyear,theyhavebeenaccustomedtoworkingthere.习惯于Lookatthefollowingpicturesandtrytodescribethem.①②③④　参考答案：①AmericanNeilArmstrongisthefirstmantosetfootonthemoon.②RussianYuriGagarinisthefirstmaninspace.③YangLiweiisthefirstChineseastronaut.④LiuYangisthefirstChinesewomanastronaut.nⅠ.FastreadingSkimthetextandmatcheachpartwithitsmainidea.①Part1　A．ThewriterwitnessedtheexplorationoftheChallenger.②Part2　B．Humanexploringtheuniverse.答案：①～②　BAⅡ.CarefulreadingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．WhywerepeopleNOTenthusiasticaboutthespacetravelprogrammeafterthefirstmoonlanding?A．Itwasmeaningless.B．Itusedspaceshuttles.C．ItcosttheUSAalotofmoney.D．Therewerefewerspacetravelers.2．Whichofthefollowingmarkedthebeginningofanewspacetravel?A．TheColumbia'sspacetravel.B．TheViking1'sspacetravel.C．TheApollo11'sspacetravel.D．TheChallenger'sspacetravel.3．FromPart2inthetext,wecaninferthat________.A．wehaveachievedgreatsuccessinspacetravelB．westillhavealongwaytogoinspaceexplorationC．peoplearenotinterestedinspacetravelD．spacetravelshouldnotincludeordinarypeople答案：1～3　CABⅢ.StudyreadingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．AllthreeastronautsmadeitsafelybacktoEarth,usingaspaceshipcomputerthatwasmuchlesspowerfulthantheonesusedbytheaverageschoolstudentstoday.[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句。主句是AllthreeastronautsmadeitsafelybacktoEarth;usingaspaceshipcomputer...是现在分词短语作状语，aspaceshipcomputer后面是that引导的定语从句，其中usedbytheaverageschoolstudentstoday是过去分词短语作定语，修饰theones。[尝试翻译]　三位宇航员安全返回地球，他们当年使用的宇宙飞船计算机远不及现在普通学生使用的计算机功能强大。2．WhenIheard,afewweekslater,thatthebodiesoftheastronautsandeventheteacher'slessonplanshadbeenfoundatthebottomoftheocean,Iwasnotsosureitwasworthitatall.[句式分析][尝试翻译]　几周之后，当我听说那几位宇航员的遗体以及那位老师的教案在大洋底部被找到的时候，我不再肯定这一切是否值得。n[对应学生课下能力提升(十七)]阅读理解ANASA'sNewHorizonsprobeflewbyPluto(冥王星)thismorning,sendingbackhistory'sfirstupcloselooksatthevastfreezingcoldworld.Closestapproachcameat7：49a．m.EDT.Tocelebrate,NASAgaveoutthelatestphotoofPluto.Itshowedareddishworldwithanamazingheartshapedfeatureonitssurface.Aftertoday'scloseencounter,alltheninesolarsystem'straditionallyrecognizedplanetshavenowbeenvisitedbyaspaceship—ahugeprojectbegunin1962whenNASA'sMariner2probeflewpastVenus,aplanetinthesolarsystem.Morethan1,200scientists,NASAguestsandimportantpersons,including200reporters,watchedtheflybyliveatNewHorizons'missioncontrolcenter.Thatcloseencounterhasbeenalongtimecoming.The$723millionNewHorizonsmissionwaslaunchedinJanuary2006butbegantakingshapein1989.“NewHorizonsis‘acapstonemission’，”GlenFountain,missionprojectmanagertoldSpace.com.“Itisthefirstcompletionoftheobservationsofoursolarsystem.It'sgivingusanewideaabouthowwehumanbeingsfitintotheuniverse.”NewHorizons“facedacrazynumberofchallenges”.Stern,adrivingforcebehindNewHorizonssaid,“Somanypeoplestuckwiththisforsolong.Theygotknockeddown;theystoodup.Theygotknockeddownagain;theystoodupagain.”Inacoincidence,today'scloseapproachfallsonthe50thanniversaryofthefirstflybyofMars,anotherplanet,whichwascompletedbyNASA'sMariner4spaceship.Therearenolongernineofficiallyrecognizedplanets,ofcourse.TheInternationalAstronomicalUnionregardedPlutoas“adwarfplanet”in2006inadecisionthatremainscontroversial(有争议的)today.1．WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．IdeasstillvaryintheidentityofPluto.B．Onlyscientistscouldwatchtheflybylive.C．Marsisthefirstplanetvisitedbyaspaceship.D．NewHorizonsmissionaimedtoobservethesolarsystem.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“TheInternationalAstronomicalUnionregardedPlutoas‘adwarfplanet’in2006inadecisionthatremainscontroversial(有争议的)today”可知，A项正确。故选A。2．GlenFountainmayprobablyagreethat________.A．itisthemostdifficulttolandonPlutointhesolarsystemB．NewHorizonsmissionisalongandtroublesomeprojectC．theirstrongdeterminationleadstothesuccessfulflybyD．peoplearelikelytofindnewwaystofitintospace解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Itisthefirstcompletionoftheobservationsofoursolarsystem.It'sgivingusanewideaabouthowwehumanbeingsfitintothenuniverse”可知，新视野号探测器从冥王星附近飞过，这是第一次完成对太阳系的探测考察，它给了我们一个关于人类应如何融入宇宙的新想法。由此可推知，人们可能会寻找新的方法以融入宇宙。故选D。3．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ANewHorizonsProbeB．NASA'sHugeProjectC．Pluto,aControversialPlanetD．ACloseApproachtoPluto解析：选D　标题归纳题。NASA新视野号探测器飞掠冥王星，这是历史上第一次近距离地观察冥王星，是人类历史上的突破。故“近距离地接触冥王星”作标题最佳。故选D。BGiantkitescouldsupplygreenenergywithouttheneedfortaxpayerfundedsubsidies(津贴)withinyears.KitePowerSolutionsexpectstoopentheU．K.'sfirstkitepowerplantinMarch2017inScotland.Ithopestorolloutthetechnologyonshoreandatsea,buildingsystemswiththecapacitytoproduce“hundredsofmegawatts”ofpowerwithinthedecade.Thecompanybelievesthetechnologycouldreducethecostofwindenergy.Anditpredictedthatkitepowerwouldcostsolittlethatdevelopingcountrieswouldbemorelikelytouseittofreethemselvesoffpollutingcarbonheavyenergysources.AspokesmanAinsworthforKitePowerSolutionssaidthetechnologycoulddecreasethecostofoffshorewindenergy,meetingtheneedforgovernments'effortstoreducecarbonemissions.Hesaidthetechnologywaseasytofixandmaintain,meaningitcouldbeusedindeepwater,onfloatingstructuresfarfromshore.“Ifwedothat,itopensupaglobaldeepwateroffshorewindmarket，”hesaid.ThetechnologycouldcontrolrisingCO2emissionsinthedevelopingworld,wheretheneedtosavemoneyforcespeopletoresorttopollutingtechnologiessuchasdiesel.ThecompanyhastestedthetechnologyonasmallscaleinEssexandwillmoveitsheadquarterstoGlasgowtopreparefornextyear'slaunch.Ithaswonplanningpermissionfora500KWdemonstrationsystem.TheU．K.'sgreenenergytradebody,RenewableU.K.,welcomedthetechnologybutwarneditwasnota_silver_bullet.ThedeputychiefexecutiveMafSmithsaid，“Thisisanambitiousprojecttodevelopwindpoweratextraordinaryheightsanditshowsthelevelofnewideaswithintherenewableindustry.Kitepowerisatanearlystageofdevelopmentanditwilltaketimetoseehowthetechnologyprogresses.Anyway,wewillneedawiderangeofenergysourcesinthefuturetomeetourneedsinanenvironmentallyfriendlyway.”语篇解读：本文主要介绍了风筝发电这项新技术的优势，即成本低、易于安装和维护等，但有人提出相反观点。所以依靠风筝发电技术解决我们的能源需求问题仍有很长的路要走。4．Whatisthemostimportantadvantageofkitepower?A．Itslowcosts.　　　　B．Itshighqualities.C．Itsgreatusefulness.D．Itswideusingareas.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后两句“Thecompanybelievesthetechnologycouldreducethecostofwindenergy.Anditpredictedthatkitepowerwouldcostsolittlethat...”可知，风筝发电最重要的优点是成本低。故选A项。5．IntheeyesofAinsworth,hiscompany'stechnology________.A．willsolvetheproblemofairpollutionB．canbeconvenientandpowerfultouseC．willchangehowpeopleexploretheoceanD．candealwiththeshortageofwaterworldwide解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Hesaidthetechnologywaseasytonfixandmaintain,meaningitcouldbeusedindeepwater,onfloatingstructuresfarfromshore.‘Ifwedothat,itopensupaglobaldeepwateroffshorewindmarket，’hesaid.”可知，这项技术易于安装和维护，如果真的那么做，这会开拓出一个新市场。由此可知，安斯沃思认为这项技术便于使用且效能很高。故选B项。6．Theunderlinedphrase“asilverbullet”probablymeansthatusingthistechnologytomeetourneedsisnot________.A．scientificB．complicatedC．simpleD．traditional解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段中的“welcomedthetechnology”可知，英国可再生能源协会表示欢迎这项新技术，but表转折，再结合该组织的副首席执行官玛夫·史密斯所说的话“Kitepowerisatanearlystageofdevelopmentanditwilltaketimetoseehowthetechnologyprogresses.”可知，风筝发电尚处于早期，看到这项技术如何进展还需很长一段时间。由此可推测，wasnotasilverbullet在此表示要想运用这项技术解决我们对能源的需求问题并不是一件简单的事情。故选C项。7．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toargueforcleanerenergies.B．Toinformanewwaytogetenergy.C．Toadvertiseagreatenergycompany.D．Tocomparedifferentenergyresources.解析：选B　写作目的题。本文主要介绍了风筝发电技术的优势、发展及前景等，其目的主要是向读者介绍一种获取能源的新方式。故选B项。C240BC:Greekastronomer,geographer,mathematicianandlibrarianEratosthenesworkedouttheEarth'scircumference(thedistancearoundit).Hisdatawasrough,buthewasn'tfaroff.Eratostheneswasanallaroundman.SomepeoplethencalledhimPentathalos,achampionofmanyskills.HisrichknowledgemadehimanaturalforthepostoflibrarianofthelibraryofAlexandria,Egypt,thegreatestrepositoryofclassicalknowledge.Eratosthenesknewthatatnoononthedayofthesummersolstice,thesunwasobservedtobedirectlyoverheadatSyene(moderndayAswan):Youcouldseeitfromthebottomofadeepwell,andasundial(日晷)leftnoshadow.Yet,tothenorthatAlexandria,asundialleftashadowevenatthesolsticemidday,becausethesunwasnotdirectlyoverheadthere.Therefore,theEarthmustberound—alreadyfirmlybelievedbytheastronomersofhisday.What'smore,ifonesupposedthesuntobefarawayenoughtobesendingparallel(平行的)raysatSyeneandAlexandria,itwouldbepossibletofigureouttheEarth'scircumference.Ofcourse,hismeasurementswereslightlyoff.Andwedon'tknowtodaytheexactsizeofthemeasurementunitEratostheneswasusingwhenhecameupwiththefinalfigureof252,000stades.Sohowbigis252,000stades?It'ssomewherebetween24,663and27,967miles.Theacceptedfigureforcircumferencetodayis24,902miles.Prettygoodforaguywithoutmodernmeasurementtools.Eratostheneswentfurtherandworkedouttheextensionoftheyearas3651/4days.Hesuggestedthatcalendarsshouldhavealeapdayeveryfourthyear,anideatakenuptwocenturieslaterbyJuliusCaesar.ItwasknownlongbeforeColumbusthattheEarthwasroundandevenhowbigitis.Butitwasjustnotwidelyknownamongthemassesin15thcenturyEurope.OnereasonisthatEratosthenes'ownlibraryofAlexandriahadbeendestroyed,andtherewasnocompletebackupofitsdata.语篇解读：公元前240年，希腊天文学家、地理学家、数学家以及图书管理员埃拉托色n尼测出了地球的周长。虽然他的数据只是近似，但也没差多少。但他的成就并不为大多数人所知。其中一个原因是他所工作的图书馆被摧毁，而他的计算数据也没有备份。8．WhydidsomepeoplecallhimPentathalos?A．Becausehewasanastronomerandmathematician.B．BecauseheworkedouttheEarth'scircumference.C．Becausehewasanexpertinmanyskills.D．Becausehehadrichknowledgeasalibrarian.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，埃拉托色尼是个全面发展的人，当时一些人称他为“Pentathalos”，意思是“在很多技能上都是第一的人”。解答此题的关键是对Pentathalos后的同位语“achampionofmanyskills”的正确理解。故答案为C。9．Wherecouldthesunbeseenfromthebottomofadeepwellatnoon?A．AtSyene.B．AtAlexandria.C．TothenorthofAswan.D．TothenorthofAlexandria.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，他知道在夏至的中午，西奈城(现在的阿斯旺)的太阳处在正上方：也就是说你可以从一口深井的底部看到太阳，日晷也不会有影子。故答案为A。10．Fromthefourthparagraphwecanlearn________.A．hismeasurementsoftheEarth'scircumferencewereveryexactB．stadesarethemeasurementunitthatEratostheneswasusingC．hisfigurefortheEarth'scircumferencewas24,902milesD．heusedsomemodernmeasurementtoolstodrawaconclusion解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，我们现在也不知道他当时用的是什么计量单位，只知道他最后得出的数字是“252,000stades”。由此可判断出“stades”是他当时使用的计量单位。共他选项与第四段内容不相符。故答案为B。11．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．EratostheneswasthemostfamousGreekastronomerinEgypt.B．EratosthenesandJuliusCaesarlivedatthesameage.C．ColumbusknewtheEarthwasroundlongbeforeEratosthenes.D．It'sapitythatEratosthenes'conclusionwasnotwidelyknownthen.解析：选D　判断正误题。根据最后一段可知，埃拉托色尼早在哥伦布之前就知道了地球是圆的。但在15世纪的欧洲，他的成就并不为大多数人所知。其中一个原因是他所工作的图书馆被摧毁，而他的计算数据也没有备份。由此可判断出答案为D。Space:theFinalFrontierPart1EversinceNeilArmstrongfirstsetfootontheMoonbackon21stJuly,1969,peoplehavebecomeaccustomedtotheideaofspacetravel.Millionsofpeoplewatchedthatfirstmoonlandingontelevision,theirheartsintheirmouths,awareofhowdifficultanddangerousanadventureitwas,andwhatriskshadtobetaken.WithArmstrong'snowfamouswords:“That'sonesmallstepforman,onegiantleapformankind”，adreamwasachieved.AllthreeastronautsmadeitsafelybacktoEarth,usingaspaceshipcomputerthatwasmuchlesspowerfulthantheonesusedbytheaverageschoolstudentstoday.Therewereseveralmorejourneysintospaceoverthenextfewyearsbutthesinglespaceshipswereveryexpensiveastheycouldnottakeoffmorethanonce.PeoplewerenolongersoenthusiasticaboutaspacetravelprogrammethatwascostingtheUnitedStates$10millionaday.Thatwasuntilthearrivalofthespaceshuttle—aspacecraftthatcouldbeusedforseveraljourneys.ThefirstshuttleflightintospacewastheColumbia—launchedfromtheKennedySpaceCentreon12thApril,1981.Theaimofthisflightwastotestthenewshuttlesystem,togosafelyupnintoorbitandtoreturntotheEarthforasafelanding.ItwasasuccessandalittlemorethanadecadeafterApollo11'shistoricvoyage,theColumbiamadeasafe,controlled,aeroplanestylelandinginCalifornia.Thiswasthestartofanewageofspacetravel.BythetimetheChallengertookoffin1986,theworldseemedtohavelostitsfearandwonderattheamazingachievementofpeoplegoingupintospace.ButthiswasgoingtobeaspecialflightandsomillionsofpeopletunedintowitnessthetakeoffonTV.Anordinaryteacher,ChristaMcAuliffe,37,whowasmarriedwithtwochildren,wastobethefirstcivilianinspace.Shewasgoingtogivetwofifteenminutelessonsfromspace.Thefirstwastoshowthecontrolsofthespacecraftandexplainhowgravityworked.ThesecondwastodescribetheaimsoftheChallengerspaceprogramme.Christahopedtocommunicateasenseofexcitementandcreatenewinterestinthespaceprogramme.Sadly,shenevercamebacktoherclassroomagain,astheshuttleexplodedjustoveraminuteaftertakingoffinFloridaandallsevenastronautswerekilled.Theworldwasinshock—maybetheyassumedthisspaceflightwouldbenomoredangerousthangettingonanaeroplane.Buthowwrongtheywere—inonemomentexcitementandsuccessturnedintofearanddisaster.Itwastheworstspaceaccidentever.AsoneRussiansaidatthetime,“WhensomethinglikethishappensweareneitherRussiansnorAmericans.Wearejusthumanbeingswhohavethesamefeelings.”Part2Icanrememberthatdaysoclearly,watchingthetakeoffonTVatschool.TherewasanordinaryteacherontheChallenger,andwewereallveryexcited.Wedidn'thavemuchpatiencewaitingforthelaunch.Wehadseenthesmilingfacesoftheastronautswavingtotheworldastheysteppedintotheshuttle.Then,littlemorethanaminuteaftertakeoff,wesawastrangeredandorangelightinthesky,followedbyacloudofwhitesmoke.TheChallengerhadexplodedinmidairandweallstartedscreaming.Ithappenedsoquicklyandeveryonewasinastateofshock.LikeeveryschoolboyIhadthoughtthatgoingintospaceasanastronautmustbethebestjobintheworld.WhenIheard,afewweekslater,thatthebodiesoftheastronautsandeventheteacher'slessonplanshadbeenfoundatthebottomoftheocean,Iwasnotsosureitwasworthitatall.Inspiteofallouradvancedtechnology,theworldisstillonlyattheverybeginningofitsvoyageintospace.太空：最后的(未开发)领域第一部分自从尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以来，人们对太空旅行这一概念已经非常熟悉。数以百万计的人们从电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼儿，因为他们十分清楚这次是多么艰难、多么危险，以及要冒多么大的风险。伴随着阿姆斯特朗这句如今已经非常有名的话：“那是个人的一小步，但却是整个人类的一大步”，一个梦想终于实现了。三位宇航员安全地返回了地球，他们当年使用的宇宙飞船计算机远不及现在普通学生使用的计算机功能强大。在接下来的几年里，又有几艘宇宙飞船进入太空，但是单程宇宙飞船非常昂贵，因为它们只能被使用一次。人们对每天要花掉美国1000万美元的太空旅行计划不再那么热衷了。这种情况一直持续到航天飞机的出现——那是一种可以被用来进行多次旅行的航天器。第一架到达太空的航天飞机是“哥伦比亚”号——于1981年4月12日发射于肯尼迪航天中心。这次航行的目的是测试这种新的飞行器，看其是否能够安全进入轨道、返回地球并且安全着陆。距离“阿波罗11号”历史性的航行仅仅十年多的时间，这次航行取得了成功，“哥伦比亚”号在控制下以飞机着陆的方式安全地返回了加利福尼亚。这次飞行开辟了太空旅行的新纪元。n到1986年“挑战者”号起飞之前，人们似乎已经沉醉于人类走进太空这一巨大的成就而忘记了恐惧，也失去了好奇心。但这次却将是一次特殊的飞行，数百万人打开电视来亲眼目睹这次起飞。一位37岁的普通教师克里斯塔·麦奥里菲将要成为第一位进入太空的普通公民，她已经结婚并有两个孩子。她将在太空中上两节15分钟的课。第一节课将展示怎么操纵航天器并且解释重力如何起作用。第二节课将描述“挑战者”号太空计划的目的。克里斯塔希望能激起人们的兴奋感并且重新唤起人们对于太空计划的兴趣。可悲的是，她再也没有回到她的课堂，航天飞机在佛罗里达起飞一分多钟后就爆炸了，7名宇航员全部遇难。全世界都震惊了——也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。但是他们都大错特错了——一刹那间，兴奋和成功就变成了恐惧和灾难。这是有史以来最为严重的太空事故。正如当时一位苏联人所说：“当这样的事情发生的时候，我们不再有美国人或者苏联人之分。我们都只是有相同感觉的人类。”第二部分我清楚地记得那天在学校通过电视观看“挑战者”号起飞的情景。有位普通的老师在“挑战者”号上，我们都很兴奋。我们迫不及待地等着它起飞。当宇航员进入航天飞机的时候，我们看见他们满脸笑容地向人们挥手致意。然后，就在起飞一分多钟后，我们看到了空中一道奇怪的橘红色的光，接着就是一团白烟。“挑战者”号在半空爆炸了，我们都开始尖叫起来。事情发生得太突然了，人们都惊呆了。和其他男生一样，我本以为当一名宇航员进入太空是世界上最好的工作。几个星期后，当我听说那几位宇航员的遗体甚至那位老师的教案在大洋底部被找到的时候，我不再那么肯定这一切是否值得。即便我们掌握了现在的全部先进技术，这个世界依然只是处于太空旅行的起步阶段。