（全国版）高考英语unit3backtothepast学案（含解析）牛津译林版必修3 25页

Unit3Backtothepast(一)课前自主学习Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意1．civilizationn．　　　　文明2．volcanon.火山3．eruptvi.[纵联1](火山等)爆发4．commercialadj.商业的，贸易的5．sandstormn．[纵联2]沙尘暴，风沙6．instituten.(教育或其他专业)机构，研究所7．corruptvt.使腐化，使堕落adj.贪污的，腐败的8．lecturen.讲座9．sailorn.水手，海员10．historicaladj.历史的；与历史研究相关的11．solutionn.解决办法，解答12．philosophyn.哲学13．researchern.研究者，调查者14．scholarn.学者Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形1．foundvt.兴建，创建2．fleevt.&vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开3．truetolifeadj.逼真的4．disastern.灾难5．destroyvt.毁坏，摧毁6．culturaladj.文化的7．ruinn.vt.[纵联3]废墟；毁坏破坏，毁灭8．pourvi.&vt.涌流，倾泻；倒出(液体)9．documentn.文献，文件10．nearbyadv.&adj.在附近(的)11．extremeadj.极度的；极端的n12．complainvi.抱怨13．audiencen.观众，听众14．ceremonyn.仪式，典礼15．poisonn.毒药，毒物vt.毒害，下毒16．declarevt.宣布，宣称17．marchvi.&n.[纵联4]　前进，进发；游行18．aheadadv.(时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先19．judgev.判断；审判n.法官，审判员；裁判员20．materialn.材料，物质adj.物质的Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变1．unfortunateadj.不幸的，遗憾的→unfortunately_adv.不幸地，倒霉地；令人遗憾地→fortunateadj.幸运的→fortunatelyadv.幸运地2．decoratevt.装饰，装潢→decorationn．装饰，装饰品3．wealthyadj.富有的，富裕的→wealthn．财富，财产4．graduallyadv.渐渐地，逐渐地→gradualadj.渐渐的，逐渐的5．remainsn．遗物，遗迹，遗骸→remainv．遗留，剩余；继续存在→remainingadj.剩余的6．explodevi.爆炸→explosionn．爆炸，爆发7．expressionn．表达；表情，神色→expressvt.表达，表示8．powerfuladj.强有力的→powern．动力，权力9．memorialn．纪念馆，纪念碑adj.纪念的→memoryn．记忆(力)；回忆→memorizevt.记忆；背诵10．educatevt.教育→educationn．教育，培养→educatorn．教育者，教育家11．awareadj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的→awarenessn．认识，意识12．basisn．基础；基准；原因→basicadj.基础的→basen．基地；根基；基础v.以……为基础纵联1.词根“rupt”“破”法多①erupt火山“爆发”向外破　②interrupt“打搅”是在中间破③corrupt“腐败”是共同破④abrupt“唐突”把气氛打破n⑤bankrupt银行打破是“破产”纵联2.“n.＋n.”合成词一览①steamboat汽船②armchair扶手椅③sandstorm沙尘暴④teamwork协作⑤airfield(军用)机场纵联3.与众不同的“复数形式”名词①ruins废墟②pains操劳③ashes灰烬④sufferings苦难⑤fires火灾⑥floods洪灾，涝灾纵联4.“走”遍天下①wandervi.漫步；闲逛②pacev．踱步；缓慢而行③crawlv．爬行；匍匐行进④marchv．行军，进军⑤rushv．冲；奔；闯⑥walkv．散步；步行单元话题——消失的文明子话题1　自然环境保护①environmentallyfriendlyadj.　环保的②replace/substitutevt.取代③recyclevt.回收；再循环④limitednaturalresources有限的自然资源⑤alternativeenergy可替代能源⑥livealowcarbonlife过低碳生活⑦raiseone'senvironmentalawareness提高某人的环保意识⑧takeaction/steps/measurestodosth.采取措施做某事子话题2　文化遗产保护①heritagen．遗产②symboln．象征③culturalexchange文化交流④culturalrelics文物⑤localculture本土文化⑥massculture大众文化⑦traditionalculture传统文化⑧traditionalvalues传统价值观⑨spiritualcivilization精神文明n⑩humanehistoricalsites人文历史遗址⑪localcustomsandpractices风土人情⑫nationalidentityandvalue民族认同和价值观[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用1．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ阅读七选五)Trainingforamarathonrequirescarefulpreparationandsteady,__❶__(gradually)increasesinthelengthoftheruns...Witheachday,increasethedistancebyahalfmile.Aftertwoweeks,starttimingyourself.Nowyouarereadytofigureoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtime.Dependingonthekindofraceyouplantoenter,youcansetup❷atimetablefortheremaining❸weeksbeforetherace.①用所给词的适当形式填空：gradual②写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：found③写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：remains；加黑词意为“剩余的”，用作前置定语。2．(2012·大纲全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)Youmaythinkthatsailing❶isadifficultsport,butitisreally❷nothardtolearnit.Youdonotneedtobestrong.Butyouneedtobequick.Andyouneedtounderstandafewbasic❸rulesaboutthewind.First,youmustaskyourself,“Whereisthewindcomingfrom?Isitcomingfromahead❹orbehindorfromtheside？”Youmustthinkaboutthisallthetimeontheboat.Thewinddirectiontellsyouwhattodowiththesail.①写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：sailor②加黑词的形容词是：real，其在本单元的近义词是：truetolife③写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：basis④选择加黑词在句中的意思：__B__A．向前　　B．在前面　　　　C．预先高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)幸运的是，我们学校成立了一个排球队和一个篮球队。我们都意识到体育锻炼的重要性。(fortunate,found,aware)Fortunately,_our_school_founded_a_volleyball_team_and_a_basketball_team._We_are_all_aware_of_the_importance_of_physical_training.2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)播放结束后，预期所有观众都要对这部短片发表意见和看法，我们将见证我们学校的辉煌，我们正在一起成长。(audience,glory)After_the_film,_all_the_audiences_are_expected_to_make_comments_and_expressn_their_views_about_the_film.We_will_witness_the_glory_of_our_school,_and_we_are_growing_together.(二)课堂重点释疑1．pourvi.涌流，倾泻vt.倒出(液体)[记牢]pourinto/in　　　　　涌入/涌进pour...into把……倒入；大量投资于pourdown(雨)倾盆而下pourout斟，倒(饮料)；倾吐，倾诉[练通]　完成句子①Themist.Thedampair.Thenoise.Itfeelslikeamightystormis_pouring_down.薄雾，潮湿的空气，噪音，感觉就像一场狂风暴雨正倾泻而下。②Largequantitiesofwastewaterwere_poured_into_riverswithoutbeingcleanedinthepast.在过去，大量废水未经净化就被倒入河流。③Youdothehonorsand_pour_out_the_teawhileIbringinthecakes.你来倒茶招待客人，我去拿糕点。[写美]④(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)每个人都可以倾诉心声，表达他们对学校变化的看法。Everyone_can_pour_out_their_hearts_and_express_their_opinions_about_our_school's_changes.2．fleevt.&vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开[记牢]fleeto...　　　　　　　　　　　逃到某地fleefrom...(＝escapefrom)从……逃离[练通]　完成句子①Whenthewarbrokeout,hefled_toYunnanofChinawithhiswife.战争爆发后，他携妻子逃到了中国云南。②Thepeoplegotintoapanicandfled_from_the_fire.人们惊恐万分地逃离了火灾现场。[写美]③(2016·四川高考书面表达)我喜欢去河里游泳以逃离夏天的酷热。I_like_to_swim_in_the_river_to_flee_from_the_extreme_heat_in_summer.3．ruinn．[C](pl.)废墟，遗迹；[U]毁坏，毁灭，崩溃vt.破坏；毁灭；使破产n[记牢](1)lie/beinruins　　成为废墟fallintoruin毁灭；毁坏bring...toruin使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产(2)ruinsth./sb.毁坏某物/某人ruinone'shealth/fame/future毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途[练通]单句语法填空①Whentherescuersreachedtheruins(ruin)ofayoungwoman'shouse,theysawherdeadbodythroughthecracks.②Alargenumberofchurchesfellintoruinafterthebigflood.单句改错③Youwillbringyourselftoruinsifyoudon'ttakeyourstudyseriously.ruins→ruin完成句子④Thewholecitylay_in_ruinsaftertheearthquake,whichmadeuslyingawakeallnight.地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这使我们彻夜未眠。⑤Drunkdrivingnotonlyruined_himselfbutalsokilledseveralpassersby.酒后驾驶不仅毁掉了他自己还导致几名过路人死亡。[写美]⑥(2017·江苏高考书面表达)一些不好的因素正在破坏着电影产业的未来，因此电影产业应该做出更大努力来吸引更多的观众。Some_bad_factors_are_ruining_the_future_of_film_industry,_so_great_efforts_should_be_made_to_attract_more_audience._4．remainsn．遗物，遗迹，遗骸；剩余物[记牢](1)theremainsof...　　　　……的遗迹(2)remain＋(3)remainingadj.剩余的[练通]单句语法填空①Itremainsto_be_seen(see)whetherthenewsthatanewlibrarywillbebuiltninourschoolistrue.②Theguestscamein,butsheremainedseated(seat)atthedeskreading.③Heboughtanewpenwiththeremaining(remain)money.④Thepoormanatetheremains(remain)ofthedisheshungrily.完成句子⑤ButthatmomentImetherwillremain_in_my_mind_and_my_heart_forever.但我遇见她的那一刻，将永远留在我的脑海和我的心中。[用准]　当表示“剩余的，剩下的”意思时，常把remaining放在被修饰词之前作前置定语，而left常放在被修饰词之后作后置定语。[写美]⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)在观看短片时，你们所有人都必须保持安静。When_watching_the_movie,_all_of_you_are_required_to_remain_quiet.5．complainvi.抱怨[记牢](1)complainthat...　　　　　　　　抱怨……complain(tosb.)about/ofsth.(向某人)抱怨某事(2)complaintn.抱怨；投诉makeacomplaintagainst/about...对……投诉[练通]　完成句子①Thosewhoaregoingthroughtheunpleasanttimeoftencomplain_abouthowhardtheirlivesare.那些过得不开心的人经常抱怨他们的生活有多么艰难。②Manypeoplecomplain_thattheirjobsareuninterestingandstressful.许多人抱怨他们的工作既无趣又有压力。③I'dliketomake_a_complaint_aboutthenoiseupstairs.我要就楼上的噪音问题提出投诉。[写美]④(2015·江苏高考书面表达)我们应该严格自愿地遵守交通规则，在红灯时停车，而不是抱怨交通堵塞。We_should_strictly_and_voluntarily_follow_traffic_rules,_stopping_at_the_red_light_rather_than_complaining_about_traffic_jams.6．declarevt.宣布，宣称；宣告；声明[记牢]declaresb./sth.tobe　　　　　宣布某人或某事是……ndeclarefor/against表示赞成/反对……declarewar(on/against)(向……)宣战declarethat宣布……[练通]用适当的介词填空①Whentheyaskedhimforhisopinion,hedeclaredstronglyagainstthepolicy,whichmadethemunhappy.②ItwastheyearwhenBritaindeclaredwaronGermany.句型转换③Ourschooldeclaredthatthegirlwasheadofourdepartment.→Ourschooldeclared_thegirltobeheadofourdepartment.[写美]④(2018·北京高考书面表达)我知道你对中国文化感兴趣，所以我宣布北京大学是你最好的选择。I_know_you're_interested_in_Chinese_culture,_so_I_declare_Peking_University_to_be_your_best_choice.7．aheadadv.(时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先[记牢]aheadof　　　　　　　在……前面aheadoftime/schedule提前goahead进行吧，干吧[练通]　完成句子①Ithoughtwe'dbelatefortheconcert,butweendedupgettingthereahead_of_time.我认为我们音乐会会迟到，但我们最终提前到达了那里。②—Iprobablyshouldn'thaveanymorecake.—Oh,go_ahead.Itwon'tkillyou.——我可能不应该再吃蛋糕了。——哦，吃点吧。对你没有害处的。[写美]③(2018·天津高考书面表达)我会提前发送一份详细的培训计划到你的邮箱，以便你能给出一些建设性的建议。I_will_send_a_detailed_training_schedule_to_your_mailbox_ahead_of_time_so_that_you_can_give_some_constructive_suggestions.n8．awareadj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的[记牢](1)beawarethat...　　　　　　知道，体会到……be/becomeawareof知道/意识到makesb.awareof/that...使某人意识到asfarasI'maware...据我所知……(2)awarenessn.认识，意识raiseone'sawarenessabout/of提高某人对……的认识[练通]单句语法填空①Thisshouldserveasawarningthatpeopleshouldbeawareoftheirsurroundings,especiallywhencrossingroads.②Ifyourawareness(aware)isassharpasitcouldbe,you'llhavenotroubleansweringthesequestions.完成句子③Weshouldtakemeasurestoraise_people's_awareness_of_this_problem.我们应采取措施来提高人们对这个问题的认识。④As_far_as_I'm_aware，wearesupposedtoearnmoneybyworkinghardandweshouldn'tbetoogreedyforwealth.据我所知，我们应该通过辛勤劳动赚钱，而且我们不应该对财富太贪婪。⑤Thataccidentmade_him_aware_oftheseriousresultofdrinkinganddriving.那次事故使他意识到酒后驾驶的严重后果。[写美]⑥(2015·江苏高考书面表达)一些驾驶员、骑自行车的人和行人缺乏遵守交通规则的意识，因为他们似乎意识不到哪些应该做、哪些不应该做。Some_drivers,_cyclists_and_pedestrians_lack_the_awareness_of_obeying_the_traffic_rules_for_the_reason_that_they_seem_unaware_of_the_dos_and_don'ts_on_the_road.9．judgen．法官；审判员；裁判员vt.判断；审判；裁判[记牢](1)judge...from/by...　　从……来判断asfarasIcanjudge据我判断；我认为(2)judgingby/from从……上看；根据……判断n(3)judgementn.判断力；评价[练通]单句语法填空①Allunder30yearsold,thecandidateswereexaminedbyagroupofjudges(judge)intheirfields.②Judging(judge)fromthebookIhaveread,Ithinkheisaverypromisingwriter.③Wearingproperclothesisimportanttoo,forlocalswilljudgeyoubywhatyouwear.④Theaccidentwascausedbyanerrorofjudgement(judge)onthepartofthepilot.完成句子⑤Judging_by/from_the_smell,_thefoodmustbedelicious.根据香味来判断，这种食物一定很美味。⑥As_far_as_I_can_judge,_hecanrealizehisdreamofgoingtouniversity.依我看来，他能实现上大学的梦想。[用准]　judgingfrom/by用在句首，作为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。[写美]⑦(2018·江苏高考书面表达)我们都知道，大部分的消费排名都是基于其他人对有关产品或服务的判断。As_we_all_know,_most_of_the_ratings_are_based_on_others'_judgement_on_the_product_or_service_concerned.[词汇过关综合训练]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Withbuildingmaterials(材料)rising,thepriceofthehousingisgettingmoreandmoreexpensivenowadays.2．Honestlyspeaking,itwasmyteacher'sinfluencethatmademefinallytakeupmypresentcareerasabiologyresearcher(研究者)．3．Hugeareasofrainforestarebeingdestroyed(毁坏)everyyearbymultinationalcompaniesseekingquickprofits.4．Theflowermanagershavedecorated(装饰)thechurchbeautifullyfortheceremony.5．MexicanscelebrateSeptember16,thedaywhenMexicodeclared(宣布)independencefromSpain.n6．Withoutsayingaword,Annatookholdofmyarmandmarched(前进)meofftotheheadmaster'soffice.7．Thesweatwaspouring(倾泻)downherfacebytheendoftherace.8．Weareworkingunderextreme(极度的)pressureatthemoment.9．Openingthedoor,Isawtheremains(剩余物)ofahalfeatenmealwerestillonthetable.10．Thosecorrupt(腐败的)officialsfattenedthemselvesbydrinkingthepeople'slifeblood.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Ifyouwishtomakeacomplaint(complain)aboutthat,youshouldseethemanager.2．Theskywasdarkenedbytheheavysmokepouring(pour)fromthefactory.3．Doctorssayangercanbeanextremely(extreme)harmfulemotion,unlessyoulearnhowtodealwithit.4．Anaccidenthappenedonthewayhomelastnight,butthedriverfledfromthesite.5．Wecanlearnalotabouthowhumansadapttodramaticclimatechangefromtheseremains(remain)．6．Talkingtoanetworkguidancecounseloraheadoftimecanalsobehelpful.7．Asaworldcultural(culture)relic,theGreatWallneedsprotectionfrombothChinesepeopleandforeigntourists,acompanymanagersaid.8．AsmoreandmoreAfricanimporterslooktoChinaasasourceofgoods,thereisagrowingawareness(aware)thatbuyersneedtoknowhowtoaccessgoodqualityitems.9．Iwenttoaworkshopandgradually(gradual)gotgoodatmakingthingswithclay(黏土)．10．In1966,PresidentLyndonJohnsondeclaredthethirdSundayofJuneasFather'sDay.Ⅲ.单句改错1．Manyrefugeeshavebeenforcedtofleetotheirhomeland.去掉第二个to或第二个to→from2．Althoughjudgingtobethebestinarecentsciencecompetition,thestudentremainsmodest.judging→judgedn3．Unfortunate,hewasnotTom'sfriend,butacompletestranger.Unfortunate→Unfortunately4．Everyoneshouldbeawarewiththerealsituationofwatershortage.with→of5．Ithinkthereisoneproblemremainstobesolved.remains→remaining6．AftertheearthquakeIsawthewholetowninruin,butnoweverythinghaschanged.ruin→ruins7．Publicschoolsaremainlyfoundbygovernmentsthroughtaxincome.found→foundedⅣ.完成句子1．ThePeople'sRepublicofChinawas_foundedin1949.中华人民共和国成立于1949年。2．Peoplepour_intobigdepartmentstoreswhentheyhavesales.大百货商店大减价的时候人们蜂拥而至。3．Thechurchbuilthundredsofyearsagohas_fallen_into_ruin.建于几百年前的那座教堂已破败不堪。4．Theculturalscholarhas_studied_the_remainsforfiveyears.这位文化学者研究这里的遗迹已经5年了。5．Theymade_a_complaint_ofinjusticeinthewaytheyhadbeentreated.他们抱怨受到不公平的对待。6．Wedeclare_thatthesedecisionsshallnotbecarriedintopractice.我们宣布这些决议将不执行。7．Judging_from/by_what_he_said,_hewasverydisappointed.从他说的话来看，他非常失望。8．Smokersare_well_aware_ofthedangersofsmokingtotheirownhealth.吸烟的人都非常清楚吸烟对自身健康的危害。(一)课前自主学习1．take_over[串记1]　夺取；接管2．in_memory_of纪念n3．no_doubt[串记2]无疑，确实4．rise_up_against起义，反抗5．stand_in_one's_path阻碍(某人)6．come_down_with患(病)7．be_buried_alive被活埋8．turn_out结果是，证明是9．break_down毁掉；身体垮掉；抛锚10．together_with与……一起11．pour_out涌出12．focus_on集中(精力)于13．carry_out实施；执行14．on_board[串记3]在船上(飞机上或火车上)15．have_enough_of[串记4]对……感到厌烦16．become_aware_of意识到，知道[同根短语串记]串记1.聚焦take短语①takeup拿起；接受；开始从事；继续；占(时间、地方)②takein接纳；吸收；包括；理解；欺骗③takeoff脱下(衣帽等)；起飞④takeon雇用；呈现(面貌)；具有(特征)⑤takeover接管；接任；接替⑥takeback收回；接回；退回⑦takedown写下；记下；拆下；拆掉串记2.“no＋n.”短语小结　①nodoubt无疑，确实②nowonder难怪③noway没门，不行④nohurry不急，勿慌⑤noproblem没问题⑥nosurprise毫无意外串记3.“on＋n.”短语集锦　①onboard在船上(飞机上或火车上)n②onfire着火③ontrial在试用④onstrike在罢工⑤onbusiness出差⑥ondisplay/show在展出⑦onsale出售串记4.“讨厌”就要说出来　①haveenoughof对……感到厌烦②betiredof厌烦于……③beboredwith厌烦于……④befedupwith厌烦于……1．lostcivilizations　　　　　　　遗失的文明2．attendalectureaboutPompeii听了一场有关庞贝的讲座3．causemuchdamage造成了很大的破坏4．stepin_themud在泥泞中行走5．failtofleethecity没能逃离城市6．astoppingpointonthefamousSilkRoad丝绸之路上的停靠点7．theremainsofbuildings建筑遗迹8．takethetimetoanswerallourquestions不慌不忙地回答我们所有的问题1．Near_the_city_wasavolcano.离该城不远处有一座火山。2．Itturnsoutthataftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity,theirbodiesnearlycompletelybrokedownanddisappeared,leaving_empty_spaces_in_the_ash.原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。3．Thedesertwasonceagreenlandwithhugetrees,buttheywerecutdownandthatresultedinthe_city_being_buried_by_sand—whatapity!n这片沙漠曾是一块长着参天大树的绿洲，但是大树被砍倒了，这导致了这座城市被风沙覆盖——多么遗憾啊！4．Inlessthan9minutes,theshipsankwith_1,177_men_on_board.在不到9分钟的时间里，船连同船上的1177人都沉了下去。[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块和句式1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobe(turned_out)agreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusingiteveryday.(用本单元的短语升级加黑部分)2．(2009·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)WelearnfromParagraph1thatthepetsoldattheshopmaysufferfrom(come_down_with)monkeypox(猴痘)．(用本单元短语替换加黑短语)高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(根据提示翻译句子)1．(2018·天津高考书面表达)如果你方便的话，我们希望你能加入我们。(wishfor,动名词的复合结构)If_it_is_convenient_to_you,_we_would_wish_for_your_joining_us.2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)知道你要去一个中国朋友家里做客，我非常开心。下面有一些你需要注意的细节。(完全倒装)I'm_very_delighted_to_know_that_you_are_going_to_pay_a_visit_to_a_Chinese_family._Here_are_some_details_that_you_should_pay_attention_to.3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)而且，随着体育馆的建立，许多体育赛事可以在这里举行，其中乒乓球和跑步竞赛非常受欢迎。(with复合结构，togetherwith)Moreover,_with_the_stadium_set_up,_a_wide_range_of_sports_events_are_able_to_be_held_here,_of_which_pingpong,_together_with_running_competitions_enjoys_great_popularity.(二)课堂重点释疑[短语集释]1．takeover夺取，占据；接替；接管[记牢]takeaway　　　　　拿走；夺走takedown写下，记下；拆卸takein吸收；理解；欺骗；收容takeoff起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功takeon接纳；雇佣；呈现；承担ntakeup拿起；接受；占据；开始从事；继续[练通]　介、副词填空①Youhavetolearntotakedownthekeypointseventhoughyoudon'ttakethemin.②WhenMr.Greenretired,hissontookoverthebusinessfromhim.③Smartphonesnotonlytakeupourvaluabletime,butalsodogreatharmtoourhealth.④Don'tbetakeninbyproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.⑤Hewitnessedtohavingseenthemantakeawaythecase.⑥Inthepastfewyears,thevillagehastakenonanewlook.[写美]⑦(2018·浙江高考书面表达)当一个志愿者生病时，我接替了她的工作。那些美国学生对我评价很高。When_a_volunteer_was_ill,_I_took_over_the_task_from_her._Those_American_students_thought_highly_of_me.2．inmemoryof纪念[记牢]intermsof　　　　　　　就……而言inneed/wantof需要infavorof赞同；支持inpraiseof赞扬inhonourof为了向……表示敬意inviewof鉴于，考虑到，由于insearchof寻找insupportof支持[练通]　选用上述短语填空①In_terms_ofconvenience,themuseumhasmoreadvantagesoverthegallery.②Iheardofaforcibleargumentin_favor_ofthenewpolicy.③Mygoalwastolose150poundsinoneyearandraise＄50,000in_support_ofamovementfounded30yearsagotoendhunger.④Atenfootwoodensquirrelsculpturewasplacednearthebridgein_memory_ofitsbuilderandhisdevotiontotheproject.⑤Abanquetwasgiven_in_honour_ofthedistinguishedguestsfromTsinghuaUniversity.n⑥In_view_oftheexperienceofthe20thcentury,manyobserverspredictthateconomicgrowthwillslowdown.⑦Energypolicyisbadly_in_need_ofradicalreexamination.[写美]⑧(2018·浙江高考书面表达)我了解到我们学校的英语协会现在需要一些志愿者来接待来我们学校参观的外国学生。I've_learned_that_the_English_Association_of_our_school_is_now_in_need_of_some_volunteers_to_receive_foreign_students_visiting_our_school.3．nodoubt无疑，确实[记牢](1)Thereisnodoubtthat...　　毫无疑问……Thereissomedoubtwhether...怀疑是否……withoutdoubt毫无疑问(2)don'tdoubtthat...不怀疑……doubtwhether/if...怀疑/不相信是否……[练通]对比填空：that/whether/if①Thereisstillsomedoubtwhethertheautumnsportsmeetingwillbeheldinourschool.②Idon'tdoubtthatmyfatherwillcometowatchmyperformance,butIdoubtwhether/ifhecancomeontime.③Thisdoesn'tmeanwearebecomingeithermoreorlessintelligent,butthereisnodoubtthatthewayweusememoryischanging.一句多译我怀疑我的表妹是否会接受他的邀请。④_I_doubt_whether/ifmycousinwillaccepthisinvitation.(doubtv．)⑤I_have_some_doubt_whether_mycousinwillaccepthisinvitation.(doubtn．)毫无疑问，我会提前完成任务。⑥There_is_no_doubt_thatIcanfulfilthetaskaheadofschedule.⑦Icanfulfilthetaskaheadofschedulewithout_doubt.[写美]⑧(2015·广东高考书面表达)毫无疑问，它可以增强人们的健康意识，但是更有可能导致过度焦虑。There_is_no_doubt_that_it_can_enhance_people's_consciousness_of_health,_butn_it_is_more_likely_to_result_in_overanxiety.[句式集释]1．动名词的复合结构[教材原句]　Thedesertwasonceagreenlandwithhugetrees,buttheywerecutdownandthatresultedinthe_city_being_buried_by_sand—whatapityIcan'timagineMary's/Mary_marryingsuchayoungman.我无法想像玛丽嫁给一个这样的年轻人。(2)Whatworriedthechildmostwashis/him_not_being_allowedtovisithismotherinhospital.最让那个孩子担心的是他不被允许去看望生病住院的妈妈。[析用法规则]用法归纳(1)动名词的复合结构的构成1：名词所有格/名词的普通格＋doing(如Mary's/Marymarrying)(2)动名词的复合结构的构成2：形容词性物主代词/人称代词的宾格＋doing(如his/himcoming)注意事项如果动名词的复合结构作主语，其逻辑主语只能用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。[背写作佳句](1)(2018·天津高考满分作文)Ibelieveyourjoiningourteamwillbenefitusalot.(要点句)(2)(2016·北京高考满分作文)HaiguoTuzhi'sintroducingmoderntechnologiesandideastoChinaopenedoureyestotheworld.(要点句)2．with复合结构[教材原句]　Inlessthan9minutes,theshipsankwith_1,177_men_on_board.[悟拓展例句](1)Hestoodintherain,with_his_clothes_wet.他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。(2)With_her_eyes_fixed_ontheworkattentively,shedidn'tknowwhatwashappeningoutside.因为她的注意力都集中在工作上，她不知道外面发生的事情。(3)Hefeltmoreuneasywiththewholeclassstaring_at_him.全班同学都盯着他看，他感到更不自然了。n(4)With_machines_to_doallthework,theywillsoonhavegotinthecrops.由于所有的工作都是由机器来完成，他们将很快收完庄稼。(5)Thechildwith_only_a_shirt_onwastremblingwithcold.只穿着一件衬衫的那个孩子冻得直发抖。[析用法规则]用法归纳“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”构成的复合结构作状语时，表原因、条件、方式等。主要结构如下：with＋宾语＋[背写作佳句](1)(2018·江苏高考满分作文)Withtheratingsgainingpopularity,moreandmorepeoplehaveturnedtoratingsforhelpintermsofconsumption.(要点句)(2)(2016·江苏高考满分作文)WiththerapiddevelopmentoftheInternet,onlinevotinghasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(要点句)[词块、句式过关综合训练]Ⅰ.选词填空standinone'spath,breakdown,nodoubt,carryout,onboard,takeover,turnout,inmemoryof,comedownwith1．Ifweneglectourbodies,theywillbecomeimbalancedandbreak_down.2．Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,killingallfourpeopleon_board.3．There'sno_doubtthatthe3Dtechnologycanprintavarietyofitemsthattraditionalmanufacturingcan'tmake.4．Itismoredifficulttocarry_outaplanthantothinkoneout.Justasyouknow,sayingisonethinganddoinganother.5．Henryhastaken_overtherunningofthefamilyfirmfromhisoldfather.6．Itturned_outthatthismethoddoesn'tworkwell.7．Columbia,ascanbeeasilyguessed,wasnamedin_memory_ofColumbus,whodiscoveredAmericain1492,eventhoughheneveractuallysetfootontheland.8．Manychildreninthekindergartencame_down_withtheflulastweek.n9．Hehasabadtemperandwillnotlistentoanybody,soyou'dbetternotstand_in_his_path.Ⅱ.翻译句子1．她的奶奶去世了，这让那个女孩很难过。(v.ing形式作结果状语)Her_grandma_passed_away,_making_the_girl_very_sad.2．她眼中含着眼泪向她的父母说了声再见。(with复合结构)She_said_goodbye_to_her_parents_with_tears_in_her_eyes.3．从扬声器里传来了医生的声音。(全部倒装)From_the_speaker_comes_the_doctor's_voice.4．毫无疑问他会成功。(nodoubt)There_is_no_doubt_that_he_will_succeed.5．他没有准时到达火车站让我们大家都很担心。(动名词的复合结构)His_not_getting_to_the_station_on_time_made_all_of_us_worried.Ⅲ.分步写作假如你是大一新生李华，学校将为大一新生举办主题为“WhatIWanttoLearnintheUniversity”的英语演讲活动，以让新生规划自己大学的学习、生活。请结合自身看法与以下要点准备一份演讲稿。要点包括：1．学会学习：养成良好的学习习惯(可举例说明)……2．学会与人相处：与人相处融洽，对人真诚、友善，帮助别人，学着独立生活……3．养成良好的品质：坚定、乐观，挑战困难，努力实现梦想，为未来就业做好准备……注意：1.词数100左右；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Ladiesandgentlemen，Goodmorning!I'mLiHua,afreshmanofourschool.Ifeelitanhonortogiveaspeechhereabout“WhatIWanttoLearnintheUniversity”．　　　　IbelieveIwilllivemylifetothefullestintheuniversity.Thankyou.第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点n本文是一篇演讲稿，应用第一人称进行表述，时态以现在时和将来时为主。要点的组织根据题目要求从三方面入手：一、养成良好的学习习惯；二、学会与人相处；三、培养良好的品质。要点1：我应该养成良好的学习习惯。(form)I_should_form_good_learning_habits.要点2－①：我应与别人友好相处。(getalongwellwith)I_should_get_along_well_with_others.要点2－②：我应与别人建立良好的关系。(relationship)I_should_have_good_relationships_with_others.要点3：我会学着养成一些优秀品格。我也会学会独立生活。我会为将来的就业做好准备。(develop,quality,makepreparationsfor)I_will_learn_to_develop_good_qualities._I_also_learn_to_live_independently.I_will_make_preparations_for_future_employment._第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼拟定的要点与文章给出的开头之间衔接比较生硬，缺少一个过渡句进行统领要点。要点1，可用高级词汇besupposedto升级原句，并扩充养成良好学习习惯的目的，以及养成这一习惯的重要性；要点2，指出“一个班级就像一个家庭，大家应友好相处”，并扩充建立良好关系的方式；要点3，写出良好的品质的具体内容(果断、乐观、学会独立生活等)。作为一篇演讲稿，要点最后应加一句鼓舞性的话进行收尾总结。过渡句：我最想学会的是以下几点。(主语从句)What_I_want_to_learn_most_are_as_follows.拓展1：我应该养成良好的学习习惯，以确保我能继续好好学习。成功的学习是建立在良好的方法和习惯的基础之上的。(besupposedto,makesure,bebasedon)I_am_supposed_to_form_good_learning_habits_to_make_sure_that_I_can_continue_to_learn_well,_and_successful_study_is_based_on_good_learning_methods_and_habits.拓展2－①：一个班级就像一个家庭，在那里我应该和其他人友好相处。(where引导的定语从句)A_class_is_like_a_family_where_I_should_get_along_well_with_others.拓展2－②：只有我们真诚善良地对待他人，我们才能与他们建立良好的关系。(onlyif...引起的倒装)Only_if_we_are_sincere_and_kind_to_others_can_we_have_good_relationships_with_them.拓展3n－①：在老师和同学的帮助下，我将学习培养果断、乐观等好品格，我也会学会独立生活。(动名词作介词宾语，并列句)With_the_help_of_my_instructors_and_classmates,_I_will_learn_to_develop_good_qualities_like_being_determined,_being_optimistic_and_so_on_and_also_learn_to_live_independently.拓展3－②：不要忘记设定一个明确的目标，为将来的就业做好准备。(现在分词作状语)Don't_forget_to_set_a_clear_goal,_making_preparations_for_future_employment._总结句：我们的决心帮助我们挑战和克服困难，我们的梦想指引我们前行。It_is_our_determination_that_helps_us_challenge_and_overcome_difficulties_and_it_is_the_dream_that_leads_us_forward.第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡本文可适当添加衔接词actually,tobeginwith,ofcourse,clearly,furthermore,but,asweknow,therefore,ofcourse等连句成文。Ladies_and_gentlemen，_Good_morning!_I'm_Li_Hua,_a_freshman_of_our_school._I_feel_it_an_honor_to_give_a_speech_here_about_“What_I_Want_to_Learn_in_the_University”．Actually,_what_I_want_to_learn_most_are_as_follows.To_begin_with,_I_am_supposed_to_form_good_learning_habits_to_make_sure_that_I_can_continue_to_learn_well._Clearly,_successful_study_is_based_on_good_learning_methods_and_habits._Furthermore,_a_class_is_like_a_family_where_I_should_get_along_well_with_others._But_how?_As_we_know,_only_if_we_are_sincere_and_kind_to_others_can_we_have_good_relationships_with_them.Therefore,_with_the_help_of_my_instructors_and_classmates,_I_will_learn_to_develop_good_qualities_like_being_determined,_being_optimistic_and_so_on_and_also_learn_to_live_independently.Of_course,_don't_forget_to_set_a_clear_goal,_making_preparations_for_future_employment._It_is_our_determination_that_helps_us_challenge_and_overcome_difficulties_and_it_is_the_dream_that_leads_us_forward.I_believe_I_will_live_my_life_to_the_fullest_in_the_university.Thank_you.理清文体结构之(九)　说明文之现象类——确定说明对象，查找说明顺序和方法n破解现象类说明文的关键：首先确定主题句，它常常位于篇首，通过主题句确定文章的说明对象。其次，要在略读全文时确定说明的顺序和方法，这是文章的核心部分，是命题的切入点，也是解题的关键。然后迅速浏览题干，结合题干要求到文中寻找关键对应点，从而确定答案。[确定说明对象，查找说明顺序和方法][高考典例]　2018·全国卷Ⅰ·C篇[读文解题技法]　说明对象时间1数字1时间2数字2数字3时间4数字5数字6数字7[1]Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhuntergatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.[2]Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies，trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenationstateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.[3]Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhich1.速读首段查找主题句，确定说明对象本文的主题句在首段but后，说明语言正在消失这一现象。2.略读全文查找说明顺序和说明方法本文以时间顺序采用各种数字来说明语言消失的规律。3.结合题干要求比对原文定答案结合题干中的关键词，比对各种数字背后暗含的意义，得出正确答案。nPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.[4]Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestionmark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.[利用说明顺序和方法巧解题]28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhuntergatherertimes？A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6，000peopleatpresent？A.About6，800.B.About3，400.C.About2，400.D.About1，200.由关键词第三段中的“时间4”、“数字4”、“数字5”和“数字6”，分析得出答案。31．Whatisthemainideaofthetext？―→文章主旨题：由说明对象及数字变化得出答案。A．Newlanguageswillbecreated.B．People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.n[答案]　28.B　30.B　31.C