高考英语复习unit1protectingourenvironment阅读理解组块专练——练速度（含解析）重庆大学版 9页

Unit1ProtectingOurEnvironment阅读理解组块专练——练速度(限时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AEverwanttopeekatacelebrity’sgiftlist?Forthecuriousandthoseinneedofafewholidayideas,wetrackeddownsomepeople.Theiranswersmightsurpriseyou.MartinDahindenSWISSAMBASSADORTOTHEUNITEDSTATESTOGIVE:Ilikethingstobepracticalandwellthoughtout.IwouldsaythatistypicallySwiss.IwouldgiftsomeoneaSwissArmyKnife,ausefulgiftinmanyways.VictorinoxSwissArmySpartanⅡPocketKnife,$17.13.VictorinoxSwissArmyEvoWood17SwissArmyKnife,$54.97.amazon.com.SylviaColellaFOUNDEROFFASHIONANDLIFESTYLEBLOGSIMPLYSYLVIATOGIVE:Onethingthatkeepsmemotivatedisgreatlookingworkoutorathleticwear,soIenjoygiftingpiecesfrommyfavoritebrands,likeMichi,AloYogaandSpiritualGangster.KoralLustrousLegging,$95.MichiBionicBra,$95.MelissaHoRENWICKGALLERYCURATOROF20THCENTURYARTTOGIVE:IwouldgivethisbooktoanyWashingtonianwhowasfoolishenoughtomisstheextraordinaryRobertIrwinexhibitionattheHirshhornthissummer.ThemagicofIrwin’sphenomenologicalartisdifficulttoconveyineitherphotographsorwords,yetHankins’sprosemakesthestoryofhisbreakthroughyearsbothaccessibleandenjoyable.“RobertIrwin:AlltheRulesWillChange”byEvelynC．Hankins,$35.90.amazon.com.KwameAlexanderPOETANDNEWBERYWINNINGAUTHOROF“THECROSSOVER”TOGIVE:Achildren’sbookgiftbasketwithsomeofmyfavorites:“ZoeinWonderland”byBrendaWoods,anythingbyMoWillems,DebbieLevyandVanessaBrantleyNewton’s“WeShallOvercome，”andthisreallycoolnovelcalled“TheCrossover.”“IDissent，”$14.10.“WeShallOvercome，”$15.65.“ZoeinWonderland，”$14.21.“TheCrossover，”$10.36.amazon.com.n语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了假日礼物该选什么？看看这些人的回答。1．Whomaybeahugefitnessenthusiast?A．MelissaHo.　　　　　B．SylviaColella.C．MartinDahinden.D．KwameAlexander.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据“SylviaColella”部分中的“Onethingthatkeepsmemotivatedisgreatlookingworkoutorathleticwear”可知，唯一能让他保持动力的就是很好看的运动式运动服，体现出了他对运动的喜爱，故选B项。2．HowmuchshouldyoupayatleastifyoubuyaSwissArmyKnifeandHankins’sbook?A．$35.90.B．$53.03.C．$54.97.D．$90.87.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据“MartinDahinden”部分中的“VictorinoxSwissArmySpartanⅡPocketKnife,$17.13.”以及“MelissaHo”部分中的“‘RobertIrwin:AlltheRulesWillChange’byEvelynC．Hankins,$35.90.”可知，最终结果为$53.03，故选B项。3．Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitableforkids?A．“WeShallOvercome”．B．KoralLustrousLegging.C．“RobertIrwin:AlltheRulesWillChange”．D．VictorinoxSwissArmyEvoWood17SwissArmyKnife.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据“KwameAlexander”部分中的“Achildren’sbookgiftbasketwithsomeofmyfavorites...’WeShallOvercome，’”可知，孩子们最喜欢的一本儿童读物就是“WeShallOvercome”，故选A项。BStationKeeperRichardEtheridgepeeredfromthelookouttowerofthePeaIslandStation.HerememberedthatnightbackinOctober1896,whentheworststorminalmostfiftyyearswasbatteringtheNorthCarolinacoast.Momentsearlier,oneofEtheridge’smen,TheodoreMeekins,hadspottedaredflareinthedistance.Etheridgequicklyknewthatcouldmeanonlyonething:shipwreck(船舶失事)．RescuingshipsindistresswasnothingnewforEtheridge,theLifeSavingService’sfirstAfricanAmericanstationchief.WhitemenrefusedtoworkunderEtheridge.SoEtheridgeandtheLifeSavingServicerecruitedacrewofAfricanAmericanrescuerstoworkwithhim.Etheridge’smentrainedfortenhoursaday,sevendaysaweek.Theyperformednlifesavingdrillsandtuggedtheir1,500poundsurfboatandequipmentformilesthroughthesand.ThewreckonthenightofOctober1896putallofthecrew’spracticetothetest.AssoonasEtheridgeandMeekinsspottedtheredflare,theywokeuptheotherfivemenonduty.Thecrewquicklypushedandpulledtheirsurfboatandequipmentcartdownthebeachfortwomiles.“Thestormwasragingfearfully，”Etheridgelaterwroteinhisjournal.Butthecrewkepttrudgingthroughtheicywater.Finally,theyspottedthewreck.Theschooner(纵帆船)E．S.Newmanhadblownaground30yardsoffshore.Allnineofthepassengersandcrewweretrappedonboard.Hismenstruggledthroughthecurrentsintotaldarkness.Againandagain,thementookturnsswimminginpairsthroughtheseatothewreck.Aftersixdifficulthours,theNewmanwasdestroyed,butallninepassengersweresafelyonshore.ThecaptainoftheNewmanwassogratefulthathegaveEtheridgeandhiscrewtheship’snameboard.ThePeaIslandStationwasclosedin1947,andeveryoneseemedtoforgettheextraordinaryrescue.Finally,in1996EtheridgeandhismenwereawardedtheCoastGuard’shighesthonor,theGoldLifesavingMedal.OnehundredyearsaftertheNewmanrescue,themenofthePeaIslandStationwererecognizedforwhattheywere—heroes.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在1896年发生在豌豆岛上的一次英勇的生命大营救的故事。4．Theauthordescribesthecrew’strainingexperiencesmainlyto________.A．provehowwellthecrewfollowedordersB．explainhowmuchthecrewrespectedtheirchiefC．showthecrewwaspreparedtoactinanemergencyD．illustratewhysomewhitemenrefusedtoworkthere解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，作者描写Etheridge手下的救援者刻苦训练的情形是为了说明他们已为紧急救援做了充分的准备。5．WhatisthemainreasontheNewmanrescuewasconsideredextraordinary?A．ItwasrecordedindetailbyRichardEtheridge.B．Itwasconductedinthenightwhenthefogwasverythick.C．Thecrewhadtodragtheirequipmenttwomilesalongthebeach.D．Thecrewsavedallofthepassengersinspiteofextremeconditions.解析：选D　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知，尽管救援环境严峻，但是所有船客全n部获救，所以对Newman的救援很非凡。6．Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．ThePeaIslandStationwasclosedduetotherescue.B．EtheridgeappliedfortheGoldLifesavingMedalinperson.C．ThecaptainoftheNewmanawardedthecrewthehighesthonor.D．Etheridge’smenreceivedrecognitionahundredyearsaftertherescue.解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，参与救援Newman的救援者的英勇事迹在一百年以后才被真正认可。7．What’sthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Towarnsailorsofthedangersofhurricanes.B．Tonarrateastorydescribingarescueatsea.C．ToinformpeopleaboutRichardEtheridge.D．TorecordthedetailsabouttheNewman.解析：选B　写作意图题。通读全文可知，作者写该文章旨在讲述在1896年发生在豌豆岛上的一次英勇的生命大营救的故事。CTheAmazonbasinregionishometoabout2.5millioninsectspecies,tensofthousandsofplants,andsome2,000birdsandmammals.Todate,atleast40,000plantspecies,3,000fish,1,294birds,427mammals,428amphibians,and378reptileshavebeenscientificallyclassifiedintheregion.OneinfiveofallthebirdsintheworldliveintheAmazonrainforest.Thewarmandwetforesthasbeeninexistenceforatleast55millionyears,andthrivedevenduringglacialperiods,allowingfortheevolutionofanunbelievablediversityofspecies.Radiocarbondating(放射性碳定年法)hasrevealedtreesof10centimeterindiametertobemorethan300yearsold,andsometreesover1,000yearsold,indicatingthatuntouchedforestscanexperienceunbelievablelongevity.ThefirsthumaninhabitantsarethoughttohavesettledintheAmazonregionabout11,200yearsago.Europeanexplorersarrivedinthe16thcentury,bringingdiseaseswhichtraveledfasterthantheexplorersthemselves,killingperhapsasmanyas90%oftheindigenousinhabitants(土著居民)．Bythelate17thcenturytheAmazonbasinwascontrolledbyPortugueseandSpanishexplorers.TheAmazonrainforestshavebeendescribedasthelungsofourplanetbecauseofitsimportantroleinrecyclingcarbondioxideintooxygen.Butduetondeforestation(滥伐森林),rainforestsnowcoverlessthan5%oftheEarth’slandsurface,andexpertsbelievethatthisisabigcontributortoglobalclimatechange.Severedeforestationbeganinthe20thcentury,with587,000squarekilometerslostuptotheyear2000.Mostdeforestedlandisusedforgrasslandtoraisefarmanimalsandagriculture.Theadditionoftransportrouteshasledtoincreasedsettlementanddeforestation,andatthepresentrate,scientistsestimatethattheAmazonrainforestwillbereducedby40%intwodecades.语篇解读：本文主要讲述了亚马孙热带雨林的历史、丰富的物种以及现在所面临的危险。8．WhyarethefiguresmentionedinParagraph1?A．Toprovetheforestuntouched.B．Toclassifyspeciesscientifically.C．Toshowthediversityofspecies.D．ToattractmoreattentiontotheAmazonregion.解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段的内容并结合第二段第一句中的“allowingfortheevolutionofanunbelievablediversityofspecies”可推知，那些关于动植物种类的数字说明了亚马孙热带雨林的物种多样性，故选C项。9．WhydidmostindigenousinhabitantsintheAmazonregiondie?A．Europeanexplorersbroughtdiseasesthere.B．Portugueseexplorerstreatedthembadly.C．Alotoftreeswerecutdownandburned.D．TheygotkilledbySpanishexplorers.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Europeanexplorersarrivedinthe16thcentury...indigenousinhabitants(土著居民)．”可知，可能多达90%的亚马孙土著居民因为欧洲探险者所带来的疾病而死亡，故选A项。10．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheAmazonrainforest?A．Ithasthelargestnumberofspecies.B．Itcoversover5%ofSouthAmerica.C．Itisbecominglargerinarea.D．Itisbeingendangerednow.解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“atthepresentrate...intwodecades”并结合最后一段的整体内容可推知，亚马孙热带雨林遭到破坏，而且未来20年可能会减少40%，故选D项。11．Whatmaybeincludedinthefollowingparagraph?A．Examplesofdestroyingforests.nB．Measurestoprotectrainforests.C．NewsettlementsintheAmazonregion.D．Waystostopglobalwarming.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的关键词“deforestation”可推知，亚马孙热带雨林砍伐严重，那么文章接下来自然就应该是论述这一问题的解决措施，故选B项。DAnurbanheatisland,orUHI,isametropolitanareathat’ssignificantlywarmerthantheruralareassurroundingit.Heatiscreatedbyenergyfromallthepeople,cars,buses,andtrainsinbigcitieslikeNewYork,Paris,andLondon.Whenhouses,shops,andindustrialbuildingsareconstructedclosetogether,itcancreateaUHI.Buildingmaterialsareusuallyverygoodatinsulating(使隔离),orholdinginheat.Thisinsulationmakestheareasaroundbuildingswarmer.“Wasteheat”alsocontributestoaUHI.Peopleandtheirtools,suchascarsandfactories,arealwaysburningoffenergy,whetherthey’rejogging,driving,orjustlivingtheirdaytodaylives.Theenergypeopleburnoffusuallyescapesintheformofheat.Andiftherearealotofpeopleinonearea,that’salotofheat.Urbanareasaredenselypopulated.Urbanareasarealsodenselyconstructed,meaningbuildingsareconstructedveryclosetogether.Whenthereisnomoreroomforanurbanareatoexpand,engineersbuildupward,creatingskyscrapers.Allthisconstructionmeanswasteheat—andheatthatescapesinsulationhasnowheretogo.Itlingers(逗留)inandbetweenbuildingsintheUHI.UHIsoftenhavelowerairqualitybecausemorewasteproductsfromvehicles,industry,andpeoplearepumpedintotheair.Thesepollutantsareblockedfromscatteringbytheurbanlandscape:buildings,roads,sidewalks,andparkinglots.ScientistsarestudyinghowUHIsmightcontributetoglobalwarming.Whenit’sreallyhot,manyofusrunstraighttothefanortheairconditioning.ThisisespeciallytrueinurbanareasthatsufferfromUHIeffects.UHIscontributetoenergydemandsinthesummer,consumingmoreenergyresources.UHIsareoftensubjectto“rollingblackouts，”orpowerfailures.Electricpowercompaniesstartrollingblackoutswhentheydonothaveenoughenergytomeettheircustomers’demands.TheenergyusedinelectricfansandairconditioningendsupcontributingtoanevenhotterUHI.n语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了城市热岛现象及其带来的危害。12．Whichofthefollowingmaycausewasteheat?A．Globalwarming.B．Doingsports.C．Hotsunshine.D．Heavyclouds.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“whetherthey’rejogging,driving,orjustlivingtheirdaytodaylives”可知，进行体育锻炼也可能会导致废热出现，故选B项。13．HowisaUHIdifferentfromitsneighboringareas?A．Ithasmoreplants.B．Itismorepolluted.C．Ithasmuchfresherair.D．Itisusuallymuchcooler.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“UHIsoftenhavelowerairqualitybecausemorewasteproductsfromvehicles,industry,andpeoplearepumpedintotheair.”可知，城市热岛比周围地区污染更严重。14．Whichshowstherelationshipsamongtheevents?①rollingblackouts②averyhotsummer③theincreasingenergydemands④moreuseoffansorairconditioningA．④→③→①→②B．④→①→③→②C．②→①→④→③D．②→④→③→①解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，D项正确描述了这四种现象之间的关系。15．WhichbestdescribesUHIs’influenceonhumans?A．Negative.B．Temporary.C．Unclear.D．Unimportant.解析：选A　推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了城市热岛现象，以及它会给人们带来不利影响，故选A项。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Chickenisapopularfoodinmanycountries.__1__Britainaloneprocessesmorethan945millionwhitefeatheredchickenseveryyear,creatingtonsofleftoverfeathers.TwostudentsfromImperialCollegeLondon,ElenaDieckmanandRyanRobinson,wanttoturnthesefeathersintosomethinguseful.Theyarestudyinghowntousetheminotherways,likekeepinghomeswarm.Whyarefeathersuseful?Birdfeathershavelongbeenusedinclothingandinbedding.Manufacturersoftenusefeathersbecauseoftheirlightweightandthewarmththeyprovideinacoldroomorclimate.__2__Theyaredesignedbynaturetoprotectbirdsfromreallyharshenvironments.Theyaresuperlightweight,waterproofandbiodegradable(可生物降解的)．Sothey’reareallygreatmaterial.Robinsonaddsthattheirgoalistodevelopwaystousetheentirefeather,notjustpartsofit.__3__ElenaDieckmanandRyanRobinsonareeachworkingtowardaDoctorofPhilosophydegree,orPhD.TheyarethefoundersofastartupcompanycalledAeropowder.__4__Theydevelopedabiodegradableproductthatcouldreplacemanmadeinsulation(隔热材料)．Biodegradablematerialsarecapableofbeingslowlybrokendownthroughnaturalprocesses.__5__The$23,000theywoninthecompetitionhelpedthemstarttheircompany,Aeropowder.A．Ifsuccessful,theymayhelppreventthewasteofthisusefulnaturalmaterial.B．Featherisverylight,sothatwesay“aslightasafeather”．C．Andthenumberofchickenkilledfortheirmeatisrising.D．DieckmanandRobinsonwonseveralawardsfortheirinsulation.E．Humanskeepchickensasasourceoffood,consumingboththeirmeatandeggs.F．AccordingtoElenaDieckman,feathersarearealwondermaterial.G．Theyhadanideatocreateusefulmaterialsfromwaste.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了两个学生把鸡毛变废为宝的故事。1．选C　承接上文的“Chickenisapopularfoodinmanycountries.”并与下文的“Britainaloneprocessesmorethan945millionwhitefeatheredchickenseveryyear”呼应可推知，设空处讲的是有关作为食用用途的鸡的数量的内容，故选C项。2．选F　根据下文的“Sothey’reareallygreatmaterial.”可知，鸡毛是一种了不起的原材料，故选F项。3．选A　根据上文的“Robinsonaddsthattheirgoalistodevelopwaystousetheentirefeather,notjustpartsofit.”可推知，接下来讲的是这个目标实现后所产生的效果，故选A项。4．选G　根据下文的“Theydevelopedabiodegradableproductthatcouldreplacenmanmadeinsulation(隔热材料)．”可推知，这两个学生想废物利用，故选G项。5．选D　由下文的“The$23,000theywoninthecompetitionhelpedthemstarttheircompany,Aeropowder.”可知，这两个学生赢得了一些奖项，故选D项。