2019高中英语unit7theseasectionⅳlesson2 13页

SectionⅣLesson2&Lesson3—LanguagePoints一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.banvt.　　　　　　　　禁止2.handlevt.对付3.departmentn.部，系，局，部门4.discountn.折扣，减价5.altogetheradv.完全Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.industrialadj.工业的→industryn．工业2.agriculturaladj.农业的→agriculturen．农业3.chemicaln．化学物→chemistryn．化学→chemistn．化学家，药剂师4.presentvt.演示；讲演→presentationn．介绍；赠送5.solutionn．解决办法；答案→solvevt.解决，处理6.pollutevt.使污染→pollutionn．污染7.intelligentadj.有灵性的；聪明的→intelligencen．智力，理解力8.energeticadj.有活力的→energyn．精力，活力9.discoveryn．发现→discoverv．发现10.educatevt.教育→educationn．教育→educationaladj.有教育1.handlevt.处理[联想]　handle的原意是“手柄”，引申为“处理”时，其内涵是管理和操纵。[词块]　①handlethreelanguages运用三种语言②handlewell操作得很好　③handleeasily容易操作2.discountn．折扣[记法]　dis(不)＋count(计算)→不计算在内→打折[联想]　dis前缀单词荟萃①disadvantagen．不利因素　　　②disordern．无秩序③discoverv．发现④disliken.&v．不喜爱3.presentvt.讲演，演示；授予；赠送；介绍n.礼物；目前adj.在场的；目前的[图片记忆]　[串记]　I'dratheruseacharttopresentthepresentsituationtotheaudiencepresent.我愿意用图表向在场的观众呈现目前的形势。4.energeticadj.有活力的[联想]　归纳tic结尾的形容词①romanticadj.浪漫的②realisticadj.实事求是的；现实的③fantasticadj.极好的5.lengthn．长度，长n意义的11.attractvt.吸引→attractionn．吸引人的地方→attractiveadj.诱人的12.measurevi.&vt.(长度、数量)为；测量→measurementn．测量；(某物的)尺寸13.lengthn．长度，长→longadj.长的→lengthenv.(使)变长；延长[联想]　度量名词知多少①width宽　②depth深　③height高二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.makealiving　　　　　谋生2．taketurns轮流3．everytwohours每两小时4．watchout注意，小心5．ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...一方面……另一方面……6．inlength在长度方面1.dealwith　　　　　　　　　处理2．makenotes做笔记3．beresponsiblefor对……负责4．beinterestedin对……感兴趣5．ofhighintelligence智商高的6．communicatewithsb.与某人交流7．thesoonerthebetter越早越好三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Well,theyareanimalsofhighintelligenceandtheycancommunicate.噢，它们是高智商的动物，并且它们可以交流。“of＋表示抽象意义的名词”结构在句中作定语。Peopleof_different_agehavedifferentopinionsonthebook.不同年龄的人对这本书有不同的看法。2.It'sthreetimesasbigunderwater.它的水下部分是水上部分的三倍大。threetimesasbig为倍数表达法。Thistreeisthree_times_as_tall_asthatone.这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。3.Youcertainlywon'tfindanoisierfish.你绝不会找到(比它们)更吵比较级用在否定句中，表达最高级之意。HowwellSongZuyingsings!I'venever_heard_a_better_voicn闹的鱼。e.宋祖英唱得多好啊！这是我听到过的最美的歌声。4.Somefishattractotherfishwithalightontheirbody—andtheneatthem!有些鱼用它们身体上的一种光吸引其他的鱼——然后吃掉它们！“with＋宾语＋介词短语”结构在句中作状语。With_the_children_at_school，wecan'ttakeourvacationwhenwewantto.由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时却不能去。1．(教材P10)banvt.禁止n.禁止，禁令(1)bandoingsth.　　　　　　　禁止做某事bansb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事(2)abanonsth.关于……的禁令①Thegovernmenthasbannedtheuseofchemicalweapons.政府已经禁止使用化学武器。②Thegovernmenthasbannedsmoking(smoke)onpublictransport.政府正在考虑禁止在公交车上吸烟。③Hewasbannedfromdrivingforthreeyears.他被禁驾三年。④Mostpeopleareforthebanonsmokinginpublicbuildings.多数人赞成在公共场所吸烟的禁令。2．(教材P11)solutionn．答案；解决办法a/thesolutiontosth.　　　　　……的解决方法solvev.解决；解答①Whatisthesolutiontotheradiationfoundinthevegetables?解决蔬菜里发现的放射性物质的办法是什么？②Ittookmeanhourtofindthesolutiontotheproblem.解决这个问题花了我一个小时。③Thelittleboyhelpedhisfatherto_solve_the_mystery.n小男孩帮他父亲解开了谜团。[名师点津]　solution后接介词to，表示“……的解决方法”，类似的名词还有key,answer,entrance,attitude(态度)等。④What'syourattitudetostudentsusingcellphonesatschool?你对学生在校使用手机持什么态度？3．(教材P11)Theyalsotrytohelppeopletogetotherkindsofjobssotherearelesspeopletryingtomakealivingfromfishing.他们还尽力帮助人们找到一些其他的工作，这样就会有更少的人再试图靠捕鱼谋生了。makealiving谋生makea/one'sliving　　　　　谋生earna/one'sliving谋生makea...life过……的生活①Shetookitforgrantedthatitwaseasiertomakealivinginthecities.她想当然地认为在城市谋生容易些。②Iwonderhowhecanmake/earn_his/a_livingwithbothhishandsmissing.我不知道没有了双手他如何生存。③Wemakealivingbywhatweget,butwemake_a_lifebywhatwegive.[谚语]我们靠所得来谋生，但靠给予来创造生活。4．(教材P11)Howwillyoupresentyourproject?你将如何演示你的计划？present(1)vt.讲演，演示；授予；赠送；介绍；引见presentsth.tosb.　　向某人提交某物presentsb.withsth.＝presentsth.tosb.给某人颁奖，向某人赠送某物presentsb.tosb.向某人介绍/引见某人①Aftermakingcarefulpreparations,Ipresentedthereporttothemanager.详细准备之后，我把报告交给了经理。②Thechildrenpresentedflowerstotheteachers.＝Thechildrenpresentedtheteacherswithflowers.孩子们向老师赠送鲜花。③AllowmetopresentMr.Browntoyou.请允许我把布朗先生介绍给你。(2)n.礼物；赠品；现在；目前natpresent　　　　　　　　现在；目前forthepresent暂时④Personally,Ithinkthebestpresentisnotnecessarilythemostexpensiveone.就我个人而言，我认为最好的礼物不一定是最昂贵的礼物。⑤Heisat_presentawayonhisholidays.目前他去休假了。(3)adj.在场的，出席的；现在的，目前的bepresentat　　　　　　　　出席beabsentfrom缺席⑥Somethingmustbedoneaboutthepresentsituation.关于目前的状况必须采取某种措施。⑦Peoplepresent_at_the_meetingweremostlyscientistsfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.出席会议的主要是来自世界各地的科学家。[名师点津]　present表示“出席的，在场的”时，常作表语或后置定语；当表示“目前的”时，常作前置定语。5．(教材P12)Therearefantasticshowseverytwohours.每两个小时就有一场精彩的表演。everytwohours每两小时(1)every＋序数词＋单数名词，意为“每……，第……”。①HecomestoseehisuncleeverythirdSundayeverymonth.他每月第三个星期天来看他的叔叔。(2)every＋基数词＋复数名词＝every＋序数词＋单数名词，意为“每(多少)”。②Shewaterstheflowersevery_two_days/every_second_daytokeepitgrowwell.她每两天给花浇一次水，以便它们长得好。(3)everyother＋单数名词，意思是“每隔一……”。③Hegoestotownevery_other_daytobuythings.他每隔一天进一次城买东西。(4)everyfew＋复数名词，意思是“每隔几……”。④Hestoppedandturnedaroundevery_few_metres.他每走几米就停下来向四周看一看。6．(教材P12)Ourmostuptodateattraction.(这是)我们最新式的引人入胜之处。nuptodateadj.最新的；现代的(1)uptodate　　　　　　　　最新的outofdate过时的todate＝uptonow/sofar到目前为止(常与现在完成时连用)(2)datebackto/datefrom追溯到①WecangettheuptodateinformationaroundtheworldthroughtheInternet.通过互联网我们可以获得世界各地的最新资讯。②Muchoftheinformationinthatbookis_now_out_of_date.那本书的材料中有许多现在已经过时了。③Thecollegedates_back_tomedievaltimes.这所学院创办于中世纪。[名师点津]　datebackto/datefrom常用一般现在时，无被动形式；作定语时，常用现在分词形式。attractionn.[C]吸引人的地方[U]吸引，吸引力(1)attractvt.　　　　　　吸引(2)attractiveadj.有吸引力的beattractiveto对……有吸引力①TheTowerofLondonisagreatattractiontotourists.伦敦塔对游客有很大的吸引力。②Thetouristattractionissoattractivethatitattractsagreatmanyvisitorseveryyear.(attract)这个旅游胜地如此吸引人，以至于每年都吸引很多的游客。③Actually,thethreecolumnsareequallyattractivetousstudents.实际上，这三个栏目对我们学生有同样的吸引力。7．(教材P12)Watchout！小心！watchoutfor...　　　　　　　当心/小心watchover保护，照看某人watchit(口)当心①Watchout！Thereisacarcoming!小心，有车！②Watch_out_forcarswhenyoucrosstheroad.过马路时要当心车辆。③Theremusthavebeenanangelwatchingovermethatday.那天一定是有天使在保佑我。n[名师点津]　英语中表示“当心”的短语还有：becareful,lookout等。8．(教材P13)Biggerdolphinscanmeasurefourmetresinlengthbutcommondolphinsareusuallylessthantwometreslong.大一些的海豚可达4米长，但一般的海豚通常不到两米长。measurevt.测定；测量；评估vi.(长度、数量)为n.尺寸；措施make...toone'smeasure　　按照某人的尺寸做(衣服等)takemeasurestodosth.采取措施做某事①Themanagermeasuredtheimportanceoftheaccidentanddecidedtosendtheworkeraway.经理估量了一下事故的重要性，决定把那个工人打发走。②Mymothermademeapairoftrouserstomymeasure.我妈妈按照我的尺寸给我做了一条裤子。③Thegovernmentmusttakemeasuresto_protect(protect)thewildanimals.政府应该采取措施来保护野生动物。[名师点津]　measure表示“某物有……长(宽/高等)”时，为不及物动词，后接表示数量单位的内容，不用于被动语态和进行时；表示“措施”，常用复数形式。1．Well,theyareanimalsofhighintelligenceandtheycancommunicate.噢，它们是高智商的动物，并且它们可以交流。句中ofhighintelligence为“of＋(修饰词)＋表示抽象意义的名词”结构，常在句中充当表语、定语或宾语补足语，指某物/某人属于或具有某种特征、情感、品质等。(1)有的抽象名词可转化为其同根形容词，如help,importance,use,value,interest,benefit等。抽象名词前可以加much,great,little,some,any,no等表示程度。①Theorywithoutpracticeisoflittlehelp.没有实践的理论是没有什么帮助的。②Weallthinkhiswordsofgreatimportance(important)．我们都认为他的话非常重要。(2)“of＋名词”结构中的名词还可以是表示度量、种类、形状、颜色等的名词，如size,length,height,width,colour,weight,age,kind等。名词前可以加a,an,thesame，表示不同的人或物的共同特征。③Thetwochildrenareof_the_same_age,_butof_different_heights.这两个孩子年龄相同，但身高不同。(3)“of＋名词”结构还可以表示主语的根源关系，此时的名词多是表示亲属、血统、n种族、国籍及出处的名词，常用的有family,blood,race,origin等。④TheAmericansareof_almost_all_colours_and_races.美国人几乎包括各种各样的肤色及种族。2．Somefishattractotherfishwithalightontheirbody—andtheneatthem!有些鱼用它们身体上的一种光吸引其他的鱼——然后吃掉它们！本句是一个含有with的复合结构的并列句，withalightontheirbody是with的复合结构，其结构为“with＋n.＋介词短语”，在句中作状语。with的复合结构还有以下几种形式：①Withthebeautifulmoonupinthesky,wesittogetherandeatmooncakesandfruit,sharingourstories.美丽的月亮高挂在天空，我们坐在一块吃月饼、吃水果并且分享我们的故事。②Heisusedtosleepingwith_the_windows_open.他习惯于开着窗户睡觉。③Helefttheroomwith_all_the_lights_on.灯全亮着他就离开了房间。④Withtheirhomeworkfinished(finish)，theywenthomehappily.做完作业，他们高高兴兴地回家了。⑤Theyoungwoman,withababysleeping(sleep)inherarms,waswanderinginthestreet.那位年轻的妇女，抱着一个熟睡的婴儿，漫步在大街上。⑥Withsomanyessaysto_write(write),hewon'thavetimetogoshoppingthismorning.有那么多文章要写，他今天早上没有时间去买东西。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Withsomuchworkto_do(do),Ihavenotimeforaholiday.2．Whatyousaidisofnointeresttome.3．Thisisantempledating(date)backtotheTangDynasty.4．Anearthquakemeasuring(measure)9.0struckthenortheastcoastofthecountryonMarch11,2014.5．Howmanypeoplewerepresentatthemeeting?n6．NocountryshouldbebannedfromjoiningtheUN.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Howdopeopleheremake_a_living?这里的人们怎么谋生呢？2．Soundtravelsinthewaternearlyfive_times_as_fast_asintheair.声音在水中的传播速度差不多是在空气中传播速度的五倍。3．Thegovernmentdepartmentistryingtofind_a_solution_totheproblemofpollution.政府部门正在试图找到解决污染问题的方法。4．Sheis_watching_over_her_sick_childdayandnight.她在日夜照料自己生病的孩子。5．From2013on，myhusbandandIvisitedthecountryeveryotheryear/everytwoyears/everysecondyearuntilmyretirement.从2013年起直到我退休，我和我的丈夫每隔一年都来这个国家。6.ShanghaiDisneylandParkhasbeena_great_attraction_to_touristssinceitwascompleted.上海迪士尼乐园自建成以来一直对游客有很大的吸引力。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Theriveris300kilometresinlength(长度)．2．Researchersinthisfieldhavemadesomeimportantdiscoveries(发现)．3．Hissonisstrongandseemsanenergetic(有活力)boy.4．Theriverthatusedtobeclearisnowbadlypolluted(污染)．5．Studentsshouldbebanned(禁止)fromridingebikesintheschoolyard.6．Heis5centimetres(厘米)tallerthanher.7．Lindahassolittleeducation(教育)thatsheisunabletogetajob.8．Dolphinsarealwaysofgreatintelligence(智力)sothatchildrenliketoplaywiththem.9．Themainbedroom，muchsmallerthanotherrooms,measures(测量)15metreswide.10．BrightColorsareattractive(吸引)tochildren.Ⅱ.单句语法填空n1．Wehappentobeofanage，andweallgoinforAmericanfootball.2．Hemindssomuchabouthispositionintheofficethathewatchesoutforanychancetobepromoted.3．Ithinkoflifeasagoodbook.Thefurther(far)yougetintoit,themoreitbeginstomakesense.4．Weweretoldthatthestonefiguredating(date)backtothe16thcenturywasofgreatvalue.5．—Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?—Becauselargequantitiesofwaterhave_been_polluted(pollute)．6．Itispossibleforhimtocometomorrowmorning.7．WithChristmascoming(come)near,theybegantobebusyshoppingfortheholidays.8．Ilikethisjacketbetterthanthatone,butitcostsalmostthreetimesasmuch.9．Mygrandfatherisasenergetic(energy)asayoungmanandhatessittingarounddoingnothingallday.10．Heworkshardtomakeabetterliving.Ⅲ.选词填空everytwoweeks，ban...from，present...to...，ofgreatvalue，uptodate，takemeasurestodo1．Manyschoolstrytobanstudentsfromusingmobilephones.2．I'dliketopresentallmybookstothelibraryofmyoldschool.3．Thismodelisthenewestandmostup_to_date.4．Thebookhegavemeisof_great_value.5．Itishightimethatweshouldtake_measures_toprotectendangeredanimals.6．Heusedtovisithisparentsevery_two_weeks,_butheistoobusytocallonthemnow.Ⅳ.课文语法填空WelcometoUnderwaterWorld.Youcanwatchthepolarbears,arealiceberg,acrobaticsealsandmeetmore1.friendly_(friend)penguinsinthe“PolarWorld”.2.Ifyougotothe“OceanFloor”，youcanseethemostbeautifulcoralandthemostunusualfish3.thatappearto“fly”throughthewater.Inthe“SeaTheatre”，youcanseeour4.intelligent(intelligence)dolphins.Therearefantasticshowsneverytwo5.hours(hour).Andinthe“DiscoveryPool”，6.younger(young)childrencantouchcrabsandothersmallercreatures.Andonthe“VirtualRealityVoyage”，youcanenjoysomeofthestrangestfishintheworld.Youcanseetheprettiestfishthatusealightontheirbody7.to_attract(attraction)otherfish,thenoisiestfishthatcanproducesoundsalmosttwice8.asloudasyourspeakingvoiceandthetiniestfishthatissmaller9.than_afly.Hereyoucanalsoswimwithdolphinsandfaceanattackbythemost10.dangerous(danger)creatureinthesea—thegreatwhiteshark.Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达去年在我们的家乡建起了一家新工厂。它是旧工厂的三倍大(倍数表达法)。许多人靠在工厂里工作来生活(makealiving)。令我们遗憾的是，来自工厂的黑烟严重的污染(pollute)了空气。在我看来，一方面(ontheonehand)它给我们带来了巨大的利益，另一方面(ontheotherhand)它对环境有不好的影响。总之(altogether)，我们必须找到好的方法(solution)来解决(handle)这一问题。Lastyearanewfactorywassetupinourhometown.Itisthreetimesbiggerthantheoldone.Manypeoplemakealivingbyworkinginthefactory.Toourregret,thedarksmokefromthefactoryhasseriouslypollutedtheair.Inmyopinion,ontheonehanditbringsusgreatprofit.Ontheotherhand,ithasabadeffectontheenvironment.Altogether,wemustfindagoodsolutiontohandletheproblem.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.阅读理解Seatedinaconvertible(敞篷车)withthetopdownat60milesanhour,MarylookedatthefliesthatsatontopofMark'shair.Howcouldtheystaythere?Shewondered.MaryhadnotseenMarkinyears,untiltheotherdaywhenhecameintothecaféwheresheworked.Hisappearancewasdifferentfromwhenhewasinhighschool.Now,hewasabitfatandthickglassescoveredhiseyes.However,thatdidn'tchangeMary'sfeelingsforhimatall.Hehadjustboughtabrandnewredsportscarandaskedherifshewouldliketogoforarideandthenhavedinnerwithhim.Herheartbeatwithexcitementasheopenedthedoorforher.ShenoticedsomethingverystrangeasMarkgotintothecarandstartedtodriveaway.Onthehairwasagroupoffliesjustsittingthere.Marystaredinamazement.Itseemedthefastertheydrove,themoredeterminednthefliesweretosticktohishair.Maryremainedsilent.Sheleanedforwardandturnedtheradioon,totrytodivertherattentionawayfromtheflies,butshecouldn'thelpthinkingaboutthem.ShelookedupatMark,whowascompletelydevotedtowhatwasgoingonandcontinuedtosingtothemusicwhiledrivingmerrilyalong.Finally,Markpulledthevehicleovertothesideoftheroadbesideadinerandlookedinthemirrorandsaid,“Mary,Iwouldliketocombmyhairbeforewegetsomethingtoeat.Couldyoureachundertheseatandgivememyhaircream？”Maryreachedundertheseatandpulledoutacampingbackpack,whichcontainedaroundjarandstartedtolaughwildlyasshepointedtothelabel(商标)．“That'snothaircreamonyourhair,Mark!Itsaysit'sFlyTrapGlue！”语篇解读：本文讲述来了久别重逢的马克和玛丽一起出去吃饭，玛丽发现苍蝇一直黏在马克的头发上，后来才知道马克错把蝇胶当成了头油。1．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．MarkhadboughtanewsportscarforMary.B．Markusedtobeathin，handsomeboy.C．MarkandMaryhadbeeninloveforyears.D．Maryfeltstrangewhenshesawtheredcar.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段可知马克只是比以前胖了一点点。根据下文可知玛丽愿意和他出去吃饭，说明玛丽对他的印象很好。可知以前的马克是一个瘦瘦的帅小伙。故B项正确。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“divert”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Replace.　　　　　　B．Absorb.C．Take.D．Recover.解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据后半句“butshecouldn'thelpthinkingaboutthem”但是她情不自禁地还是想起他头上的那些苍蝇。说明她打开收音机是想把注意力从苍蝇上转移开。所以该词意为“转移(某人的)注意力”。故C项正确。3．WhydidMaryburstintolaughter?A．BecauseMaryplayedatrickonMark.B．Becausetheirridewasn'twellprepared.C．BecauseMarkhadpreparedajarofhaircreamforher.D．BecauseMarkhadmistakenFlyTrapGlueforhaircream.解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“That'snothaircreamonyourhair，Mark！Itsaysit'sFlyTrapnGlue！”可知马克错把蝇胶当成了头油，导致了之前的苍蝇一直留在头发上。这才是玛丽大笑的原因，故D项正确。4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．Stuckonyou.B．Unchangedlove.C．Ahairtrick.D．Awonderfulride.解析：选A　标题归纳题。本文讲述了久别重逢的马克和玛丽一起出去吃饭，玛丽发现苍蝇一直黏在马克的头发上，后来才知道马克错把蝇胶当成了头油。所以A项“Stuckonyou”“粘在你身上”符合文意。Ⅱ.语法填空Humansliketoliveandworkingroups.Languageisthe“cement”(胶合剂)__1__holdsthesegroupstogether.Languageispartofculture.Culture,inthissense,__2__(mean)allthosecustoms,skills,andattitudesthatarepartofthebehaviorofa__3__(particularly)group.Whatyouthink__4__whatyouwantinlifeareallaffectedbythecultureofthegroupinwhichyou__5__(raise).Groupsofpeopleliveindifferentways.Theymayhavedifferentskills,organizations,andartforms.Theirfamilylifemaybecompletelydifferentfromyours.Humanbeingsareinventiveanimals.Theycandecidetochangetheirculturesinordertomeetvarious__6__(situation).Ofalllivingthings,humanbeingsarethe__7__(clever).Theycanchoose__8__(live)inmanyenvironmentsandinawidevarietyofways.Onlyhumanbeingscanchoosewhereandhowtheywanttoliveandthenimprovethephysicalenvironmenttohelp__9__(they)realizethesechoices.Acquiringthewisdomtomakewisechoices__10__(be)thelastingchallengeofbeinghuman.答案：1.that/which　2.means　3.particular　4.and5.areraised　6.situations　7.cleverest/mostclever　8.tolive　9.themselves　10.is