2019年高中英语unit14careerssectionⅱwarm_up 13页

SectionⅡWarm-up&Lesson1—LanguagePoints一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.bonusn．　　　　　　　奖金，红利，额外津贴2.rewardn.奖赏，报酬v.报答，酬谢3.chargevt.收费，要价；控告n.负责；费用，要价4.consultvt.请教，咨询；查阅5.datan.资料，数据6.incomen.收入7.aidn．&v.援助，帮助8.quarrelvi.争吵，吵架Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.chemistn．化学家→chemistryn．化学2.receptionistn．接待员→receivevt.收到→receiptn．收据，收条→receptionn．接待3.insurancen．保险→insurevt.给……保险，为……投保4.guidancen．指导→guidevt.指导，引导5.casualadj.随意的，非正式的→casuallyadv.随意地6.summaryn．摘要，总结→sumv．总结1.rewardn．&v．奖赏；酬劳[比较]　awardn．奖品，奖金vt.授予；给予；奖励2.aidn．&v．援助，帮助[同义]　①helpn．&vt.帮助　②assistvt.帮助；协助③supportn．&vt.支持；帮助3.consultvt.&vi.请教，咨询；查阅；(与人)商量[记法]　图片记忆：4.receptionistn．接待员[记法]　receptionn．接待＋ist(名词后缀)→receptionistn．接待员[联想]　聚焦ist结尾指人的名词①chemist化学家　　　　②typist打字员③artist艺术家④pianist钢琴家⑤psychologist心理学家⑥scientist科学家5.wagen．工资，薪金[同义]　①payn．报酬　②salaryn．薪水二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.berudeto　　　　　　　对……(很)无礼2．haveproblems(in)doingsth.做某事有困难3．makesure确信4．setanexample树立榜样5．takechargeof对……负责；接管，控制6．keepcalm保持镇静7．send...off将……寄出；发出8．runacross跑着穿过；偶然遇到或看到9．sofar迄今为止1.makeatimetable　　　　　　制定一个时间表2．giveaidtothepoor帮助穷人3．chooseacertainjob选择某项工作4．suchascollectingdata例如收集资料5．aletterofapplication一封求职信6．onaschooltrip在一次学校组织的旅游中7．inthenameofJones以琼斯的名义8．takechargeofthesituation控制局势9．performashortplay表演短剧n10．ratherthan与其……倒不如，不是……而是11．spendtime(in)doingsth.花时间做某事12．undertheguidanceof在……指导下13．bestuckin陷入；长住14．consultsb.aboutsth.就某事请教某人15．quarrelwithsb.和某人争吵10．learnone'slines记台词11．justamoment稍等一下12．comeoverhere过来这里13．haveabiglunch吃一顿丰盛的午餐14．givemealifthome让我搭便车回家15．listenratherthanspeak听而不是说16．atouristareaonalake湖边的一个旅游区域三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Afriendishavingproblemswritingaplotsummaryforabookreport.一个朋友在写一个图书报告的内容简介时遇到一些问题。haveproblems(in)doingsth.“做某事有困难”。Ihave_some_problems_talkinginEnglish,althoughIhavelearnedEnglishforalmostoneyear.虽然我已经学了近一年的英语，但是用英语交流还是有些困难。2.Makesuretheyknowwhattodo.确保他们知道自己该做什么。“疑问词＋不定式”结构作know的宾语。Ihaven'tdecidedwhether_to_accepttheinvitationornot.我还没决定是否接受邀请。3.keepyourdesktidyatalltimes一直保持你的桌面整洁“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，本结构中形容词作宾补。Thepolicetriedtokeep_the_major_roads_openduringtheOlympics.警察们设法使主要道路在奥运会期间畅通无阻。1．(教材P21)Theoldladyisofferingarewardof$50toanyonewhofindshercatforher!老妇人拿出50美元当做为她找到猫的人的酬劳！reward(1)n.奖赏，报酬；回报give/offerarewardfor(doing)sth.　　　　为(做)某事而给报酬/奖赏inreward(for)作为(对……的)报答/奖赏①Arewardwasofferedforthereturnofthejewels.n为找回珠宝而悬赏。②Hesendsherabookin_reward_forherhelp.他送她一本书以答谢她的帮助。(2)vt.报答；酬劳；奖赏rewardsb.for(doing)sth.因为(做了)某事而回报某人rewardsb.withsth.奖赏某人某物③Hereceivedamedalinrewardforhisbravery.＝Hewasrewardedwithamedalforhisbravery.他因勇敢而获得了一枚奖章。[辨析比较]　reward,awardreward名词指赏金、酬金或一些非金钱的报酬，多指对某人的工作或服务等的报答动词表示“报答，酬谢”award名词指奖品、奖金，其义与prize近似。指一种官方的奖励行为，往往指对在工作中取得成就或完成所提出要求的人而进行的一种奖励，强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少，还可指某种奖项动词表示“(正式地或官方地)授予，给予；(法庭)判给”选用上述单词填空④(2015·四川高考满分作文)YoumentionedthatyoucouldteachEnglishasareward,_whichisexactlywhatIwant.⑤Aslongasyouworkhard,you'llsurelyberewarded.⑥Hewontheawardforthebeststudentoftheyear.⑦ShehasbeenawardedascholarshiptostudyatHarvard.2．(教材P21)Lawyerschargehigherfeesthandoctors.律师比医生收费高。charge(1)vt.收费，要价；控告；指控；充电chargesb.moneyfor(doing)sth.　　　　　　　　　因(做)某事而收某人钱chargesb.with...指控某人犯……罪①(2014·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)Thirdly,Iwonderhowmuchyouwillchargeusforthesixweekcourse.第三，我想知道六周的课程你会收取我们多少钱。②Thetrafficpolicemanchargedthedriverwithspeedingandfinedhim$50.交警指控那个司机超速驾驶并罚了他50美元。(2)n.[U，C]费用，要价nfreeofcharge＝forfree　　　　　免费③Withtheticket,youmaygetaFrenchfriesfree_of_charge/for_freeinKFC.凭此券你可以在肯德基免费得到一份法式炸薯条。(3)n.[U]掌管，负责；[C，U]指控，控告takechargeof　　　　　　　掌管，负责inchargeof掌管，负责inthechargeofsb.＝inone'scharge由……掌管/负责④I'llbeinchargeofthewholefactorywhenMrBlackisaway.＝Thewholefactorywillbein_the_charge_ofmewhenMrBlackisaway.布莱克先生不在时，由我负责整个工厂。[语境串记]　Themanagerinchargeofthecompanywaschargedwithchargingthecustomer1,000dollarsforchargingthebattery.负责该公司的经理由于向充电的顾客收费1000美元而被控告。3．(教材P22)Youareworkingforaninstitutethatgivesaidtothepoorinasmallvillage.你在一个小村庄里的旨在帮助穷人的机构里工作。aid(1)n.援助，帮助withtheaidof...＝withthehelpof...　　　　借助于……inaidof...为了帮助……come/gotosb.'said前来/去援助某人givesb.firstaid对某人进行急救①Withtheaid/helpofmyEnglishteacher,Ihavemadegreatprogressthisterm.在英语老师的帮助下，这学期我取得了很大进步。②Thecollectionisin_aid_ofthepeoplewholosthomeintheearthquake.本次筹款是为了帮助在地震中失去家园的人们。③Theyallcame_to_my_aidyesterday,whichmademetouched.他们昨天都来帮助我，这让我很感动。④(2014·湖北高考短文写作)Amanimmediatelyrushedtothegirltogive_her_first_aidandIjoinedinwithouthesitation.一个人立即赶来给女孩实施了急救，我也毫不犹豫地加入其中。(2)v.援助，帮助n⑤Theywereaccusedofaidinghimwithhisescape.他们被指控帮助他逃跑。⑥Weshoulddoourbesttoaidthedisabledto_live(live)abetterlife.我们应尽最大努力帮助残疾人过更好的生活。4．(教材P23)HeshouldconsultMrJensenaboutthenewaccountonthe24th.关于24日的新账目他应该请教延森先生。consultvt.&vi.请教；查阅；(与人)商量；咨询consultadictionary　　　　　查词典consultsb.about...向某人请教/咨询……consultwithsb.about/on...与某人商量……①(2015·天津高考单选)Ifyouhaveanydoubtsaboutyourhealth,you'dbetterconsult_your_doctoratonce.如果你对自己的健康有任何的疑问，最好马上咨询你的医生。②HeoftengoestomyofficetoconsultmeaboutthemethodoflearningEnglish.他经常去我的办公室向我咨询关于学习英语的方法。③Sheconsultedwithherparentsaboutthewaytodothematter.她同父母商量了做这件事的方法。[语境串记]　Thestudentsareconsultingtheirteacherabouthowtoconsultadictionary.学生们在请教老师如何查阅词典。[名师点津]　“查词典”还可以表达为：①refertoadictionary　②lookupawordinadictionary5．(教材P23)listenratherthanspeak—learnasmuchaspossibleaboutyourjobandthecompany听而不是说——尽可能多地了解你的工作和公司ratherthan而不是(1)ratherthan用于连接平行结构，可连接两个并列的形容词、名词、代词、状语、动词不定式、动词ing形式等。①(2015·广东高考)Finallytheywillbecomeactivelearnersratherthanpassiveones.最后他们将会成为主动学习者，而不是被动学习者。②I,rather_than_you,_shoulddothework.该做这项工作的是我，而不是你。[名师点津]　ratherthan连接两个并列的成分作主语时，谓语动词的数与ratherthan前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致。n③Theysaidthedirector,ratherthantheclerks,was(be)responsiblefortheincident.他们说不是职员，而是主管要为这次事件负责。(2)ratherthan构成的常见句型如下：④Shepreferredto_go(go)withusratherthanstaybehindalone.＝Shewould_rathergowithusthanstaybehindalone.＝Shewouldgowithusrather_thanstaybehindalone.她更喜欢和我们一起去而不愿独自留下。6．(教材P23)don'tquarrelwithanyone不要和任何人争吵quarrelvi.&n．争吵，吵架①Sheisgoodnaturedandhasneverhadaquarrelwithherbrotherabout/overmoney.她很和善，从未和弟弟因为钱而吵过架。②Theyquarrelledwitheachotherabout/overmoney.他们两个因为钱争吵起来了。[名师点津]　haveaquarrelwithsb.＝havewordswithsb.“与某人争吵”≠haveawordwithsb.“与某人交谈”。1.Afriendishavingproblemswritingaplotsummaryforabookreport.一个朋友在写一个图书报告的内容简介时遇到一些问题。haveproblems/aproblem(in)doingsth.“在做某事时遇到问题(麻烦)”，该句型中的in可省略。①Sometimeshehasaproblem/problems(in)gettingalongwiththestrangers.有时他与陌生人相处有困难。havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.　　　　做某事时遇到困难havefun(in)doingsth.有兴趣做某事haveagood/hardtime(in)doingsth.做某事时过得快乐/艰难②Ihavesomedifficulty/trouble(in)understanding(understand)thisgrammarpoint.我理解这个语法点有些困难。n③Jackhadfun(in)spendingthewholeeveningplayingcards.杰克整晚都在打扑克牌，玩得很开心。[名师点津]　problem为可数名词，故在此结构中应用problems或aproblem；而difficulty/trouble在此结构中常用作不可数名词，故用原形。2．Makesuretheyknowwhattodo.确保他们知道自己该做什么。(1)“疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语或双重宾语等成分。(2)疑问词的选择可依据此疑问词在句中充当的成分而定。疑问代词what,who,whom,which,whose等一般充当句子的主语、宾语或定语；疑问副词when,where,how等一般充当句子的状语。①Howtoovercomethepresentdifficultiesmadehimanxious.(作主语)如何克服当前的困难使他很担心。②Ireallydon'tknowwhat_to_say.Iamnotfamiliarwiththecandidates.(作宾语)我确实不知道该说什么。我对竞选者不熟悉。③Myquestioniswhere_to_find_the_answer.(作表语)我的问题是在哪里能找到答案。④Shehadnoideawhichbooktoreadfirst.(作同位语)她不知道先读哪一本书。[名师点津]　在“what＋不定式”结构中，不定式中的动词为及物动词，与疑问词what有动宾关系，但不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Shequarrelledwithhersisterovertheirfather'swill.2．Shewas_aided(aid)inlookingafterthechildrenbyherniecewhenshewenttowork.3．Theyrewardedtheboywith￡5forbringingbackthelostdog.4．Thereisaheateddiscussiononwhethermuseumsshouldchargeforadmissionornot.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Itisthetestsystem,rather_than_the_teachers(而不是老师们),thatistoblamefortheheavyburdenofmiddleschoolstudentsnowadays.n2．Ihaveahardtimelearning_new_languages(学习新的语言)．3．When_and_where_to_have_the_meeting(何时何地开会)hasn'tbeendecidedyet.4．I'mnotquitesurehowtogetthere—I'dbetterconsult/refer_to_a_map(查一下地图)．一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Thenreadtosomeoneelsetoseeiftheycanfindanyerrors(错误)．2．Thisisasummary(总结)ofallourworkoverthelasttwomonths.3．Thehuntforherkillerwillcontinue,withpoliceaided(帮助)bythearmyandairforce.4．Itwasverysadwhenhusbandsandwivesquarrelled(吵架)witheachother.5．Thehotelcharged(收费)me$100foraroomforthenight.6．Itiswidelyacceptedthatyoungbabieslearntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadtorewards(奖赏)．7．Ihaveconsulted(查阅)anumberoflawbooksinourschoollibrary.8．Asarequirement,Ihavetochargethemonthlyfees(费用)tomycreditcard.9．Heneedsahighincome(收入)tosupportsuchalargefamily.10．Undertheprofessor'sguidance(指导),hegotthedegreeofBachelorofArts.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．ItisyouratherthanTomthatare(be)toblame.2．Ioftenconsulthimaboutmyresearchwork.3．Theclub'sdirectorrewardedhimwithafreeseasonticket.4．Withtheaidofacompass,thetravelercanfindhislocation.5．Howmuchdoyouchargeformendingapairofshoes?6．Ihavenoideahowto_solve(solve)theproblem.7．Wewere_stuck(stick)inatrafficjamforanhour,soI'mlatenow.8．Ihavesomeproblemsmaking(make)outhishandwriting.Ⅲ.选词填空nratherthan，takechargeof，makesure，consult...about...，setanexample，runacross，haveproblemsin，keepcalm1．Myfather'sdevotiontohisworksets_an_exampleforeveryoneinhiscompany.2．ItissaidthatJacktakes_charge_ofthefarmnow,whichisthebiggestoneinthiscountry.3．Childrenprefertostayathomerather_thangooutwithyou.4．Davidhad_problems_inlookingafterhimselfbecausehegothishandhurt.5．Make_surethatyousaveyourfileafteryou'vefinishedyourkeyingin.6．Whateverhappens,themostimportantthingistokeep_calm.7．Whenyouwalkthroughtheforest,youmayrun_acrosssnakes.8．Everybodylikestoconsulthimabouttheirproblems,largeorsmall.Ⅳ.串点成篇微表达我在学习英语语法方面有困难(haveproblemsdoingsth.)。因此，我经常咨询(consult)我们的英语老师这个问题。他说他能掌控(takechargeof)这种情况。在他的指导下(undertheguidanceof)，我每天用大约半小时来学习它(spendtimedoingsth.)。一天，我偶然遇到(runacross)了一位朋友并告诉了她我的事情。她说是我们做的而不是(ratherthan)说的有意义。我确信(makesure)我很快就能在这方面取得大的进步。I_have_problems_learning_English_grammar._So_I_often_consult_our_English_teacher_about_it._He_said_he_had_the_ability_to_take_charge_of_the_situation._Under_the_guidance_of_him,_I_spend_about_half_an_hour_every_day_learning_it._One_day,_I_ran_across_one_of_my_friends_and_told_her_my_thing._She_said_it_was_what_we_did_rather_than_what_we_said_that_made_sense._I_make_sure_I_can_make_great_progress_in_it_soon.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空LastDecember,MichaelFulmercamethroughthedoorofhishomeinGuthrie,Oklahoma.“Guesswhat！”he__1__announcedtohiswifeKelsey.Itwastheendofabusyyearinwhichthe23yearoldhad__2__nearlyafullseasoninthemajors(棒球大联盟)fortheDetroitTigersand__3__theRookie(新人)oftheYearaward,soshewaitedto__4__whatwasmakinghimsohappy.“Ifixedashowertodaybymyself，”Fulmersaid.“Thatwasprobablya10，”Kelseysaid,judgingherhusband'slevelof__5__.TheRookieoftheYearannouncement?“Aseven，”shesaid.nWhenhefirst__6__tofillinforafriendbyworkingforCyrusWrightPlumbinginthefallof2014,Fulmersawanopportunitytokeep__7__inthewinter.Thejobwouldalsohelpout__8__，sincehisminorleague(小职业球队联盟)salarywas__9__.AnditwouldgiveFulmera(n)__10__kindofworkout—repairingwaterpipes,forexample.Onhisfirstday,hethought,“WhathaveIgottenmyself__11__？Andwhat'sthatsmell？”Butthemorehespent__12__，themoreinterestedhebecame.Theyoungmanwhooncehadtohave__13__describedtohimbytheirlocationinthetruck__14__hedidn'tknowtheirnameswasnow__15__aboutwhatwouldbeneededforagivenjob.Sohekept__16__duringtheoffseason,__17__ashisbaseballsalaryincreased.FromOctoberuntilearlyJanuary,whenhebeginshispreseasonthrowingprogram,Fulmer__18__intohisblackFordpickupat7：15a．m.threedaysaweekand__19__the30minutetrip.HegoestoYukon,Oklahoma,whereheandhisboss,LarryWright,__20__eightto10hoursfixingleaksanddoingotherrelatedjobs.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。棒球运动员MichaelFulmer休赛期间兼职做水管修理工，并从中找到快乐。1．A.sadly　　　　　　　　B．proudlyC．patientlyD．nervously解析：选B　由下文中的“‘Ifixedashowertodaybymyself，’Fulmersaid.”可知，Fulmer骄傲地(proudly)对妻子说自己当天的工作成果。2．A.restedB．playedC．practicedD．tried解析：选B　由上文中的“theendofabusyyear”和下文中的“theRookieoftheYearaward”可知，Fulmer几乎打(played)了一个赛季的比赛。3．A.declaredB．rememberedC．wonD．expected解析：选C　由下文中的“TheRookieoftheYearannouncement?‘Aseven，’shesaid.”可知，Fulmer赢得了(won)年度新人奖。4．A.recognizeB．proveC．seeD．explain解析：选C　由下文Fulmer所说的“Ifixedashowertoday”可知，妻子想看看(see)究竟是什么事情让这个棒球大联盟的年度新人奖获得者如此开心。5．A.curiosityB．intelligenceC．abilityD．excitementn解析：选D　由上文的“‘Ifixedashowertodaybymyself，’Fulmersaid.”可知，丈夫很兴奋(excitement)。6．A.failedB．hesitatedC．hopedD．agreed解析：选D　由下文中的“tofillinforafriend”可知，朋友不能上班，Fulmer同意(agreed)来替班。7．A.comfortableB．energeticC．busyD．calm解析：选C　冬季没有比赛，做些修理工作是个让Fulmer保持忙碌(busy)的机会。8．A.financiallyB．immediatelyC．repeatedlyD．equally解析：选A　由“Thejobwouldalsohelpout”可知，Fulmer的工资低(low)，干修理工作经济上(financially)也是补贴。9．A.lowB．highC．enoughD．reasonable解析：选A　参见上解析。10．A.strangeB．differentC．easyD．funny解析：选B　Fulmer作为运动员要锻炼，现在做修理工作是一种不同(different)形式的锻炼。11．A.intoB．outC．fromD．off解析：选A　由“what'sthatsmell”可知，Fulmer抱怨自己所做的事情。getintosth.意为“从事某项事情”。12．A.holdingonB．showingupC．lookingaroundD．helpingout解析：选D　Fulmer越帮忙(helpingout)，兴趣越浓厚。13．A.goalsB．toolsC．reasonsD．concerns解析：选B　过去Fulmer需要别人给他描述工具(tools)在卡车上的具体位置，因为(because)他不知道这些工具的名字。现在他已经很清楚(clear)做什么工作需要什么工具。14．A.thoughB．ifC．becauseD．so解析：选C　参见上题解析。15．A.clearB．worriednC．particularD．scared解析：选A　参见13题解析。16．A.dressingupB．showingoffC．goingawayD．comingback解析：选D　即使(even)薪酬提高了，Fulmer休赛期仍然回来(comingback)做修理工作。17．A.justB．yetC．everD．even解析：选D　参见上题解析。18．A.climbsB．looksC．fallsD．marches解析：选A　一周三天早上Fulmer要爬(climbs)进皮卡车，完成(makes)30分钟的车程。19．A.plansB．makesC．organizesD．prepares解析：选B　参见上题解析。20．A.learnB．campC．workD．think解析：选C　由下文中的“fixingleaksanddoingotherrelatedjobs”可知，Fulmer工作(work)8到10个小时。Ⅱ.短文改错DearJackie，Theschoolholidaysaredrawingtonear.IfeelveryexcitingatthethoughtthatIamgoingtovisitAmericaintheholidays.It'sthefirsttimeformetotravelabroadonmyown,soIneedyourhelping.I'dliketovisitsomeareasofscenicbeauty,suchformountains,riversorforests,whichIcouldenjoythebeautyofnature.Couldyousuggestseveralplaceformetovisit?Beside,IprefertoliveinahotelandIhopedthetrafficisn'ttooheavy.Perhapsyoucouldhelpmebookhotel.I'mexpectingtohearfromyou,andI'mlookingforwardtomeetyouinAmerica.Yours，ZhangNan答案：第一句：去掉to第二句：exciting→excited第三句：helping→help第四句：for→as;which→where第五句：place→placesn第六句：Beside→Besides;hoped→hope第七句：hotel前加a第八句：meet→meeting