（全国版）高考英语unit1talesoftheunexplained学案（含解析）牛津译林版 25页

Unit1Talesoftheunexplained(一)课前自主学习Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意1．creaturen．　　　　　　　　动物；(具备某种特征的)人2．flashn．&vi.闪光，闪耀3．detectiven.侦探4．ancestorn.祖先，祖宗5．enthusiasticadj.热情的；热烈的；满腔热忱的6．appropriateadj.适当的7．blankn.(文件等)空白处，空格adj.空白的；无表情的8．tournamentn.联赛，锦标赛9．mysteryn.神秘的事或人Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形1．dueadj.由于，因为；预期的；适当的2．disappearvi.消失；失踪3．witnessn.目击者，证人vt.目击，见证4．assumevt.假定；认为5．occurvi.[纵联1]发生6．aboardadv.&prep.在(轮船、飞机、火车等)上；上(轮船、飞机、火车等)7．casen.案件；具体情况，实例8．evidencen.证据9．dismissvt.[纵联2]不予考虑；解雇；解散10．basen.基地，大本营；底部；基础vt.以……为基础11．humourn.幽默12．discountn.折扣13．awardn.奖，奖品，奖金vt.授予，奖励n14._attackvt.&vi.&n.攻击；进攻15．reserven.vt.[纵联3](动植物)保护区；储备预订；保留；储备16．belongvi.应在(某处)；适应17．linkvt.&n.联系，关联18．incidentn．[纵联4]发生的事情(尤指不寻常的或讨厌的)Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变1．constructionn．施工；建筑物→constructvt.建造2．amazingadj.令人惊奇(惊叹)的→amazedadj.吃惊的，感到惊奇的→amazevt.使惊异/惊奇→amazementn．惊异，惊奇3．puzzledadj.困惑的，茫然的→puzzlevt.使困惑；使为难→puzzlingadj.令人困惑的4．possibilityn．可能性→possibleadj.可能的→possiblyadv.可能地5．injuryn．伤害→injurev．伤害→injuredadj.受伤的6．existvi.存在→existencen．存在7．organizevt.组织，筹备；安排，处理→organizationn．组织；安排→organizern．组织者8．strengthn．力量，力气→strengthenvt.加强，巩固→strongadj.强壮的，有力的9．convincevt.使确信，使相信→convincingadj.令人信服的→convincedadj.确信的，感到信服的10．survivevi.&vt.生存；挺过(难关)→survivaln．幸存，生存→survivorn．幸存者纵联1.“发生”变化多①occur发生，想起②happen偶然发生③takeplace发生，举行④comeabout(已经)发生⑤breakout发生，爆发纵联2.一词“丢饭碗”①fire开除，解雇②dismiss解雇；解散③discharge解雇，免除④remove开除，去除纵联3.学会“保留/存”n①remain保留②reserve保留③preserve保存④conserve保存纵联4.“事”多扰人！①incident事件②matter事件，问题③business生意，事情④affair事务，私事⑤issue问题，事情⑥event事件，大事⑦sportsevent体育赛事单元话题——难解之谜子话题1　自然奥秘①awesomeadj.使人敬畏的；令人畏惧的②suckv．吮吸③fleev．逃避；逃跑；逃离④powerfuladj.强有力的⑤spiritn．精神⑥tailn．尾巴⑦wildadj.野生的⑧furn．毛皮⑨thickadj.浓密的⑩trackn．踪迹，足迹⑪phenomenonn．现象，事件⑫incredibleadj.不可思议的⑬existencen．存在⑭reflectv．反映；反射子话题2　科学探索①explorevt.探测；探险；考察；探究②discoveryv.发现；发觉③technologyn.技术；工艺④rewardingadj.有益的，值得的；有报酬的⑤materialn．材料，原料adj.物质的⑥formv.形成，构成⑦originn.起源⑧unbelievableadj.难以置信的⑨conceptn.观念，概念；观点；思想，设想⑩emergevi.出现，浮现[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用1．(2015·湖北高考阅读A)Threeweeksago,Iwitnessed❶asmallneardisasterafewmileswestofhere.Whilewalking,Inoticedaponyrolloveronhisback.n“Hello！”Isaidtohim,assuming❷hewasjustrollingforfun,buthewasverystilland,asIgotcloser,Isawhimkickinghislegsintheairandbreathingheavily.Ibegantoproperly❸worryabouthim.Fortunately,ImanagedtogetintouchwithaDartmoor'sLivestockProtectionofficerandsendheraphoto.Theofficerimmediatelysentalocalfarmerouttocheckonthepony.Theponyhadactuallybeentrappedbetweentworocks.Thefarmerfreedhim,andhebegantorunhappilyaroundagain.①加黑词在此处意为：目击；用作可数名词时，意思是：目击者②assuming在此引导条件状语从句，意为：假如，如果，其后省略了that。类似用法和意思的还有：supposing,suppose,providing,provided,given等。③加黑词的形容词形式是：proper，在本单元的近义词是：appropriate2．(2013·广东高考阅读A)ThenextdayTomappeared❶asthepowerfulSuperman,showingoffthroughthehospitalhallsandcoollywavinghishandtothepeoplegreetinghimalongtheway.AndTom,withthe__❷__(strong)ofhisfantasy,successfullymadeitthroughtheoperation.Thepowerofimaginationneednotbereserved❸forchildrenonly.Weallhavethepowertouseourfantasiestoattemptthingsweneverthoughtpossible❹，togothroughthosethingsthatseemimpossible,andtoachievewhatweneverbelievedwecould.①加黑词在本单元的反义词是：disappear；加黑词的名词形式是：appearance②用所给词的适当形式填空：strength③加黑词在此处意为：保留，预订；它作名词时的意思是：(动植物)保护区；储备④写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：possibility高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1．(2016·江苏高考书面表达)第三，在很多情况下，组织者可能会利用选民，甚至竞争对手来谋取商业利益。(case,organizer)Thirdly,_the_voters_or_even_the_competitors_in_many_cases_will_be_possibly_taken_advantage_of_by_the_organizers_for_commercial_interests.2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)其次，根据中国的传统文化，带一些礼物被认为是合适的。(assume,appropriate,base)Secondly,_bringing_some_gifts_is_assumed_to_be_appropriate_based_on_Chinese_traditional_culture.n(二)课堂重点释疑1．puzzledadj.困惑的，茫然的[记牢](1)bepuzzledabout　　　　　对……感到困惑bepuzzled＋疑问词＋todo对做……感到困惑(2)puzzlevt.使……困惑/迷惑n.难题；谜puzzleabout/oversth.冥思苦想beapuzzletosb.对某人来说是个谜(3)puzzlingadj.使人困惑的，令人不解的[练通]用puzzle的适当形式完成小片段①Ellawasreadingapoemwithapuzzledexpressiononherface.Itsdeepermeaningremainedapuzzletoher.WhenIaskedwhatshethoughtofthepoem,shesaiditwasindeedpuzzling.完成句子②Peoplehave_long_puzzled_overhowtheEgyptiansmovedsuchhugerocks.人们一直对埃及人如何移动如此巨大的岩石感到困惑。③Elizabethraisedsomequestionstoexpress_her_puzzle_about_grammar.伊丽莎白提出了一些问题表达了自己对语法的困惑。④Somepeopleare_puzzled_aboutthefactthatheisstillsingle.一些人对他仍然单身感到困惑。[用准]　puzzled,confused,frightened,excited,surprised等状态类过去分词就是形容词，用来修饰说明人时，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look,voice,smile,expression,face等。[写美]⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)然而，让我困惑的是你为什么要选择来北京接受大学教育。难道你的家乡伦敦不好吗？However,_what_still_makes_me_puzzled_is_why_you_choose_Beijing_for_your_university_education.Isn't_your_hometown_London_good?2．witnessn．[C]目击者，证人vt.目击，见证[记牢](1)awitnesstosth.　　　　某事的证人/证明givewitnesstosth.为……作证；证明n(2)witnessto(doing)sth.证明(做)某事witnessfor为……作证[练通]单句语法填空①Whatthepolicedidfirstwastointerviewallthewitnesses(witness)totheknifeattack.②Hisgoodhealthisawitnesstothesuccessofthetreatment.③Luckily,severalpeoplevolunteertowitnessformyfather.④Marywitnessedtohaving_seen(see)themannearthesceneofthecrime.单句改错⑤Manyofhisformerfriendsgavewitnessforhisinnocence.for→to[用准]　see,witness,find等一些动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。这是一种拟人修辞法。[写美]⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)过去的十年，已经见证了校长们付出的努力以及在发展体育事业方面取得的成就。The_past_ten_years_has_witnessed_the_efforts_of_our_headmasters_and_their_achievements_of_developing_sports_business.3．assumevt.假定；认为[记牢](1)assumesb./sth.tobe　　　假定/假设某人/某事为Itisassumedthat...人们认为……(2)assumptionn.假定；假设makeanassumption认为；假定ontheassumptionthat...假定……；在假定……的情况下(3)assuming(that)...假设/假定……[练通]单句语法填空①Idon'tthinkthere'senoughinformationtomakeanassumption(assume)．Wejustdon'tknowwhathappenedtoher.②Wemustassumehimto_be(be)innocentuntilheisprovedguilty.③Itisassumedthatwomenarenormallymoresensitivethanmen.单句改错④Weareworkingwiththeassumptionthateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.withn→on⑤Assumedthatwecan'tgetthenecessaryequipment,wewillhavetogiveuptheexperiment.Assumed→Assuming[写美]⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)假如你对它感兴趣，请把邮件发至123456@sina.com.。Assumingyouareinterestedinit,pleasesendtheemailto123456@sina.com.[联想]　表示“假设，如果”的表达法有：if＝4．occurvi.发生；想到；出现[记牢]sth.occur(s)tosb.　　　　　　　某人突然想起某事Itoccurstosb.that...某人突然想起……Itoccurstosb.todosth.某人想到要做某事[练通]　完成句子①Suddenlya_good_idea_occurred_to_her,_butshedidn'tknowhowtospeakitout.她突然想到了一个好主意，但是她不知道如何说出来。②Itneveroccurred_to_me_thatyoucouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.我从没有想到你能成功地说服他改变主意。③Itneveroccurred_to_her_to_askanyoneforhelpwhenshewasintrouble.当她遇到困难时从未想过求助别人。[用准]　“(某人)突然想到(起)……”可以表达为：Ithits/hitsb.that...Itoccurs/occurredtosb.that...Itstrikes/strucksb.that...[写美]④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)此外，我突然想起我应该告诉你，你需避免因咀嚼而发出声音。Besides,_it_occurred_to_me_that_I_should_tell_you_that_you_need_to_avoid_making_noise_while_chewing_food.5．existvi.存在；生存[记牢](1)existin　　　　　　存在于existon靠……生存nThereexist(s)...有……(2)existencen.存在comeintoexistence成立；开始存在[练通]单句语法填空①Nooneknowswhensuchacustomfirstcameintoexistence(exist)．②Somestrangeideasexistedinhismind.单句改错③Themanexistedinbreadandwaterforoverfivemonths.in→on④Thereisexistingagoodwaytosolvetheexistingproblematpresent.is_existing→exists[用准]　exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。[写美]⑤(2014·北京高考书面表达)在我们学校，自行车的存放有一个问题。There_existed_a_problem_with_the_parking_place_for_bikes_in_our_school.6．awardn．奖，奖品，奖金vt.授予，奖励[记牢](1)awardsb.forsth.　　　　　因为某事而奖励某人awardsb.sth.＝awardsth.tosb.给予/授予/判给某人某物beawarded...for...因……而被奖励……(2)winawards/receiveone'sawards　获奖/接受颁奖[练通]　完成句子/一句多译①在她的职业生涯中，玛丽赢得了许多奖项。Inhercareer,Marywon_many_awards.②那位老科学家因对国家的贡献而被奖励。Theoldscientistwas_awarded_for_his_contributionstohiscountry.因为做好事，主席给她颁发了金牌。③Thechairmanawarded_her_the_gold_medalforhergooddeeds.④Thechairmanawarded_the_gold_medal_to_herforhergooddeeds.[写美]⑤(2018·天津高考书面表达)了解到你在机器人竞赛中赢得了很多奖项，而且你是训练机器人踢足球的专家，我相信你的参与会让我们受益良多。Learning_that_you_have_won_many_awards_in_robotics_competition_and_you're_nan_expert_in_training_robots_to_play_football,_I_believe_your_participation_will_benefit_us_a_lot.7．strengthn．[U]力量，力气；[C]长处，优势[记牢](1)strengthsandweaknesses　　　　　优势和劣势buildupone'sstrength增强体质havethestrengthtodosth.有做某事的力气withallone'sstrength竭尽全力(2)strengthenv.加强；增强；巩固[练通]单句语法填空①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisestostrengthen(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.②EverymorningI'mworkingouttobuildupmystrength(strong)．完成句子③Thepatientwastooweakto_have_the_strength_to_stand_up(有站起来的力量)．④Tobeattheotherteams,youhavetoknowtheirstrengths_and_weaknesses(优势和劣势)．[写美]⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)至于我，我非常迷恋篮球，因为它一直给我力量面对生活中的挑战。As_for_me,_I'm_crazy_about_basketball_since_it_has_been_giving_me_strength_to_confront_the_challenge_in_my_life.8．convincevt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说[记牢](1)convincesb.ofsth.　　　　使某人相信某事convincesb.todosth.说服某人做某事convincesb.that...使某人相信……(2)convincedadj.确信的，深信的beconvincedof...确信……；相信……beconvincedthat...确信……(3)convincingadj.令人信服的；有说服力的[练通]n单句语法填空①Convinced(convince)oftheaccuracyofthedata,theystucktotheiropinion.②Youneedtoconvincetheinterviewersofyourabilitytodothejobwell.③Ittookmemanyhourstoconvincethepoorboyto_go(go)toschoolagain.④Thepictureconvincesmethatitisevenmoreimportanttobeagooddaughterthanagoodstudent.单句改错⑤I'mafraidthatIcan'tacceptyourargument,foryouhaven'tofferedenoughconvincedevidence.convinced→convincing[写美]⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我代表我们学生会希望你们都能来，而且我确信你们通过这部影片将会更好地了解学校的历史。I,_on_behalf_of_the_Students'_Union,_expect_all_of_you_to_come_and_I_am_convinced_that_you_will_know_the_school's_history_better_by_the_film.9．survivevi.生存；幸免；幸存；生还vt.比……活得长；幸免于；挺过(难关)[记牢](1)survivesth.　　　　　幸免于；从……中挺/活过来survivefrom从……存活下来；流传下来AsurviveB(by...)A比B活得长(几年)(2)survivorn.幸存者survivaln.[U]幸存；[C]残存物[练通]单句语法填空①Peoplewhosurvivedfromearthquakewillremembertheirterribleexperiencesforever.②Survivors(survive)oftheaccidentwererushedtothenearesthospitalinnotime.③(2017·江苏高考)Determiningwhereweareinrelationtooursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival(survive)．翻译句子④据说这位女士比她的丈夫多活了10年。It's_said_that_the_woman_survived_her_husband_by_10_years.⑤大多数人没有幸免于此，是我的队友救了我。nMost_people_didn't_survive_this_and_it_is_my_teammate_who_saved_my_life.[写美]⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)剪纸的传统，特别是在春节期间，在中国已经流传了数千年。The_tradition_of_papercutting,_especially_during_Spring_Festival,_has_survived_in_China_for_thousands_of_years.[词汇过关综合训练]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Shewonanaward(奖，奖品)forheroutstandingperformance.2．IcannotgetthebookIwantbutcanIreserve(预订)it?3．Ijustassumed(认为)thatthewomanstandingnexttoJackwashiswife,butlaterIknewImadeamistake.4．Justdismiss(不予考虑)thosethoughtsfromyourmind—they'recrazyandnotworththinkingabout.5．Organize(组织)alltheinformationyouhavegatheredaccordingtoyouroutline.6．Ifheadachesonlyoccur(发生)atnight,lackoffreshairandoxygenisoftenthecause.7．SomeonepressedaswitchandallthelightsontheChristmastreeflashed(闪耀)ontogether.8．It'sfortunatethatallofthefamilysurvived(幸存)theterribleearthquake.9．YouhavemisunderstoodMark—heisnotlaughingatyou;itisAmericanhumour(幽默)．10．Policehaveappealedforanyonewhowitnessed(目击)theaccidenttocontactthem.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．NotoncediditoccurtoMichaelthathecouldonedaybecomeatopstudentinhisclass.2．Italy,whichhasamuchweakertraditionofimmigration,has_witnessed(witness)asharpincreaseinimmigrationinrecentyears.3．David'sstrength(strong)isthathewon'tgiveupwhateverdifficultyhemeetswith.4．Thebridgedesignedbythefamousarchitectisunderconstruction(construct)nnow.5．Thedriverofthetrucksufferedonlyminorinjuries(injure)tohislegsandarms.6．Theforecastsaidthatthere'sapossibility(possible)ofsnowtonight.7．Einstein'scolleaguesconvincedhimto_write(write)toPresidentFranklinaboutbuildinganuclearweapon.8．Letusassumethetheoryto_be(be)true.9．Thevalueandimpactofmotivationgoesbeyondoursocialcircleandexistence(exist)．10．TheteacherawardedTomforhisgoodbehavior.Ⅲ.单句改错1．Assumedthatyouareright,we'llmakeagreatdealofmoneyfromtheproject.Assumed→Assuming2．Shehadapuzzlinglookonherfacewhenshecouldn'tworkoutthemathsproblem.puzzling→puzzled3．Theexercisesaredesignedtostrengthyourstomachmuscles.strength→strengthen4．Thatoccurredtoherthatshemightadoptahomelesschild.第一个That→It5．Thereisconvincedevidencethatsmokingcauseslungcancer.convinced→convincing6．Hediedin1940,buthiswifesurvivedhimforanother20years.for→by7．Thewomanawarded＄100withtheboyforsavingherson.with→to8．Thehugeattendancefiguresfortheexhibitionwitnessonahealthyinterestinmodernart.on→toⅣ.同义句改写/句式升级1．Janeisoneofthewitnessestothetrafficaccident.→Janeisoneofthepeoplewhowitnessthetrafficaccident.2．Wefinallyconvincedthatwewerehonestandtheydecidedtocooperatewithus.→Wefinallyconvincedthemofourhonestyandtheydecidedtocooperatewithus.3．IthitmethatIhadmethimsomewhere.→ItoccurredtomethatIhadmethimsomewhere.4．Peopleassumethatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.(用it作形式主语改写)n→It_is_assumed_that_stress_is_caused_by_too_much_work.5．Hewasawardedthefirstprizeandfeltveryproud.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)→Awarded_the_first_prize,_he_felt_very_proud.(一)课前自主学习1．step_up　　　　　　　　加紧，加强，促进2．due_to[串记1]由于，因为3．show_up出现，现身4．take_charge_of负责，掌管5．make_up编造，杜撰；构成；弥补6．look_into调查；朝……里看7．dozens_of[串记2]许多，很多8．belong_to属于，是……的成员9．make_one's_way_to前往，到……去10．carry_out实施；完成；执行11．run_into[串记3]偶遇，无意中碰见12．leave_out[串记4]遗漏；省去；不考虑13．believe_in信任14．be_based_on以……为基础15．pick_up拾起；(偶然)学会；接收；用车接16．so_far迄今为止17．in_return作为回报，作为报答[同根短语串记]串记1.“因为/由于”借口多①dueto　　　　　　　　　②thanksto③owingto④asaresultof...⑤becauseof⑥onaccountof⑦inconsequenceof...⑧asaconsequenceof...串记2.“许多，大量”站站队①dozensof②plentyofn③lots/amounts/quantitiesof④alarge/hugenumberof⑤agreatdealof⑥anenormousamountof串记3.狂背有run短语①runacross偶然碰见②runinto偶然遇见；撞上③runafter追赶；追求④runout被用完，用光⑤runoutof用完，用尽⑥runfor竞选串记4.leave短语集锦①leavebehind遗留，留下②leaveout省去；遗漏③leavefor...动身到……④leave...alone不管……⑤leaveover留下；剩下1．receivegreatinterest　　　　　　引起了极大的兴趣2．putonhisfavouriteCD放他最喜欢的CD3．aflashoflight一道闪光4．workonhisroadconstruction忙于道路建设5．takechargeofthecase负责此案6．nostrongevidenceforitsexistence没有它存在的有力证据7．belinkedtoacommonancestor与一个共同的祖先有关1．Witnessesalsosaytheysaw_Justin_walkingtowardshishouseat10.45p．m.目击者也说，当晚10点45分他们看到贾斯廷往自己家的方向走去。2．Standing_inside_were_lotsofstrangecreatureswithwhiteskinandlargeblackeyes.(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。3．Thoughhehasnevermetanyaliens,hebelievestheydo_exist.虽然他从没见过外星人，但他相信他们确实存在。4．The_Yeti_is_said_to_bealarge,hairyanimalthatwalksontwofeetlikeahumanbeing.据说，野人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用双脚行走。[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块和句式1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseof(due_to)theirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlenmoreprotein(蛋白质),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein)．(用本单元短语替换加黑短语)2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)I'mnotsurewhoismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappears(shows_up)outofnowhere.(用本单元短语升级加黑词汇)3．(2011·天津高考阅读A)Dinnersusuallyconsistof(are_made_up_of)meatorfishwithvegetablesfollowedbydessert,fruitandcoffee.(用本单元短语替换加黑短语)4．(2015·重庆高考阅读C)ThelatemusicianDennisBrainissaidtohaveaskedafellowtrainpassengertoturnoffhisradio.(用“Itissaidthat”升级该句子)→It_is_said_that_the_late_musician_Dennis_Brain_has_asked_a_fellow_train_passenger_to_turn_off_his_radio.高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(根据提示翻译句子)1．(2018·北京高考书面表达)一旦你确定了来北京的时间，一定要让我们提前知道。(强调谓语动词)Once_you_fix_on_when_to_come_to_Beijing,_do_let_us_know_ahead_of_time.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)据说一些世界著名的队员将被邀请来给(我们)上课。(besaidtodo...)Some_famous_players_from_the_world_are_said_to_be_invited_to_give_lessons.3．(2016·北京高考书面表达)许多老人和孩子正站在街道两旁。(完全倒装)Standing_on_both_sides_of_the_street_are_many_old_people_and_children.(二)课堂重点释疑[短语集释]1．showup出现，现身；露面[记牢]showsb.around/round　　　　领某人参观showsb.in/out领某人进来/出去showoff炫耀，卖弄onshow展览，陈列[练通]　完成句子①Sometimesveryoldthingsshow_upinordinaryplaces.有时候，非常古老的东西会出现在平常的地方。n②Thebossis_showing_us_around/roundhisfactory.老板正领着我们参观他的工厂。③Takingphotosoffoodenablespeopletoshow_offandsharetheirmealtimemoments.对食物拍照可以让人们能够炫耀和分享他们的进餐时刻。④Hermainjobisshowing_guests_in_and_out.她的主要工作是领客进出。[写美]⑤(2017·浙江高考书面表达)我计划本周末组织一次郊游，如果你能准时到场，我会很高兴的。I_plan_to_organize_an_outing_this_weekend_and_I_would_be_very_pleased_if_you_can_show_up_on_time.2．makeup编造，杜撰；构成，组成；弥补；化妆；和好；整理[辨清]　写出下列句中makeup的含义①Themedicalteamwasmadeupoftwelvedoctors.组成，构成②They'lldoalltheycantomakeupfortheeconomiclosses.弥补③Todayitiscommonthatwomenandgirlsmakeupinpublic.化妆④Aftertheyquarreledmanytimes,it'shardforthemtomakeup.和好⑤ManystoriesaboutUFOaresaidtobemadeup.编造⑥Theytoldtheservantstomakeupabedfortheprincess.整理[记牢]makeupfor　　　　　　　弥补；补偿bemadeupof＝consistof＝becomposedof由……组成/构成makeout辨认出；理解，明白makewayfor为……让路makeit成功[练通]　用make短语完成下面语段Ourplant⑦is_made_up_offiftywomenworkers.Someofthemlike⑧making_upsomuchthattheyareoftenlateforwork.Whenquestionedbytheboss,theyusually⑨make_upsomeexcusesforit.What'sworse,sometimessomedidn't⑩make_way_forthenewworkersunlesstheyweregivenredpackets.Evenifthebosscamein,hecouldn't⑪make_outwhatwashappening.However,alltheworkersholdthebeliefthataslongasyouworkhardyou'll⑫make_itoneday.n[写美]⑬(2018·浙江高考书面表达)做一名志愿者也是我提高英语口语和弥补短处的好机会。Being_a_volunteer_is_also_a_good_opportunity_for_me_to_improve_my_spoken_English_and_make_up_for_my_disadvantages.3．belongto属于，是……的成员[记牢](1)belongto表示“是……的财产；是……的组成部分；是……的成员(属于)”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态。(2)belongingsn．　　　　财产；所有物；相关事物[练通]单句语法填空①Pleasetakefewerbelongings(belong)nexttime.Thereislittleroomleftinourcar.②Shetellsherstudentsthatthefuturebelongstothewelleducated.单句改错③Ifyoulovesomeone,youwilllikeallthatbelongingtohim.belonging→belong④Thisisahousebelongedtomygrandfather.belonged→belonging[用准]　belongto不用于进行时态，但是它的现在分词形式可以作后置定语。Hetookthebookbelongingtomebymistake.他误拿了属于我的那本书。[写美]⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)北京大学有着悠久的历史和深厚的文化底蕴，属于中国一流大学之一。Peking_University_has_a_long_history_and_deep_cultural_deposits,_belonging_to_one_of_the_top_universities_in_China.[句式集释]1．完全倒装结构[教材原句]　Standing_inside_werelotsofstrangecreatureswithwhiteskinandlargeblackeyes.[悟拓展例句](1)Buriedinthesandswas_an_ancient_village.一个古老的村庄被埋在沙土之中。(2)Present_at_the_party_wereMr.Greenandmanyotherguests.出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多其他的宾客。n(3)Outrushed_a_catfromunderthebed.从床底下跑出一只猫。(4)Thencame_the_final_awards_ceremonyattheendoftheyear.年终颁奖典礼终于来临了。(5)Onceuponatimethere_lived_a_doctorknownbythenameofHuaTuo.从前有个名医叫华佗。[析用法规则]用法归纳(1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语，而主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为“分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。(2)表示处所、方位等的副词或介词，如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,out,off等放在句首，而主语是名词，且谓语动词是be,lie,sit,stand,come,go,exist,live,rush等不及物动词时，句子用完全倒装。(3)therebe句型也属于一种完全倒装句。该句型中的be可以替换成表示“存在”的动词，如live,exist,lie,stand,seem,rise,remain,happen,come,go等。句型结构为“there＋存在类动词＋主语”。[背写作佳句](1)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)AndIrememberyouhavebeeneagertovisitsuchanexhibition.Nowcomesthechance.(要点句)(2)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ写作佳句)Presentatthemoviewatchingweretheschoolheadmaster,teachers,studentsandsomeofthestudents'parents.(要点句)2．besaidtodo...据说……[教材原句]　The_Yeti_is_said_to_bealarge,hairyanimalthatwalksontwofeetlikeahumanbeing.[悟拓展例句](1)Greenissaidtobethemostrestfulcolor.＝It_is_said_thatgreenisthemostrestfulcolor.据说绿色是最宁静的颜色。(2)Itisreportedthatmanyanewhousehasbeenbuiltinthedisasterarea.＝Manyanewhouseis_reported_to_have_been_builtinthedisasterarea.据报道，灾区已经建设了许多新房。(3)Itissaidthatcarbondioxideisheatingtheearthtwiceasquicklyasnpreviouslyfeared.＝Carbondioxideis_said_to_be_heatingtheearthtwiceasquicklyaspreviouslyfeared.据说二氧化碳正以先前所担忧的两倍的速度加热着地球。[析用法规则]用法归纳(1)Sb./Sth.besaidtodosth.意为“据说……”。其中，不定式根据情况可用一般式(todo)、进行式(tobedoing)和完成式(tohavedone)：Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋(2)用于本句型的动词还有think,believe,expect,report,consider,suppose等。(3)Sb./Sth.issaid/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/...todosth.＝Itissaid/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/...that...据说……/大家认为……/人们相信……/据报道……/大家普遍认为……/据推测……[背写作佳句](1)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)ItisreportedthatourcountrywillholdaChinesepapercuttingshowthisSunday.＝OurcountryisreportedtoholdaChinesepapercuttingshowthisSunday.(要点句)(2)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)Arrivingatyourfriend'shomeearlyisbelievedtobepoliteinChina.＝Itisbelievedthatarrivingatyourfriend'shomeearlyispoliteinChina.(要点句)[词块、句式过关综合训练]Ⅰ.选词填空lookinto,dueto,makeup,stepup,showup,belongto,runinto,takechargeof,dozensof,pickup1．Mostofthemturnedupontime;onlyTomarrivedlatedue_tothestorm.2．Shedidnotbelievemeandtoldmenottomake_upstories.3．Hehasstepped_uphistrainingtopreparefortherace.4．YouneverknowwhenTracyiscoming:shejustshows_upwhenshefeelslikenit.5．Yourcomplaintisbeinglooked_into;_whenwehaveanythingtoreportwewillwritetoyouagain.6．Originallybelonging_toMr.Smith,thehouseandsurroundingfarmlandwereseizedin1889.7．WhenIran_intoaproblemwhilemakingmymodelairplane,IaskeduncleGeorgeforhelp.8．Peoplearewonderingwhichofthefivesonscantake_charge_ofthecompanyiftheirfather,thegeneralmanagernow,retires.9．Yes,Ipostedanadinthenewspaper.Luckily,thereweredozens_ofemailresponses.10．Themotoristpicked_upthreemenalongthehighwayandtookthemasfarasNewYork.Ⅱ.同义句转换1．Asasciencestudent,IhavebeenstudyingChinese,math,English,physics,chemistryandbiology,andallbelongtothecollegeentranceexaminationsubjects.→Asasciencestudent,IhavebeenstudyingChinese,math,English,physics,chemistryandbiology,belongingtothecollegeentranceexaminationsubjects.2．Itissaidthatthetutorhaswrittenanewbookaboutcollegestudents.→The_tutor_is_said_to_have_writtenanewbookaboutcollegestudents.3．Thecompanythatconsistsof15smallfactoriesisfacingaseriousfinancialcrisis.→Thecompanythatis_made_up_of/is_composed_of15smallfactoriesisfacingaseriousfinancialcrisis.4．Agirlwasseatedonthegroundplayingtheguitar.→Seated_on_the_ground_was_a_girlplayingtheguitar.Ⅲ.分步写作看到一位老人跌倒在身边，你扶还是不扶？如今这个问题让不少人纠结不已，某报社对此专就“你是否会第一时间义不容辞地去扶摔倒的老人？”进行了一次调查，结果如图所示。请你写一篇文章向该报社的海外版投稿，描述这一调查结果。n要求：1.简单描述该图反映的问题；2．分析原因；3．发表自己的观点。注意：词数100左右；开头已给出，不计入总词数。Anoldmanhasfalleninthestreet,justseveralstepsaway,wouldyouhelphimorjustpassby?Thissimplequestionhasbecomeadilemmaformanypeople.　　　第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点本文是图表式议论文，时态是一般现在时，人称以第三人称为主。写作框架如下：一是描述该图反映的问题；二是剖析问题产生的原因；三是发表自己的观点，提出解决措施。描述问题时注意要把图表反映的现象描述全面，不可遗漏。要点1－①：根据调查，仅仅有百分之六的参与者愿意马上去帮忙。(accordingto,bewillingto)According_to_a_survey,_only_6%_of_the_participants_are_willing_to_help_immediately.要点1－②：24%的人承认他们不会这么做，其余的没有明确的答案。(admit,definite)24%_of_them_admit_that_they_will_not_do_so.And_the_rest_don't_have_a_definite_answer.要点2－①：大多数人担心如果他们去帮助老人，有可能会被控告撞倒了他。(beaccusedof,knockover)Most_people_worry_that_if_they_go_to_help_the_old_man,_they_may_be_accused_of_having_knocked_over_him.n要点2－②：一些老人选择去敲诈帮助者是因为他们支付不起治疗费用。(blackmail,afford)Some_elderly_people_choose_to_blackmail_their_helpers_because_they_can't_afford_their_treatment.要点3：如果政府能改善这种状况，我相信没有人会冒生命危险去假装摔倒。(improve,risk)If_the_government_can_improve_this_situation,_I_believe_no_one_will_risk_their_life_to_pretend_to_fall.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼拟定的几个要点已基本满足写作要求，第二步可在细节上进行修饰美化，表达上追求更加高级、出彩。要点1－①，加上后置定语“根据一份报纸的调查”让要点表达有事实依据，加上状语“毫不犹豫地”让句子更生动。要点2－①，我们结合生活实际可以对其进行内容拓展，让信息表达更具体化。拓展1－①：根据一份报纸的调查，仅仅有百分之六的参与者愿意毫不犹豫地去帮助。(过去分词短语作后置定语，withouthesitation)According_to_a_survey_conducted_by_a_newspaper,_only_6%_of_the_participants_are_willing_to_help_without_hesitation.升级2－①：大多数人担心如果他们去帮助老人，有可能会被控告撞倒了他。(thereisapossibilitythat...)Most_people_worry_that_if_they_go_to_help_the_old_man,_there's_a_possibility_that_they_may_be_accused_of_having_knocked_over_him.拓展2－①：有一些人也担心老人会假装摔倒。(pretendtohavedone)Some_are_also_concerned_that_the_old_man_may_pretend_to_have_fallen_down.升级2－②：一些老人选择去敲诈帮助他们的人是因为他们没有健康保险来支付他们的治疗费用。(Thereasonwhy...isthat...,healthinsurance)The_reason_why_some_elderly_people_choose_to_blackmail_their_helpers_is_that_they_do_not_have_health_insurance_to_cover_their_treatment.升级3：如果政府采取一些措施来改善这种状况，我相信没有人会冒生命危险去假装摔倒。(takesomemeasuresto...)If_the_government_take_some_measures_to_improve_this_situation,_I_believe_no_one_will_risk__their_life_to_pretend_to_fall.第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡为使论点突出，逻辑连贯，可适当添加连接词bycontrast,tobeginwith,second,nso等对文章进行衔接贯通。An_old_man_has_fallen_in_the_street,_just_several_steps_away,_would_you_help_him_or_just_pass_by?_This_simple_question_has_become_a_dilemma_for_many_people.According_to_a_survey_conducted_by_a_newspaper,_only_6%_of_the_participants_are_willing_to_help_without_hesitation._By_contrast,_24%_of_them_admit_that_they_will_not_do_so._And_the_rest_don't_have_a_definite_answer._As_for_the_reasons,_to_begin_with,_most_people_worry_that_if_they_go_to_help_the_old_man,_there_is_a_possibility_that_they_may_be_accused_of_having_knocked_over_him._Second,_some_are_also_concerned_that_the_old_man_may_pretend_to_have_fallen_down.So_what_should_we_do?_The_reason_why_some_elderly_people_choose_to_blackmail_their_helpers_is_that_they_do_not_have_health_insurance_to_cover_their_treatment._So__if_the_government_take_some_measures_to_improve_this_situation,_I_believe_no_one_will_risk__their_life_to_pretend_to_fall.理清文体结构之(四)　应用文之通知通告类——抓标题及四大要素，比对定答案通知通告类应用文结构比较单一，但是信息含量丰富。通知常含有一个主标题，点明通知类型等相关信息，正文常常涵盖通知内容、时间、地点及人物四大要素，文章结尾常常带有一些特别提示。解答此类应用文的关键在于抓住命题敏感点即标题及文中四要素，然后迅速浏览题干，找出题眼，再到文章中寻找与之相关的要素，进而比对信息得出答案。[抓标题及四大要素][高考典例]　2015·全国卷Ⅰ·A篇[读文解题技法]主标题表明通知类型及地点　◄副标题：时间1　　　内容1　◄　　副标题：时间2　　　内容2　◄　　副标题：时间3　　　内容3　◄　　MonthlyTalksatLondonCanalMuseumOurmonthlytalksstartat19：30onthefirstThursdayofeachmonthexceptAugust.Admissionisatnormalchargesandyoudon’tneedtobook.Theyendaround21：00.November7thTheCanalPioneers,byChrisLewis.JamesBrindleyisrecognizedasoneoftheleadingearlycanalengineers.Hewasalsoamajorplayerintrainingothersintheartofcanalplanningandbuilding.ChrisLewiswill1.看主标题知通知类型由主标题得知英国的LondonCanalMuseum要举行monthlytalks。2.读首段关注特别点阅读首段了解到monthlytalksn副标题：时间4　　　内容4　◄　　　　具体联系方式◄explainhowBrindleymadesuchapositivecontributiontotheeducationofthatgroupofearly“civilengineers”．December5thIcefortheMetropolis,byMalcolmTucker.Wellbeforethearrivaloffreezers,therewasademandforiceforfoodpreservationandcatering.Malcolmwillexplainthehistoryofimportingnaturaliceandthetechnologyofbuildingicewells,andhowLondon’sicetradegrew.February6thAnUpdateontheCotswoldCanals,byLizPayne.TheStroudwaterCanalismovingtowardsreopening.TheThamesandSevernCanalwilltakealittlelonger.Wewillhaveareportonthepresentstateofplay.March6thEyotsandAits—ThamesIslands,byMirandaVickers.TheThameshasmanyislands.Mirandahasundertakenareviewofallofthem.Shewilltellusaboutthoseofgreatestinterest.Onlinebookings:www.canalmuseum.org.uk/bookMoreinfo:www.canalmuseum.org.uk/whatsonLondonCanalMuseum1213NewWharfRoad,LondonNI9RTwww.canalmuseum.org.uk　www.canalmuseum.mobiTel:02077130836的起始时间及收费情况。3.览副标题明层次结构4个副标题为4次monthlytalks的举行时间。4.分段速读标要素每个副标题下涵盖开讲时间、人物和内容，标出这些要素，为后面解题做好铺垫。5.标出题眼找对应点在题干中找到题眼，并在文中找到对应点，然后与标出的“要素”进行比对，便可得出答案。[据题眼比对定答案]n21.isthetalkon？A．February6th.　　　　　　B．March6th.C．November7th.D．December5th.22.isthetopicofthetalkin？A．TheCanalPioneers.B．IcefortheMetropolis.C．EyotsandAits—ThamesIslands.D．AnUpdateontheCotswoldCanals.23.willgivethetalkon？A．MirandaVickers.B．MalcolmTucker.C．ChrisLewis.D．LizPayne.[答案]　21.C　22.D　23.A21．题眼人物1副标题：时间1，直接得出答案22．题眼时间3内容3，直接得出答案23．题眼内容4人物4，直接得出答案