2019年高中英语unit4earthquakessectionⅲgrammar教案新人教版必修1 5页

SectionⅢGrammar—定语从句(Ⅰ)语法图解探究发现1．Thenumberofpeoplewho/thatwerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.2．Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhich/thatwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.3．Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.4．Chinaisacountrythat/whichhasalonghistory.5．Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.6．Theman(whom/who/that)IhavetophonelivesinCanada.[我的发现](1)关系代词who指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，如句1、句3和句6。(2)关系代词whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，在口语和非正式文体中可用who或that替换，如句6。(3)关系代词which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如句2和句4。(4)关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如句1、句2、句4和句6。(5)关系代词whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，如句5。一、定义1．在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。n2．关系词分为关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose,as等)和关系副词(when,where,why等)两类。二、关系代词的基本用法1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。Thechildrenwhowereinjuredinacaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。Dannywasthemanwhowerescuedfromtheruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。Roseistheperson(who/whom)youshouldcareabout.罗丝是你应该关心的人。Theboy(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。3．whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。Iknowthepersonwhosehousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。[即时演练1]　关系代词填空①Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?②Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsetdownyournames,please.③Thisisthepersonwho/whomyoushouldthankforhelpingyourson.④ThegirlwhograduatedfromCambridgeUniversityiscalledAmanda.⑤(2017·江苏高考改编)In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneofwhosepurposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.⑥Anystudentwhosefamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.4．which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldring(which)hehadlostonthetrain.那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。Thelittlegirlishavinganapplewhichisbigandred.小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。n5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom，指物多用which。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)Thesuitcasethat/whichliesonthegroundishers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语)[名师点津]　(1)关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。[译]昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。[误]Thefilm(that/which)wesawitlastnightisveryfrightening.[正]Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightisveryfrightening.(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。Isthatthegirl(whom/who/that)youspokeoftheotherday?那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？[即时演练2]　关系代词填空①(2017·北京高考改编)Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.②Look,herearesomepeoplewho/whom/thatIwantyoutomeet.③Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmthat/whichwevisitedthreemonthsago?三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况1．当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,much等不定代词时。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。2．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveeverhad.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。3．先行词被all,every,no,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。I'vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。nTheonlythingthatshecoulddowastogotothepoliceforhelp.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。IhavefoundtheverypenthatIlostyesterday.我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。[即时演练3]　补全句子①Thisisthemostbeautifulparkthat_I_have_visited.这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。②Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeoplethat_she_was_interested_in.她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。③Chattingwasthe_only_thing_thatinterestedhermost.聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的事。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theyplantedsometreeswhich/thatdidn'tneedmuchwater.2．Haveyoureadthebookwhich/thatwaswrittenbyAnneFrank?3．Thefirstthingthathedidafterarrivinghomewasdoinghishomework.4．Isthistheteacherwho/thatrescuedseveralstudentsfromtheburningbuilding?5．Doyouknowtheladywho/thatourEnglishteacheristalkingwithunderthebigtree?6．ItisthetallestbuildingthatDaminghasseeneversincehecamehere.7．Myfatherboughtanewbikeformewhosepriceaddeduptomorethan1,000yuan.8．Shesaidshewoulddoanythingthatcouldhelphermotherrecoverfromthedisease.9．Anyonewhohashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.10．Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子1．Doyouknowtheman?Themanspoketotheheadmasterjustnow.→Doyouknowthemanwho/that_spoke_to_the_headmaster_just_now?2．Ihaveseenthefilm.They'retalkingaboutthefilm.n→Ihaveseenthefilmthat/which_they're_talking_about.3．ThebookwaswrittenbyMarkTwain.HewasafamousAmericanwriter.→ThebookwaswrittenbyMarkTwainwho_was_a_famous_American_writer.4．LastweekMaryworethedress.Igaveittoher.→LastweekMaryworethedressthat/which_I_gave_to_her.5．ThegirlisfromAmerica.HerfatherisaChinese.→Thegirlwhose_father_is_a_ChineseisfromAmerica.6．Mygrandparentsliveinahouse.Itismorethan100yearsold.→Mygrandparentsliveinahousewhich/that_is_more_than_100_years_old.Ⅲ.补全句子1．Thisistheveryhotel(that)_I_stayed_atwhenIwastravellinghere.这就是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。2．Heisamanwhom_we_are_all_ready_to_learn_from.他是我们大家都愿意向他学习的人。3．Thisistheverybookthat_I_am_looking_for.这正是我要找的那本书。4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)WearegoingtolearnsomeChinesepoemsthat/which_were_writtenintheTangDynasty.我们将学习唐朝时写的一些中国诗歌。5．Sheisoneofthegirlswho_have_passed_the_exam.她是通过考试的女孩之一。