2019年高中英语unit4earthquakessectionⅳlearningaboutlanguage 12页

SectionⅣLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage[原文呈现][读文清障]OfficeoftheCityGovernmentTangshan,HebeiChinaJuly5,201____Dear________，Congratulations①！Wearepleasedto②tellyouthatyouhavewonthehighschoolspeakingcompetitionaboutnewTangshan.Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges③，allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear④.Yourparentsandyourschoolshouldbeveryproudof⑤you!Nextmonththecitywillopenanewparktohonour⑥thosewhodiedintheterribledisaster⑦.Theparkwillalsohonourthosewhohelpedthesurvivors.Ourofficewouldliketo⑧haveyouspeak⑨totheparkvisitorsonJuly28at11：00am.Asyouknow，thisisthedaythequakehappenedthirty________yearsago.Weinviteyoutobringyourfamily⑪andfriendsonthatspecialday.Sincerely⑫，ZhangSha①congratulation[kənˌɡrætʃʊ'leIʃn]n．祝贺；(复数)贺词②bepleasedtodosth.乐于做某事③judge[dʒʌdʒ]n．裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决judgingfrom/by从……判断，常用作状语。④allofwhom引导的定语从句修饰judges。⑤beproudof为……感到自豪；因……而骄傲takepridein因……感到自豪⑥honourvt.尊重；尊敬n.荣誉；光荣⑦whodiedintheterribledisaster是who引导的定语从句，修饰those。⑧wouldliketodosth.愿意做某事⑨havesb.dosth.让某人做某事⑩asyouknow是as引导的非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容。n⑪family在这里指“家人”。⑫sincerely[sIn'sIəlI]adv.真诚地；真挚地[上方书信译文]中国,河北唐山市政府办公室201　　年7月5日亲爱的　　　　：恭喜！我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的高中演讲比赛中获胜了。评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为这是今年最好的演讲。你的父母和你的学校都应为你骄傲！下个月我们市将开放一个新的公园，以纪念在那次可怕的灾难中死去的人们，并向那些曾经为幸存者提供过帮助的人们致敬。我们办公室想请你在7月28日上午11点给来公园的参观者进行演讲。你知道，三十　　　　年前的这一天正是唐山发生地震的日子。,在这个特殊的日子里，我们邀请你和家人、朋友一起来。诚挚的，张沙Step1　Readtheletterandthentelltrue(T)orfalse(F)．1．Thisisaletterofcongratulation.(　　)2．Ahighschoolstudentwillbeinvitedtogiveaspeechinanewlyopenedpark.(　　)3．OnJuly28,1976,aterribleearthquakehitTangshan.(　　)4．Onlythehighschoolstudentwasinvitedonthatspecialday.(　　)答案：1.F　2.T　3.T　4.FStep2　Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1．WhywasthestudentinvitedtoTangshan?A．Becausethestudentsavedseveralpeopleintheearthquake.B．Becausethestudentwonthehighschoolspeakingcompetition.C．Becausethestudentgavelotsofmoneytotheorganization.D．Becausethestudentgavelotsofmoneytobuildthepark.2．________willbebuilttohonourtheTangshanearthquake.A．Anewpark　　　　　B．AnewbuildingC．AnewmuseumD．Anewlibraryn3．Inhis/herspeech,thestudentmaynotmention____________.A．theterriblequakethathappenedin1976B．thegreatworkpeoplehavedonetorebuildnewTangshanC．thebrightfutureofTangshanD．his/herhobbies答案：1～3　BAD一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.barn．　　　　　　条；棒；条状物2.damagen．&vt.损失；损害3.sincerelyadv.真诚地；真挚地4.expressvt.表示；表达　　n.快车；速递5.outlinen.要点；大纲；轮廓Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.frightenvt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightenedadj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frighteningadj.令人恐惧的2.congratulationn．祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulatevt.祝贺；恭喜；庆贺3.judgevt.断定；判断；判决n．裁判员；法官→judgmentn．审判；判决；裁判；判断4.cyclistn．骑自行车的人→cyclevi.骑自行车1.合成名词一览①earth(地球)＋quake(震动)→earthquaken．地震②out(在外)＋line(线)→outlinen．要点；大纲；轮廓③head(头部；顶端)＋line(线)→headlinen．报刊的大字标题2.“破坏”家族①damagen．&vt.　　　损失；损害②destroyvt.毁坏；毁掉③ruinn．&vt.毁灭；废墟3.“ing/ed”结尾的形容词聚焦①②③二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.at_the_top_of　　　　　在……顶部1.aletterofinvitation　　　　　　　一封邀请信n2．refer_to提及；指的是；参考3．wake_up叫醒4．put_up搭起5．be_known_as作为……而出名2．giveaspeech作演讲3．bepleasedtodosth.很高兴做某事4．beproudof为……感到骄傲5．expressone'sthanksto向……表达谢意三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Asyouknow,thisisthedaythequakehappened...你知道……这一天正是发生地震的日子。as引导定语从句，意为“正如；正像”。As_I_expected,_hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismidtermexamination.正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。2.Themanwassleepingdownstairswhentheearthquakehappened.这名男子正在楼下睡觉，这时突然地震发生了。bedoingsth.when...正在做某事这时(突然)……。Iwas_doing_my_homework_whenthephonerang.我正写作业时，突然电话响了。1．damagen．&vt.损失；损害(1)cause/dodamageto　　对……造成损害；损害……paythedamage赔偿损失(2)damageone'shealth损害某人的健康①Damagecausedbytheearthquakedisastercan'tbeignored.地震灾害导致的损失不容忽视。②Thiscouldcause_serious_damage_toourenvironment.这可能会对我们的环境造成严重的破坏。③Asweallknow,smokingcandamage_our_health.众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。2．(教材P28)Itwasafrighteningnight.这是一个骇人的夜晚。frighteningadj.令人恐惧的(1)frightenvt.　　　　　　使惊吓；使惊恐；吓唬frightensb./sth.away把……吓跑nfrightensb.into/outof(doing)sth.恐吓某人做/不做某事(2)frightenedadj.害怕的befrightenedtodosth.做某事而感到害怕befrightenedat...对……感到惊恐①Thenewswasfrighteningandtheywereallfrightened.那条消息是令人恐惧的，他们都吓坏了。②Whenyoustandatanaltitudetoseethefrighteningrapidsandwaterfall,youwillfeelmuchfrightened.(frighten)当你站在高处看到可怕的急流和瀑布时，你会感到十分害怕。③Sorry,Ididn'tmeantofrightenyouintodoingthat.对不起，我没有要吓唬你去做那事的意思。3．(教材P30)Congratulations!WearepleasedtotellyouthatyouhavewonthehighschoolspeakingcompetitionaboutnewTangshan.恭喜！我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的高中演讲比赛中获胜了。congratulationn．祝贺；(复数)贺词(1)express/offer/sendone'scongratulationstosb.　　　　　　　　　　向某人致以祝贺aletterofcongratulation贺信(2)congratulatevt.祝贺congratulatesb.on(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人祝贺①Wesentourcongratulationstoherwhenshepassedtheexam.当她通过考试时，我们向她表示祝贺。②Isincerelyexpressmycongratulations(congratulate)onyourgraduatingfromBeijingUniversity.我真诚地祝贺你从北京大学毕业。③Let'sgoandcongratulatehimonbeingacceptedbyTsinghuaUniversity.他被清华大学录取了，我们去祝贺他吧。4．(教材P30)Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为这是今年最好的演讲。judgen．裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决(1)judgesb./sth.by/from　通过……判断……asfarasIcanjudge据我判断n(2)judgingfrom/by...从……来看；根据……判断①Astheoldsayinggoes,“Youcan'tjudgeabookbyitscover.”俗话说，“你不能以貌取人。”②As_far_as_I_can_judge,_LiMingismorereliable.据我判断，李明更可靠。③Judging(judge)fromherlastletter,theyarehavingawonderfultime.从她的上封信看，他们过得非常愉快。5．(教材P30)Iwouldliketoexpressmythanksto...我想向……表达我的感谢。expressvt.表示；表达n.快车；速递(1)expressone'sthanksto　　　　表达对……的感谢expressone'ssatisfactionwith表达对……的满意expressoneself表达自己的意见(2)expressionn.表达；表情beyondexpression无法表达①Iwouldliketoexpressmysincerethankstoallthosewhohavehelpedme.我想对所有帮助过我的人表示诚挚的谢意。②Sheexpressedherself(she)clearlyinEnglish.她用英文清楚地表达了自己的意思。③Asamatteroffact,thebeautyofGuilinisbeyondexpression(express)．实际上，桂林之美无法用言语表达。1．Asyouknow,thisisthedaythequakehappened...你知道……这一天正是发生地震的日子。(1)asyouknow为非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容。(2)关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，从句可放在主句前、主句中或主句后，常用逗号与主句隔开。as意为“正如”，其后的谓语动词多是see,know,expect,say,report等。①Asisknowntous,theearthmovesaroundthesun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。②Hewaslateforclass,asisoftenthecase.他上课迟到了，他经常这样。③Theairqualityinthecity,as_is_shown_in_the_report,_hasimprovedoverthenpasttwomonths.正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。2．Themanwassleepingdownstairswhentheearthquakehappened.这名男子正在楼下睡觉，这时突然地震发生了。bedoingsth.when...正在做某事这时(突然)……。when为并列连词，相当于andjustatthattime。beabouttodo...when...正要做……这时……beonthepointofdoing...when...正要做……这时……hadjustdone...when...刚刚做完……这时……①IwaswalkingalongthestreetwhenIheardmynamecalled.我正在街上走着，突然听到有人叫我的名字。②Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.我们正要动身，这时突然下起雨来。③Iwasonthepointoftelephoninghimwhenhisletterarrived.我正要给他打电话，这时他的信到了。④Ihadjustfinishedmytestpaperwhen_the_bell_rang,_announcingtheexamwasover.我刚完成试卷这时宣告考试结束的铃声响了。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Iwas_watching(watch)TVwhentheelectricitywascutoff.2．Judging(judge)fromhisaccent,heisfromShanghai.3．Teenagersare_damaging(damage)theirhealthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch.4．Atthesightofthefrighteningscene,hewasalmostfrightenedtodeath.(frighten)5．HeexpressedhisthankstouslastFriday,withathankfulexpressiononhisface.(express)6．Hesentmeanemailofcongratulation,__congratulatingmeonthegoodresultIgained.(congratulate)Ⅱ.补全句子1．As_is_known_to_all/As_we_all_know,_theWestLakeisfamousforitsnbeauty.众所周知，西湖以其美而闻名。2．As_was_expected,_hewonthegoldmedalinthecompetition.正如所预料的那样，他在比赛中赢得了金牌。3．Johnwas_studying_in_his_room_whenheheardsomeonescreaming.约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到有人尖叫。4．①Wewere_about_to_leave_whenabignoisecamefromthenextroom.(about)②Wewere_on_the_point_of_leaving_whenabignoisecamefromthenextroom.(point)我们正要离开时隔壁发出了巨大的响声。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高[本课语言点针对练习]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Amanshouldbejudged(判断)byhisdeeds,notbyhisappearance.2．Thechildren'sshoutsfrightened(使惊恐)thebirdsandtheyflewaway.3．WesentNancyourcongratulations(祝贺)onherwinningthegoldmedalinthe1,500metersrace.4．Thenewspapersentsomereporters(记者)tocovertheeventimmediatelyithappened.5．Youshouldmakea(n)outline(提纲)beforeyouwriteacomposition.6．Heopenedthenewspaper,andhisattentionwasdrawnbyanarticlewithaninterestingheadline(大字标题)．7．Somecyclists(骑自行车的人)rantheredlight,whichwasverydangerous.8．Isincerely(真诚地)hopethatyourecoverhealthquicklyaftertheoperation.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Intheearthquake,abouttwomillionspeoplelosttheirhomesandthousandsofhousesfellintoruin.millions→million2．Judgefromthelookonhisface,hehasn'tfoundhissontrappedinthemine.Judge→Judging3．Icongratulateyoutoyoursuccess.to→on4．Theearthquakediddamagefortheareawheremanyhousesfelldownandmanynpeopleweretrappedinruins.for→to5．Thelittlegirlisfrighteningofwalkingthroughtheforest.frightening→frightened[本单元语言点温故练习]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Congratulations(congratulate)onyourwinningthegame.Iknewyoucouldbeatthem.2．Judging(judge)fromwhateveryonesaysabouthim,Iwouldsayhehasagoodchanceofwinning.3．Ithasbeenrainingfortwoweeks,completelyruining(ruin)ourholiday.4．Becauseofthecoldweather,theirwaterpipesfrozeandburst(burst)．5．Atfirstwe'lllearnnewwordsandexpressions(express)andthenlearnthetext.6．Isincerely(sincere)hopethatIcanhavetheopportunitytotalkwiththefamousscientistfacetoface.7．Shefeltgreatlyhonoured(honour)tohavebeeninvitedtogivealectureatthemeeting.8．It'ssaidthattherewasacaraccidentlastnight,killingfivepeopleandmakingmoreinjured(injure)．Ⅱ.补全句子1．It's_useless/no_use_trying_to_persuade_him_to_buy_the_product.Heistoocareful.试图说服他买这种产品没用，他太小心了。2．As_you_know,_she_is_a_stubborn_girl,_andIcan'tpersuadehertochangehermind.你知道，她是一个倔强的女孩，我不能说服她改变主意。3．Heisspeakingas_if/though_he_wereanative.他讲起话来好像是个本地人似的。4．Iwas_walking_along_the_river_whenIheardacryforhelp.我正沿着河边走，突然我听见求助的叫喊声。5．I'mgratefulthatyouhave_rescued_me_from_the_difficult_situation.我很感激，你把我从困境中解救了出来。6．Thestudentsyoushouldlearnfromarethosewho_graduate_from_top_universities.n你应该向那些从名牌大学毕业的学生学习。Ⅲ.多维演练1．frighten点点练用frighten的适当形式填空/补全句子①Wewereallfrightenedatthefrighteningnewsthatshetoldusyesterday.(frighten)②Thewomanfarmersawalongsnakeonthewaytoherapplegardensuddenly.Thefrightenedlookonherfacesuggestedshewasfrightened.(frighten)③Thelittleboywas_frightened(害怕)oftalkingwithhisteacherfacetoface.④Themanfrightened_us_into(吓唬我们)keepingsilent.2．when面面观补全句子/句型转换①Shewas_having_lunch_whenanoldfriendcametoseeher.她正在吃午饭，这时一位老朋友来看她。②Ihad_just_fallen_asleep_whenthebellrang.我刚睡着，铃就响了。③IwasabouttogoshoppingwhenTomcalledme.→Iwas_on_the_point_of_going_shopping_whenTomcalledme.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.阅读理解Children'sliveshavechangedgreatlyoverthelast50years.ButdotheyhaveahappierchildhoodthanyouorIdid?It'sdifficulttolookbackonone'sownchildhoodwithoutfeelingnostalgic(怀旧的)．Ihavefourbrothersandsisters,andmymemoriesareallaboutbeingwiththem,playingboardgamesonthelivingroomfloor,orspendingdaysinthestreetwiththeotherneighbourhoodchildren,orracingupanddownonourbikes.Myparentshardlyappearinthesememories,exceptasprovidersofmeals.Thesedays,intheUKatleast,thenatureofchildhoodhaschangedgreatly.Firstly,familiesaresmaller,andtherearefarmoreonlychildren.Itiscommonforbothparentstoworkoutsidethehomeandthereisthefeelingthattherejustisn'ttimetobringupalargefamily,orthatnoonecouldpossiblyaffordtohavemorethanonechild.Asaresult,today'sboysandgirlsspendmuchoftheirtimealone.Anothermajorchangeisthatyoungsterstodayprefertospendmostoftheirnfreetimeathome,inside.Morethananythingthisisbecauseofthefactthatparentsworryfarmorethantheyusedtoaboutrealorimagineddangers,sotheywouldn'tdreamoflettingtheirchildrenplayoutsidebythemselves.Finally,thekindoftoyschildrenhaveandthewaytheyplayistotallydifferent.Computerandvideogameshavereplaced(取代)theboardgamesandmoreactivepastimesofmychildhood.Theirony(讽刺)isthatsomanyofthesegamesarecalled“interactive(互动的)”．Thefactthatyoucanplaycomputergamesonyourownfurtherincreasesthesenseoflonelinessfeltbymanyyoungpeopletoday.DothesechangesmeanthatchildrentodayhavealesspleasantchildhoodthanIhad？Ipersonallybelievethattheydo,butperhapseverygeneration(一代人)feelsexactlythesame.语篇解读：本文是议论文。作者认为在过去的五十年里，儿童的生活发生了巨大的改变，但是现在的孩子并没有比以前的孩子更快乐。1．WhydidtheauthormentionhischildhoodinParagraph2?A．Tothankhisparents.B．Tomakeacomparison.C．Tointroducesomegames.D．Torememberagoodtimeinthepast.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“ButdotheyhaveahappierchildhoodthanyouorIdid？”及第二段对作者的童年和现在孩子的童年的对比可知，作者列举自己童年时期的例子是为了比较两代人不同的童年。2．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．ThehardtimeoftheUKfamily.B．Thedifficultiesinraisingchildren.C．Themostchallengingthingforparents.D．Thereasonwhychildhoodhaschanged.解析：选D　段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Firstly,familiesaresmaller”及“Anothermajorchangeisthatyoungsterstodayprefertospendmostoftheirfreetimeathome”可知，该段主要描述了当代孩子们的童年所发生的变化。3．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofcomputergames?A．Theyareveryexciting.B．Theyarenotreallygood.C．Theyaretooriskyforchildren.D．Theyhelpchildrenconnectwitheachother.n解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Theironyisthatsomanyofthesegames...lonelinessfeltbymanyyoungpeopletoday.”可知，作者认为现在的电脑游戏增加了孩子们的孤独感，所以对其持否定态度。Ⅱ.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Youthisakindofwealth.Itwillgraduallydisappearwithtime__1__(go)by.Whatcanwedotorealizeouryouth?Foronething,inmyopinion,itistorealizeourvalue,ouridea__2__mattersalot.Nomatterwhatourideasare,wemusttryhardtoachievethem.Whenweareyoungwearefullofenergy.Wehavethe__3__(good)conditionsinourlives.Goodmemories,good__4__(understand)andsoon.Weshouldmakefulluseoftheseconditions__5__(study)more.Foranother,weshoulddoasmanythingsaspossiblewewanttodo.Ofcourse,theymust__6__(rich)ourlives,whichcanmakeitpossibleforustogathermanydifferentexperiencesthatareworth__7__(remember)whenweareold.Thenwhenwearereallyold,whenwecannotmoveany__8__，wecanbeproudofourachievementsthatwe__9__(experience)inhappiness__10__wecansaywehavenoregretinourlives.答案：1.going　2.that　3.best　4.understandings　5.tostudy　6.enrich　7.remembering　8.longer/more9．haveexperienced　10.and