2020版高考英语复习unit5rhythm知能演练轻松闯关（含2019届新题，含解析）北师大版 17页

Unit5Rhythm课时练1　阅读理解提速练[学生用书P253(单独成册)]阅读理解A(2019·安徽示范高中高三上学期考试)ItmayseemhardtoleaveSydney’sattractionsandsights,butwhentheurgearisestoexplorebeyondthecity,manyexceptionaldaytripsawaittravelers.ScenicWorldOnavisittotheWorldHeritage－listedBlueMountains,enjoycleanfreshairandbreathtakinglandscapesofancientrainforests.ScenicWorldinKatoombaisthebestwaytoaccessthebeautyofthisregion.Besidesclimbing,youcanchoosecablecars,elevatedboardwalksortheScenicRailway—theworld’ssteepestrailwaytravellingthrougharocktunnel,toreachthemountaintop.RoyalNationalParkEstablishedin1879,theRoyalNationalParkistheworld’sthirdnationalpark.Locatedanhour’sdrivesouthofSydney,thebeachesareunspoilt,crowd－freeandgreatforsurfingorswimming.There’sdramaticsceneryalongthewaywitharangeofuniqueheritageattractions.Bushwalking,boating,canoeingandfishingarealsopopularactivities.FeatherdaleWildlifeParkLocated45minutesdrivewestofSydney,Featherdalehastheworld’slargestcollectionofAustraliannativebirds,mammals(哺乳动物)andreptiles(爬行动物).Situatedinabushlandenvironment,Featherdaleprovidesauniqueopportunityforup－closeanimalinteractions(互动).Hand－feedakangaroo,havebreakfastwithakoalaandcheckoutahugevarietyofspeciesincludingdingoes,emus,penguinsandmore.TheHawkesburyRiverLocatedanhour’sdrivenorth－westofSydney,theHawkesburyRiverisoneofNewSouthWales’best－keptsecrets.Experiencewhatthispicturesqueregionofwaterways,farmlandandnationalparkshastooffer—fromwaterskiingandbushwalkingtohorseriding,rivercruisesandretailtherapy.n【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了悉尼的四个景点，包括景点的特色、位置及项目等。1．WhatcanyoudowhenvisitingScenicWorld?A．Ridehorses.B．Hand－feedakangaroo.C．Gosurfing.D．Climbmountains.D　解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“ScenicWorld”定位至第二段，由该段尾句可知，除了攀岩，你还可以选择缆车、高架木板路或观光铁路到达山顶。据此可知，在ScenicWorld你可以通过各种途径爬山，故D项正确。2．Ifyouareananimallover,youcangoto________．A．ScenicWorldB．RoyalNationalParkC．TheHawkesburyRiverD．FeatherdaleWildlifeParkD　解析：推理判断题。根据FeatherdaleWildifePark部分的内容尤其是“Featherdaleprovidesauniqueopportunityforup－closeanimalinteractions(互动)”可知，如果你是动物爱好者，则FeatherdaleWildlifePark是值得一游的地方，故D项正确。3．WhatdoRoyalNationalParkandtheHawkesburyRiverhaveincommon?A．Bothcanbereachedbycablecars.B．Visitorscangoswimmingandfishing.C．Bushwalkingisavailableonthetwotrips.D．Visitorscanenjoybeautifulmountainscenery.C　解析：细节理解题。根据RoyalNationalPark部分的最后一句以及TheHawkesburyRiver部分的最后一句可知，皇家国家公园和HawkesburyRiver的共同之处是都可以进行丛林徒步探险，故C项正确。B(2019·安徽示范高中高三上学期考试)Haveyoueverwonderedwhendogsfirstbecame“man’sbestfriend”andtheworld’sfavouritepet?Ifyouhave,thenyou’renotalone.Whenandwheredogsfirstbeganlivingsidebysidewithhumansarequestionsthathavestirredhotdebateamongscientists.Thereareafewhardfactsthatallagreeon.Theseincludethatdogswereoncewolvesandtheywerethefirstanimaltobedomesticated(驯养)byhumans.Theycameintohumanlivessomen15，000yearsago,beforethedawnofagriculture.Beyondthat,thereislittleagreement.Theearliestbonesfoundthatareunquestionabledogs’andnotwolves’datefrom14，000yearsago.However,30，000－year－oldskullshavebeendiscoveredinFranceandBelgiumthatarenotpurewolves’andsomescientiststhinkcouldbedogs’．Withsuchpuzzlingevidence,manyscientistsarenowturningtoDNAtofindoutwhenandwheredogswerefirstdomesticated.Inoneresearchproject,tensofthousandsofbloodsampleshavebeentakenfromstreetdogsaroundtheworld.Theplanistocomparethemwiththoseofwolves.It’sevenpossibletoanalyseDNAfromancientbones.Tinypiecesofthe30，000－year－oldskullsmentionedearlierarecurrentlybeingstudied,andanotherDNAstudyhasalreadyshownthatancientdogspreservedintheAlaskanicefieldsevolvedfromAsianwolves,notAmericanones.Indeed,theancientDNAmayturnouttobemoreinformativethantheDNAoflivingdogs.Becausedogshaveaccompaniedhumansaroundtheworldforthousandsofyears,theircurrentdistributionmaytellusverylittleoftheirorigins.ThisiswhydifferentgroupsofscientistsbelievethatdogsvariouslyoriginatedineasternAsia,Mongolia,Siberia,EuropeorAfrica.Butwhyweretheanimalsdomesticatedinthefirstplace?Themostrecenttheoryisthatdogsdomesticatedthemselves,initiallylivinginandaroundourancientvillagestoeatanyfoodthrownout.Today,thisisawayoflifestillsharedbythreequartersofabillionunowneddogsworldwide.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，狗是从狼驯养而来的，早在一万五千年之前狗就进入了我们的生活。科学家通过分析DNA去查证狗最初是在何时何地被驯养的。4．Whichistheonlystatementgenerallyagreedonbyscientistsstudyingdogs?A．Dogsoriginallywereusedasfarmanimals.B．DogsevolvedfromwolvesfoundinEurope.C．Dogshelpedthedevelopmentofagriculture.D．Dogswerethefirstanimaltobekeptaspets.D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句，再结合倒数第二句可知，狗是第一种被人类驯养成宠物的动物，故D项正确。5．Whydoesthewriterfirstmentionthe30，000－year－oldanimals’skulls?A．Toshowthatdogsweremuchlargerinthepast.B．ToprovethatdogsdevelopedfromAsianwolves.nC．Tosuggestthatdogsmayhaveevolvedmuchearlier.D．ToarguethatdogswerefirstkeptinFranceandBelgium.C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知，在法国和比利时已经发现了3万年前的头骨，它们不完全是狼的，科学家认为有一些可能是狗的。据此可推知，该处提及三万年前的头骨旨在说明狗的进化历史更早，故C项正确。6．HowdidscientistsdeterminetheoriginsoftheancientdogsfoundinAlaska?A．Byanalyzingtheageoftheirbones.B．Byexaminingtheanimals’DNA.C．Bystudyingtheshapeoftheirskulls.D．Bycomparingthemwithmoderndogs.B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段尾句中的“anotherDNAstudyhasalreadyshownthatancientdogspreservedintheAlaskanicefieldsevolvedfromAsianwolves,notAmericanones”可知，科学家是通过检测DNA的方法来判断阿拉斯加狗的起源的，故B项正确。7．Whydiddogsstartlivingwithhumans?A．Becausetheywereattractedbyfood.B．Becausetheyweretrappedbyhumans.C．Becausetheycouldn’tsurviveinthewild.D．Becausetheyweretrainedtoprotectvillages.A　解析：推理判断题。根据尾段第二句可知，最近的一种说法是，狗是自己驯养自己的，最初生活在我们古老的村庄里或周围，吃人们扔掉的食物。据此可推知，狗和人生活在一起的原因是它们被食物所吸引，故A项正确。C(2019·安徽示范高中高三上学期考试)We’vebeencoveringstandingdesksforalongtimenowbecauseexpertsagreethatsittingalldayiskillingus.Wewanttobeproductivewhilealsokeepingourbodieshealthy.Overtheyears,therehavebeenseveralsolutionstothisfromfixedstandingdeskstoadjustableones,portabledeskstoonesthatchangeintoshelves.However,themosthigh－techandelegantsolutionhastobethisnewsmartdeskcalledtheStirKineticDesk.Thedesklearnsyourdailybehaviorandmovesbetweenasittingandstandingheightregularlythroughoutthedaytokeepyoumovingwithoutinterruptingyourworkflow.Youcanprogramspecificsittingandstandingintervalsorletthedesksettheschedule.Ifyoutendtositwhilereturningemailsinthemorning,butalwayswantntostandduringthatafternoonconferencecall,thedeskwilllearnthoseregularhabitsandadjustthescheduletofitthem.Ofcourse,thedeskcanalwaysbemanuallyloweredorraisedbyusingthetouchscreenonthelowerleftcornerofthedesk.Whenswitchingpositions,thedeskgentlydipsandrisestoletyouknowthatachangeiscomingup.Ifyou’renotreadytoswitchpositionsatthattime,youcantapthetouchscreentostaysittingorstandingforawhilelonger.Thebuilt－intouchscreenalsokeepstrackofyourdailysittingandstandingtimesandtellsyouhowmanycaloriesyou’veburned.Youcanevensetgoalsforhowlongorhowoftenyouwanttostand.ThedeskalsoworkswithfitnessdevicesliketheFitbittotrackyourmovements.Allofthatsmarttechnologydoesn’tcomecheapthough.TheM1desk,whichistheeverydaymodel,runsasteep$2，990,whilethemoreexecutivemodelwithaddedfeatures,theF1,goesfor$4，190.Whileexpensive,it’sworththatthinkingofhowmuchtimewespendatourdesks.Muchlikeagoodmattress(床垫),agooddeskthatworkswithyouisworththeinvestment.Hopefullyinafewyearsthesesmart,integrateddeskswillbemorecommonandlessexpensive.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种新型智能办公桌：能根据人的习惯自动设定其坐着和站着时的不同高度。该产品虽然价格昂贵，但是值得购买。8．TheStirKineticDeskhasbeendesignedto____________．A．helpuserswiththeirworkB．keepusersmovingallthetimeC．getuserstoexercisewhileworkingD．remindusersoftheirworkingscheduleC　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，这种办公桌可以了解你的日常行为，每天有规律地在你坐着和站着时的高度之间调整，让你在不影响工作流程的情况下保持移动。据此可以判断，这种办公桌旨在让使用者在工作时得到锻炼，故C项正确。9．Whichisthefeatureofthetouchscreenofthedesk?A．Itcantelluserswhentochangepositions.B．Itcantrackusers’changesofpositions.C．Itcankeepusersinafixedposition.D．Itcandetectusers’healthcondition.B　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，内置的触摸屏还可以了解你每天坐着和站着的时间，并告诉你燃烧了多少卡路里。据此可知，n这种内置触摸屏跟踪使用者的姿势变化，故B项正确。10．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethedesk?A．Productivebutchallenging.B．Convenientbutunaffordable.C．Complexandimpractical.D．Multifunctionalandintelligent.D　解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，这种办公桌能了解你的行为习惯并以此来调整高低，且能告诉你燃烧了多少卡路里，并结合最后一段最后一句中的“thesesmart,integrateddesks”可推知，这种办公桌是多功能的、智能的，故D项正确。11．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthelastparagraph?A．Tospendmoneyonsuchadeskisrewarding.B．Weshouldgetsuchadeskassoonaspossible.C．Itwon’tbelongbeforethedeskinwidelyused.D．Desksplayaveryimportantroleinourdailylife.A　解析：写作意图题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是第一句可知，尽管这种桌子很昂贵，但是考虑到我们使用桌子的时间，还是值得购买的。据此可以判断，作者在最后一段是想告诉读者，花钱买这种桌子是值得的，故A项正确。D(2019·绵阳高中第一次诊断性考试)Wearewhatweeat.Thatisanoldexpression,butoneworthknowing.Arecentlookatdietsaroundtheworldshowsthatpeoplewhoeathealthyfood—andnottoomuchofit—livelonger.Butwhichareasoftheworldhavethebestdiets?Researchersfoundthatfoodsinsomeofthehealthiestdiets—Mediterraneandiet,NewNordicdiet,JapanesedietandFrenchdiet—maybeverydifferent,buttheyareallheavyonlocalandseasonalfoods,whichincludemorevegetablesandseafoodandlessredmeat.Mediterraneandietcontainslotsoffruits,vegetables,wholegrains,nutsandoliveoil.Thediethasproperamountsoffishandpoultry(家禽肉).Redmeatandfoodshighinsugarandsaltarenotbigpartsofthisdiet.NewNordicdiethaswholegrainslikeoatsandrye,vegetablessuchascarrots,broccoliandeggs,seafood,fruits,oil,low－fatmilkandcheese.Sugarydessertsarenotcommoninthisdiet.Japanesepeoplearesomeofthelongestlivingpeopleontheplanet,withwomenupto87yearsoldandmenupto80.TheJapanesedietisthereasonforsuchlengthsoflife.Thediethasmanyfoodsthatarelowincaloriesandhighinnutrients.nJapanesepeopleeatalotofseaweed,tofu,rice,vegetablesandfish.Thetraditionthereistostopeatingwhenyourstomachfeels80percentfull.However,Frenchpeopleeatfattyfoodsbutdonotgetfat.Andtheylivealongtime.Thisphenomenoniscalledthe“FrenchParadox”.ThereasonwhytheFrencheatfattyfoodswithoutgettingfatmaybesimple.Theyeatless.ServingsizesinFrenchrestaurantsandofproductssoldinstoresaresmallerthanthoseinmostcountries.Andgenerallyspeaking,mostFrenchpeopledonotsnack.Thismeanstheydonoteatfoodbetweenmeals.【解题导语】　本文介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。12．Whatdoweknowaboutthehealthiestdietsaroundtheworld?A．Theycontainabundantcalories.B．Theytendtobeexpensive.C．Theysharecertainsimilarities.D．Theyreflectpopulartastes.C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“maybeverydifferent,buttheyareallheavyonlocalandseasonalfoods,whichincludemorevegetablesandseafoodandlessredmeat”可知，尽管有不同之处，但世界上最健康的饮食都使用很多当地的和时令的食物，包括更多的蔬菜和海鲜，更少的红肉。由此可知，世界上最健康的饮食有一定的相似之处，故选C项。13．WhatisconsideredasaharmfuleatinghabitinJapanesetradition?A．Goinglowincalories.B．Eatingtothefullest.C．Havingmuchseafood.D．Pickingmanyfoods.B　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Thetraditionthereistostopeatingwhenyourstomachfeels80percentfull”可知，日本的传统是吃八成饱。由此可推知，吃得很饱在日本被认为是不良的饮食习惯，故选B项。14．Howdoestheauthordevelopthecentralideainthelast4paragraphs?A．Bybuildingconnections.B．Byexploringreasons.C．Bylistingexamples.D．Byanalyzingfigures.C　解析：写作手法题。通读后四段可知，作者列举了这些健康饮食中的食物，故本文后四段是通过举例子的方式来说明中心观点的。n15．Whichcanbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhatIstheHealthiestDietonEarth?B．HowDoestheOldExpressionServe?C．WhyIsaHealthyDietsoImportant?D．WherecanWeFeedOurselvesWell?A　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。故A项作为文章标题最合适。七选五(2019·东北三省四市教研联合体一模)DoesYourMoodChangewiththeSeasons?Somepeoplefindthatwhenthetemperaturegoesdown,sodotheirspirits.1.________Theyeatmoreandgainweight.Theyhavetroublesleeping.Theycan’tthinkclearly.Herearesomewaysyoucanbeatthewinterblues.Getoutinthesun.Someexpertssaythatwinterblueshappenbecausewegetlesssunlightinthewinterthanwedoinotherseasons.Somesaythatthedecreaseinsunlightcanmakeusfeelsad.2.________Getsomeexercise.Awalkorotherexercisewillmakechemicalscalledendorphins(内啡肽)inyourbody.Endorphinsarenatural“feelgood”chemicals.3．________Avoidhavingtoomuchsugar.Ifyoucravesugaryfoods(likecookiesorcandy),itmaybeasignthatyouneedmoreprotein(蛋白质),likemeat,eggs,orfish.Getsomerest.Avoidholidaystress.Cutbackifyouhavetoomanythingstodo.Makesureyouhavesomequiettimetoyourself.4.________Studiesshowthatmostteensneedaboutninehoursofsleepeachnight.Theaverageteen,though,getsonlyaboutsixorsevenhoursofsleeppernight.Gethelp.Becautiousifyoufeelsadallthetimeandthefeelingwon’tgoaway.5.________Talktoanadultwhoyoutrustorgethelpfromadoctor.A．Eatmorehealthfulfoods.B．Choosedifferentfoodsinseason.C．Don’tbesobusythatyougetrundown.D．Thosepeoplesometimesfeelsadfornoreason.E．Youmayhaveabiggerproblemthanthewinterblues.F．Gettingextrasunlighteachdaycanhelpbrightenyourmood.nG．Aregularpatternofsleepisthemostimportantthingtomaintain.【解题导语】　有些人的情绪会随着季节的变化而变化。本文主要介绍了五种克服冬季抑郁的方法。1．D　解析：根据上文中的“Somepeoplefindthatwhenthetemperaturegoesdown,sodotheirspirits.”可知，有的人当温度下降时，情绪也会低落，本段主要说明了这种现象，空后叙述了具体的表现。所以D项符合语境。2．F　解析：根据第三段中的“Getoutinthesun.”和“Somesaythatthedecreaseinsunlightcanmakeusfeelsad.”可知，F项符合语境。3．A　解析：根据下文中的“Avoidhavingtoomuchsugar.Ifyoucravesugaryfoods...fish.”可知，本段说的是健康饮食。所以选A项。4．C　解析：根据段首的“Getsomerest.”可知，本段说的是要注意休息。故C项符合语境。5．E　解析：根据上文中的“Becautiousif...goaway.”和下文中的“Talktoanadultwhoyoutrustorgethelpfromadoctor.”可知，空处前后在含义上存在轻微的递进关系，结合选项可知，E项“你可能有比冬季抑郁更严重的问题”能很好地起到过渡作用。故选E项。课时练2　知识运用板块练[学生用书P256(单独成册)]完形填空(2019·新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测)Acoupleofyearsago,therewerebillboardsabouttheachievementsofBostonAthleticAssociation.Besidethephotosweresome__1__words,expressingthereasonsforrunning.Eachhaddifferentwords,butonereally__2__.Itwassimple：“BecauseIcan.”Askids,manytalestoldusaboutthespiritofdetermination,ofbelievinginourselves.As__3__，wedon’talwayshavetalestoteachusthesevaluablelessons.Asaresult,westartmaking__4__．“BecauseIcan”removestheseexcuses.Itgivesusalessontodothingsthatwethinkwe__5__.And,itenablesustobelieveinourselves.Practicing“can”thinkingisimportanttokeepingusyoung,tohavinga(n)__6__outlook,tostayingactiveandto__7__ourgoals.Further,itcanhelpus__8__richerandfullerlives.Thefactthatyouhavetheabilitytodosomethinggivesyouthepowertodoit,__9__thetaskmightbe.Howcanyouusethepowerof“BecauseIcan”？Herearethreeways：Bemoreactive.__10__itistogettothestoreorwork,orifitisclimbingnthe__11__insteadoftakingthelift,holdinga“BecauseIcan”__12__isaneasywaytoincludemoreactivitiesinyourlife.Breakthe“I’mtired”or“Itistoohard”or“Itistoofar”cycle.Increasingyouractivitylevelwill__13__alotofbenefits.Trysomethingnew.Itiseasyforustomakeexcusesforwhyweshouldn’ttrynewthings.Maybeyouthinkitis__14__yourcomfortzone.Maybeitseemstoodifficult.Telling__15__that“Youcan”trysomethingnewwillhelpyouto__16__pasttheseroadblocksand__17__newthingsaboutyourselfandpossiblenewinterests.Increaseyourwillpower.Saying“No”toourfavoritethingsisnoteasy.__18__，developingstrongwillpowerissomethingthatisgoodforyou.__19__timeyouwanttodosomethingyouthinkyoumight__20__，trytellingyourselfthatyoucansayno.Youhavethepower.【解题导语】　本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了“BecauseIcan”这句话的影响力以及我们该怎样利用它的力量。1．A.disappointing　　　　B．puzzlingC．satisfyingD．encouragingD　解析：根据下文的“BecauseIcan.”可知，照片旁边是一些鼓舞人心的话。disappointing“令人失望的”；puzzling“令人迷惑的”；satisfying“令人满意的”。2．A.stoodoutB．turnedoutC．heldoutD．pickedoutA　解析：但是有一句话真得很显眼。standout“突出，显眼”；turnout“结果是，证明是”；holdout“伸出，坚持”；pickout“挑出，挑选”。3．A.teachersB．runnersC．adultsD．audienceC　解析：作为孩子，很多故事告诉我们坚定和相信自己的决心。作为成年人，我们却并不总是有教给我们这些宝贵教训的故事。空处与上文的kids形成对比，故选adults。audience“观众，听众”。4．A.differencesB．excusesC．adjustmentsD．preparationsB　解析：根据空后的“‘BecauseIcan’removestheseexcuses.”以及第五段第二句中的“makeexcuses”可知，结果我们开始编一些借口。makeadifference“有作用，有影响”；makeadjustment“做出调整”；makepreparations“做准备工作”。5．A.can’tB．mustn’tnC．shouldn’tD．needn’tA　解析：本句表示：它(“BecauseIcan”这句话)给了我们一个教训，让我们去做我们认为做不了的事情。故选A。6．A.sensitiveB．positiveC．imaginativeD．objectiveB　解析：根据语境可知，此处表示“积极”的人生观。此处表示：练习“能够”思维对于使我们保持年轻、拥有积极的人生观、保持积极向上和实现我们的目标都是重要的。sensitive“敏感的”；imaginative“富有想象力的”；objective“客观的”。7．A.developingB．makingC．settingD．reachingD　解析：参见上题解析。develop“开发，发展”；make“制订”；set“确定，确立”。8．A.arrangeB．buildC．leadD．changeC　解析：更进一步，它能帮助我们过更丰富、更充实的生活。lead/livea．..life或者lead/live...lives是固定搭配，意为“过着……的生活”。9．A.whicheverB．wheneverC．whereverD．whateverD　解析：你有能力做某件事情的事实会给你去做这件事的力量，不管这件事情可能是什么。分析句子结构可知，此处应用whatever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么，不管什么”。whichever“无论哪一个”；whenever“无论何时”；wherever“无论在哪里”。10．A.WhetherB．IfC．ThoughD．SinceA　解析：根据空后的“orifitisclimbingthe______insteadoftakingthelift”可知，本处考查whether...or...，意为“无论是……还是……”，故选A。11．A.wallB．stairsC．ladderD．hillB　解析：根据下文的“takingthelift”可知，此处应为“爬楼梯”，故选B。12．A.mottoB．activityC．attitudeD．positionC　解析：保持一个“BecauseIcan”的态度是一种很容易在生活中参与更多活动的方法。motto“格言，箴言”；activity“活动”；attitude“态度”；position“职位，位置”。13．A.preserveB．provideC．possessD．protectB　解析：增加你的活动水平将提供很多的好处。故选provide。preserve“保护，n保存”；possess“拥有”；protect“保护”。14．A.besideB．withoutC．beyondD．withinC　解析：根据上下文可知，也许你认为尝试新事物超出了你的舒适区。beyond“超越，超出”，符合语境。15．A.himB．himselfC．youD．yourselfD　解析：根据下文中的“‘Youcan’trysomethingnewwillhelpyouto...aboutyourselfandpossiblenewinterests”可知，此处是指“告诉你自己”。故选D。16．A.moveB．jumpC．overcomeD．defeatA　解析：movepasttheseroadblocks“通过这些路障”。move在此处为不及物动词，后面跟past表示“通过”；jump“跳，跳跃”，不符合语境；overcome“克服，战胜”，是及物动词，后不跟介词past；defeat“打败”，也是及物动词。17．A.consultB．informC．discoverD．experienceC　解析：本句意为：告诉你自己“你可以”尝试一些新的事情将帮助你通过这些路障，并且发现新的自己和可能产生的新兴趣。consult“咨询，请教”；inform“通知，告知”；experience“经历，体验”。18．A.MoreoverB．HoweverC．ThereforeD．OtherwiseB　解析：根据语境可知，此处与上文是转折关系。虽然对我们最喜欢的事情说“不”是不容易的，但是，培养坚强的意志力对你是有好处的。Moreover“而且”；Therefore“因此，所以”；Otherwise“否则”。19．A.EveryB．EachC．LastD．NextD　解析：根据语境可知，此处表示：下一次你想做你认为可能会后悔的事情时，尝试着告诉自己你可以说不。你有这样的能力。故选D。20．A.regretB．requestC．recommendD．remindA　解析：参见上题解析。regret“后悔”；request“要求”；recommend“推荐，建议”；remind“提醒，让(某人)想起(必须做的事)”。语法填空(2019·新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测)AreportsaysaboutfiftymilliontoseventynmillionAmericanshavesleepproblems.Itsaysmanymorearesufferingfromlackofsleep.Astudyhasexamined1.____________weneedsleepandtheeffectsofsleeploss.ThestudyshowsAmericanbusinesseslosemillionsofdollarsayearbecauseoftiredworkers.Some2.____________(employ)aretootiredtoreportforwork.Theyhavemoreaccidentsorare3.____________(little)productiveatwork.Othercostsincludeincreasedvisits4.__________doctors.Thestudyfindsthat20%ofinjuries5.____________(cause)bycaraccidentsarelinkedtosleepydrivers.Otherstudieshavelinkedpoorsleeptoariskofhealthproblemslikeheartdisease,depressionand6.____________(healthy)amountsofbodyfat.Researcherssaythereasonforthislinkisunclear.Manyexpertssay7.____________largeamountofsleepisasimportanttohealthasdietandexercise.Theysaymostpeopleneedseventoninehoursofsleepeachnight.Lessthanthatcaninfluence8.____________mentalandphysicalabilities.Itcanleadtomoreseriousproblems,includingseveresleeplessness.Peoplewiththisconditiontemporarilystop9.____________(breathe)whiletheysleep.Researcherssuggestthepublic10.____________(inform)oftheproblemandtakestepstopreventsleepdisorders.【解题导语】　充足的睡眠同饮食和健康一样重要。本文主要介绍了睡眠不足造成的影响及研究人员建议公众采取措施解决睡眠不足这一问题。1．why　解析：考查宾语从句。一项研究分析了为什么我们需要睡眠以及缺乏睡眠的影响。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句且从句中缺少原因状语，故填why。2．employees　解析：考查名词。根据空前的Some可知，空处应用名词复数。someemployees“一些员工”。employee“雇员，雇工”；employer“雇主，老板”。根据语境可知，空处应填employees。3．less　解析：考查形容词的比较级。工作中，睡眠不足的雇员会遇到更多的事故且效率较低。根据空前的more可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。4．to　解析：考查介词。空前的visits为名词复数，其后常用介词to。5．caused　解析：考查非谓语动词。cause和它所修饰的名词injuries之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处表示“由汽车事故造成的伤害”，故用caused作后置定语。6．unhealthy　解析：考查形容词。其他研究已经把睡眠质量差与患心脏病、抑郁和不健康的体内脂肪含量等这样的健康问题的风险联系了起来。空处修饰名词amounts且和depression意义相近，故填unhealthy。7．a　解析：考查冠词。alargeamountof是固定搭配，意为“大量，许多”，n用来修饰不可数名词。8．both/their　解析：考查代词。少于这个时间会影响身心能力。both与后面的and构成固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”。或结合上文中的“mostpeople”可知，此处也可用their修饰后面的名词abilities，表示“他们的身心能力”。9．breathing　解析：考查非谓语动词。stopdoingsth.“停止做某事”，为固定用法。故填breathing。10．(should)beinformed　解析：考查虚拟语气和语态。suggest表示“建议”，后跟宾语从句时从句中要用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，且should可以省略。另外，thepublic与动词inform之间是被动关系，故用其被动形式，因此填(should)beinformed。课时练3　语法写作增分练[学生用书P257(单独成册)]第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)　第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2019·湖南长沙四校模拟)Arecentstudyshowsthatmostadultsdidhouseholdchores61.____________(active)whentheywereyoung.Mostkidstodaydonotdoasmanyhouseholdchoresasbefore,62.____________samestudyshows.Anexpertsaid,“Parentstodaywanttheirkidstospendmoretime63.____________thingsthatcanbringthemmoneyandhonour.Theyhavestopped64.____________(do)theonethingthathasproventobringsuccess.Thatisdoinghouseholdchores.”Anotherstudyfindsthatcomparedwiththekids65.____________didn’tdohouseholdchores,youngadultsbeginningchoresatages3and4weremorelikely66.____________(succeed).Theyhadbetterfamilyrelationships,didbetterinschool,performedbetteratworkandweremoreindependent.Personalhappiness67.____________(say)tocomefromstrongrelationships.Itbeginsbylearningtobekindand68.____________(help)totheirparentsathome.Ifyourkidssaytheyhavetoskipchoresbecauseit’stimethey69.____________(deal)withtheirhomework,you’dbetternotletthemoffthehook.Ifyoudo,yourchildmaythinkgradesaremoreimportantthancaringaboutothers.“Whatmayseemlikesmall70.____________(message)atthemomentadduptobigonesovertime，”saysanexpert.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，n现在的大部分成年人小时候都做过家务，而现在的大部分孩子不像以前的孩子那样做很多家务了。61．actively　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，故要用副词形式actively。62．the　解析：考查冠词。此处的“study”就是上文提到的那个“study”，故用定冠词the表示特指。63．on　解析：考查介词。根据固定搭配spendsth.onsth.可知，此处填介词on。64．doing　解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，这里说的是“停止做某事”，而不是“停下来做某事”，故用stopdoingsth.搭配。65．who/that　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为kids，关系代词在从句中作主语，因此本空填who/that。66．tosucceed　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是belikelytodosth.句型，故填不定式。67．issaid　解析：考查时态和语态。本句含有“besaid＋动词不定式”结构，且这里说的是现在的一般情况，主语为Personalhappiness，因此填issaid。68．helpful　解析：考查形容词。本空应填形容词helpful与kind并列作表语。69．dealt/shoulddeal　解析：考查虚拟语气。It’stime(that)．..句型中，that从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用一般过去时或should＋do，其中should不可以省略。70．messages　解析：考查名词复数。message是可数名词，其前没有冠词，故要用其复数形式。第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；　　2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2019·江西赣中南五校联考)DearPeter，I’mverygladtoreceiveyouremailaskingforinformationaboutthehostfamilywehavearrangedyoutostaywith.Locatinginabeautifulandquietneighborhood，thehousewasbigenoughtoenableyoutohavearoomofyourown.Apartfromtheconvenientpublictransportation，nourprivatecarwillmakeyourvisiteasy.BecauseallthefamilymemberscanspeakfluentlyEnglishandhaveoutgoingpersonalities，I’msureyouwillhavenotroublecommunicatewiththem.Aboveall，theyhostedtheAmericanstudentlastyear，throughthattheygainedlotsofexperience.Inadditionto，thehostesscookingwillguaranteeyouawonderfulchanceoftastingdeliciousChinesefood.Hopeyouenjoyyourstaythere.Yours，LiHua答案：DearPeter，I’mverygladtoreceiveyouremailaskingforinformationaboutthehostfamilywehavearrangedyoutostaywith.inabeautifulandquietneighborhood，thehousebigenoughtoenableyoutohavearoomofyourown.Apartfromtheconvenientpublictransportation，privatecarwillmakeyourvisiteasy.BecauseallthefamilymemberscanspeakEnglishandhaveoutgoingpersonalities，I’msureyouwillhavenotroublewiththem.Aboveall，theyhostedAmericanstudentlastyear，throughtheygainedlotsofexperience.Inaddition，thecookingwillguaranteeyouawonderfulchanceoftastingdeliciousChinesefood.Hopeyouenjoyyourstaythere.Yours，LiHua第二节　书面表达(满分25分)(2019·安徽知名高中联合质检)假设你是李华，你的美国笔友Kate即将完成学业，不久前给你发邮件就是否到中国工作询问你的意见，请根据以下提示回一封电子邮件：1．建议她可以来中国；2．阐述你的理由；3．承诺可提供帮助。注意：1．词数100左右；n2．文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearKate,I’mgladtohavereceivedtheletteryousentmelastweek._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestwishes!Yours，LiHuaOnepossibleversion：Dear_Kate，I’m_glad_to_have_received_the_letter_you_sent_me_last_week.Ihavebeenthinkingaboutthequestionyouaskedme.Frommypointofview,youcanchoosetocometoChinaafterfinishingyourstudies.Foronereason,China’sdevelopmentoverthepast30yearsoffersquantitiesofjobopportunitiesfortheyoung.What’smore,whatyouarestudyingisbadlyneededinChinanowadays.Infact,manybigcompaniesinmycityarehopingtohirepeoplelikeyou.Foranotherreason,Chinaisacountrywithsuchdifferentculturesandtraditionsfromthepastthatmanyforeignersenjoylivingandworkinghere.Whynotcomeandjointhem?I’msureyou’lladapttotheenvironmentquickly.Ifyoucome,IwilldowhatIcantohelpyou.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?Best_wishes!Yours，Li_Hua