小学英语语法-课件 36页

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  • 2022-06-09 发布

小学英语语法-课件

  • 36页
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小学英语语法\n1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“辅音字母y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries名词复数规则武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knivesleaf——leaves5.不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,child-children;foot-feet;tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n写出下列各词的复数I_____him______this_______her_____watch___child____photo______diary_____day______foot_____book_____dress____tooth____sheep____box_____strawberry__ thief_____you_____peach___sandwich___man_____woman___paper_____juice_____water_____milk______rice______tea______武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:Igetupatsixeveryday.我天天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如:Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n一般现在时的构成1.be动词:主语be(am,is,are)其它。如:Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词:主语行为动词(其它)。如:WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”如:MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。否定句:主语benot其它。如:Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be主语其它。如:-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑问句:疑问词一般疑问句。如:Whereismybike?讲义共享武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n2.行为动词的变化。否定句:主语don‘t(doesn’t)动词原形(其它)。如:Idon'tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数,用doesn‘t构成否定句如:Hedoesn'toftenplay.一般疑问句:Do(Does)主语动词原形其它。如-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.当主语为第三人称单数,要用does构成一般疑问句-如-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n动词s的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3.以“辅音字母y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如study-studies武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink______go_______stay____make______ look______have_______pass_____carry____二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome. 2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne. 3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday. 4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday. 5.______they________(like)theWorldCup? 6._______yourparents______(read)newspaperseveryday? 7.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays. 8.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n三、按照要求改写句子1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________ 2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ 3.Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答) ___________________________  4.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________五、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上) 1.Is  yourbrotherspeakEnglish?    __________________ 2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?      _________________ 3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.   _________________ 4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.        __________________ 5.Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays._______________武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n现在进行时1、现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2、现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be动词ing.3、现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4、现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5、现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词+be动词+主语+doing+其它?但疑问词当主语时其结构为:疑问词+be动词+doing+其它?武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n动词加ing的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making,taste-tasting3.假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing如:run-running,stop-stopping武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n现在进行时专项练习: 一、写出下列动词的现在分词:run_______swim_______make______begin______ go________like________  write______shop______have______sing  ______dance______put________see_______love_______live_______take________come_____  get_______stop_______sit________二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:1.Theboy_________________(draw)apicturenow. 2.Listen.Somegirls_____(sing)intheclassroom. 3.Mymother________(cook)somenicefood  now. 4.What_____you______(do)now? 5.Look.They__________(have)anEnglishlesson.武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n三、句型转换:1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 2.Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n一般将来时一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow(后天)等。二、基本结构:①begoingtodo;②willdo.三、否定句:在be动词(am,is,are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。例如:I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑问句:be或will提到句首,some改为any,and改为or,第一二人称互换。 例如:Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1、问人。Who例如:I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon. 2、问干什么。What…do.例如:Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethis  afternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon. 3、问什么时候。When.例如:She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoing tobed?六、同义句:begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow(明天).=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n练习:填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends. I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。What________________________________________nextMonday?I__________________playbasketball.(同义句3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。_____yourmother_________goshoppingthis_______?Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。Whattime______you______________meet?武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Todayisasunnyday.We__(have)apicnicthisafternoon. 2. Mybrother_________(go)toShanghainextweek. 3.Tomoften______________(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He______________(go)toschoolbybike. 4. Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually________(watch)TVand___________(catch)insects? 5.It’sFridaytoday.What_____she_________(do)thisweekend?She_________(watch)TVand__________(catch)insects.武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n一般过去时1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was(wasnot=wasn’t)⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(werenot=weren’t)3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句:didn’t动词原形,如:Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n动词过去式变化规则:1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:work--worked,2.结尾是e加d,如:live--lived3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-如:stop-stopped4.以“辅音字母y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n5.不规则动词过去式:am、is-was,are-were,do-didsee-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-gotgo-went,come-came,have-had,eat-atetake-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,swim-swam,sit-sat武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n一、 用动词的适当形式填空1.It______(be)Ben’sbirthdaylastFriday. 2.Weall______(have)agoodtimelastnight. 3.He________(jump)highonlastSportsDay. 4.Helen________(milk)acowonFriday. 5.Shelikes______newspapers,butshe_____abookyesterday.(read) 6._______they________(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_____. 7.I_______(watch)acartoononMonday.武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n六、形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习 一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。2.形容词加er的规则: ⑴一般在词尾加er;⑵以字母e结尾,加r; ⑶以1元音字母和1辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er;⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er。武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n3、不规则形容词比较级:good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful二、副词的比较级1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动) ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后 ⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better,far-farther武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级short________ strong______  big_____ small_______   fat_________  thin_________ heavy____  light________   nice________ good_______  beautiful_______________   low_________ high________ slow_______  fast________   late_________ early________ far_________well_______二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式:1.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme. 2.Tomisas________(fat)asJim. 3.Isyoursister__________(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis. 4.Whois___________(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n5.______Nancysing_____(well)thanHelen?Yes,she___. 6.Fangfangisnotas____(tall)astheothergirls.7.Myeyesare__________(big)than_____(she)8.Whogetsup_________(early),TimorTom? 9._____thegirlsgetup______(early)thantheboys?No,they______.武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n三、翻译句子:1、谁比Jim年纪大?是你。_______is_______thanJim?______are 2.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。Ilike___.Allmy____ ____  _____thanme.3、谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?我想是她的。________pencilis_________,______or________?________is,Ithink. 4.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My_____  _____  ______thanmy______.5.多做运动,你会更强壮。____moreexercise,you’ll____ ____soon.武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\nTherebe句型与have,has的区别1、Therebe句型表示:在某地有某人/物2、在therebe句型中,主语是单数,be动词用is;主语是复数,be动词用are;如有几件物品,be动词根据最近be动词的那个名词决定。3、therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。4、therebe句型与have(has)的区别:therebe表示在某地有某人/物;have(has)表示某人拥有某物。武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n5、some和any在therebe句型中的运用some用于肯定,any用于否定句或疑问句。6、and和or在therebe句型中的运用:and用于肯定句,or用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:Howmany+名词复数+arethere+介词短语?Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语?8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:What’s+介词短语武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\nFillintheblankwith“have,has”or“thereis,thereare”1.I________agoodfatherandagoodmother.2.____________atelescopeonthedesk.3.He_________atape-recorder.4.____________abasketballintheplayground.5.She__________somedresses.武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n人称代词和物主代词1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单独使用,后面不带名词。武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n人称代词和物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性Imemymineyouyouyouryourshehimhishissheherherhersitititsitsweusourourstheythemtheirtheirs武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Thatisnot_____kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but____isverybig.  (I)2. Thedressis____.Giveitto_____(she)3. ___ismybrother.___nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare___(he)4. Icanfindmytoy,butwhere’s______?(you)5. Show_________yourkite,OK?(they)武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n用am,is,are填空。1.That______myredskirt.2.Who______I?3.Thejeans______onthedesk.4.Theblackgloves______  forSuYang.5.Thispairofgloves______forYangLing.6.Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme.7.Sometea______intheglass.武大启睿英语课堂讲义资料\n专业成就卓越领航锦绣前程更多精品学习资料请访问周老师的英语博客:http://zhoujingdan.blog.sohu.com/

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