小学英语课件 Notre Dame 44页

\n“Greatbuildings,likegreatmountains,aretheworkofcenturies”…VictorHugo\nContents:GeneralinformationHistoryMainsightseeingsFacadesandgalleriesOrganOthertreasuresAfantasticviewofParis–only400stepsNotreDameinFrenchculture\n\nGeneralInformation:NotreDameCathedralorjustNotreDame,isaGothic,RomanCatholiccathedralontheeasternhalfoftheÎledelaCitéinParis,France.Itisthechurchthathasthecathedra(officialchair)oftheArchbishopofParisandoneofthemostimportantworldwidetreasure-CrownofThorns.NotreDameisconsideredoneofthefinestexamplesofFrenchGothicarchitectureinFranceandinEurope.ThenameNotreDamemeans"OurLady"inFrench\n\nTheHolyCrownofJesusChristwasboughtbyLouisIXfromBaldwin\nHistory:In1163BishopMauricedeSullylaidthefirststoneofNotre-DamdeParisandittookalmost200yearstocompleteit.Accordingtothelegend,BishophadavisionofagloriousnewcathedralforParis.Tobegintheconstruction,hehadseveralhousesdemolishedandbuiltanewroadinordertotransportmaterials.WedonotknowthenameofthefirstmastermasonofNotreDamedeParis.ThetitleofArchitect,comeintouselater.TheConstructionofthechoirtookfrom1163untilaround1177andthenewHighAltarwasconsecratedin1182.By1250theconstructionoftheCathedralwasalmostoverandin1315allworksinsidethebuildingwerealsofinished..\nIn1548,Huguenotsdamagedsomefeaturesofthecathedral,consideringthemidolatrous.ThesamehappenedduringtheFrenchRevolutionwhentheCathedralwasrenamedtotheCultoftheSupremeBeing.Duringthistime,manyofthetreasuresweredestroyedOnSunday2December1804,atNotreDame,CoronationofNapoleonItookplaceTheSecondWorldWarcauseddamagetoo.Severalofthestainedglasswindowswerehitbystraybullets.Butafterthewartheywereremade.In1991,amajorprogramofmaintenanceandrestorationwasinitiated,whichwasintendedtolasttenyears,butisstillinprogress.\n\n\nMainsightseeingofNotreDame:Alltouristswhoenterthecathedralfirstseerichlycarvedfacade,showingthePortaloftheVirgin,PortaloftheLastJudgmentandPortalofSt-Anne.HereyoucanseeinthetympanumChristtheJudgeandonthelintel,theweighingofsouls;andaVirginwithChildinthesacredRomanesqueStyle.\n\n\nWhenyoucomein,youareimpressedbyunforgettableceilingswhosekeystoneis14metersabovetheground.ThishappenedbecauseNotreDamewasamongthefirstbuildingsintheworldtousetheflyingbuttress(archedexteriorsupports).Theyhaveamassiveverticalmasonryblock(thebuttress)ontheoutsideofthebuildingandasegmentalarchbridgingthegapbetweenthatbuttressandthewall.\n\n\n\nAnd,ofcourse,don’tforgetaboutRosewindowswhichareparticularlycharacteristicofGothicarchitectureandmaybeseeninallthemajorGothicCathedralsofNorthernFrance.\nIt’stheonlyoriginalstained-glasswindow-rose,allothersarewell-donecopies,whichweredonelater.\n\nThefirstnoteworthyorganwasfinishedinthe18thcenturybythenotedbuilderFrançois-HenriClicquot.Latertheorganwasalmostcompletelyrebuiltandexpandedinthe19thcentury.ThepositionoftitularorganistatNotre-DameisconsideredoneofthemostprestigiousorganistpostsinFrance.Theorganhas7,800pipes,with900classifiedashistorical.Ithas111stops.InDecember1992,atwoyearrestorationoftheorganwascompletedthatfullycomputerizedit.\n\nBesides,insidethecathedralyoucanseealotofothermasterpieces–wall-paintings,sculpturesandevensmallwoodenandpapermodelsofNotre-Dame.Russiantouristscannoticeicon“MotherandChild”,whichwaspresentedtotheCathedralbyAlekseyII.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nInfrontofNotre-DameyoucanalsoseetheKilometreZero(calledpointzéro)ofFrance.There,abronzestarisembeddedinthepavement,markingthestartofallFrenchnationaltrunkroads.ThebronzestarisconsideredtheofficialcenterofthecityofParis.\nAfantasticviewofParis:400stepsalongtheremarkablespiralstaircaseandyouareontheChimeraGallery.46Metersabovetheground-theviewisexciting!Thegallerygetsitsnamefromthestatuesadorningthecornersofthebalustrade.ThesecreaturesdesignedbyViollet-le-Ducinthe19-thcenturies–arefantasticbirds,hybridbeastsandmythicalmonsters,gargoyles.FromthesouthtowerbelfryyougetintotheroomwherethelargestCathedral’sbellis.It’scalled“Emmanuel”andweighsmorethan13tonesanditsclapper500kilos.ItisonlyrungonmajorCatholicfeastdays.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNotreDameinFrenchcultureWhenwetalkaboutNotre-Damewecan’tforgetaboutthefantasticnovelofVictorHugo“TheHunchbackofNotre-Dame”.Theauthorsethisreconstructionofthebustlinglifeofthe15-thcenturyParisaroundtheCathedral.Healsotookpartinawidespreadcampaignwhichresultedinrestorationworkin1845.\n\nAnd,ofcourse,world-famousNotre-DamedeParis-aFrench-Canadianmusicalwhichdebutedon16September1998inParisandisbaseduponthenovelofHugo\n\n“Eachface,eachstoneofthisvenerablemonumentisnotonlyapageofthehistoryofthecountry,butalsoofthehistoryofknowledgeandart....Timeisthearchitect,thepeoplearethebuilder."—VictorHugo,Notre-DamedeParis.