小学名词语法知识课件 53页

要点考点聚焦flowerflowers找规律NOUN.bookbooks\n可数名词的复数变化规则：1.可数名词复数的规则变化：(1)一般情况加词尾-s，如book-books,desk-desks等。teacher-teachersdoctor–doctors\nwatchesboxesbusesbrushes\n(2)以sh,ch,x,s等结尾的名词，通常加词尾-es：bus-buses,box-boxes,dish-dishes，match-matches（比赛），watch-watches等。\n要点考点聚焦找规律tomatoespotatoesheroesNOUN.negroes\nradiosphotos找规律zoospianosNOUN.\nnegro（黑人）；hero(英雄)-heroes;potato-potatoes；tomato-tomatoes；黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆西红柿radio-radiosphoto-photospiano-pianos3)以“o”结尾，有生命加es,没生命加“s”\nPractice:Therearemany(bus)and(car)onthestreet..Ihavetwo(watch),soIgivea(watch)tomysister.YesterdayIwenttothesupermarketandboughtsome（dish）carsbuseswatcheswatchdishes\nfactoriesbabybabiesfactory\n4)以y结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，将y改为ies；如：city-cities,baby-babies以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词，直接加词尾-s：如：toy/toys,holiday/holidays等。\nleafwolfwolvesleavesknifeknives\n记住以下要把f或者fe改成v加es的单词：5）以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：a.以f,fe结尾变f/fe为v再加es的有：小偷之妻生活难，自己扫叶来做饭；忽见一狼藏架后，取刀把它劈两半。如：thief---thieveswife---wiveslife---livesself—selvesleaf---leaveswolf---wolvesshelf--shelvesknife---kniveshalf---halves重点但roof-roofs(屋顶)是例外！！\nWeneedmore(potato),canyougoandtakesome,please?(Knife)areusedforcuttingthings.Pleaseremembergivethehorsesometree(leaf).potatoesKnivesnewsleaves\n----Howmany_____inthehospital?----30A.mandoctorsB.mendoctorC.mendoctorsD.mandoctor\n名词的考点可数不可数名词名词所有格可数名词变复数不可数名词的使用规则考点：三不规\n不规则的变化:英语中，有些名词的单数与复数同行:例：people、Chinese、Japanese、policefish、deer（鹿）、sheep（绵羊）(中国人和日本人都喜欢绵羊，鹿和鱼）e.g:Therearemanyfishintheriver.Wehaveafishforlunch.\ndeersheepdeer，sheep，fish，li，jin，yuan,mu,Japanese,Chinese等的单复数同形.Yuan\ndollarsmeterspounds\n(7)单词中有oo的变复数时把oo变成eetooth/teeth牙齿foot/feet脚goose/geese鹅\n注意：1、一些以man,woman结尾的合成词，在构成复数时与man,woman的变化形式相同，如：policeman/policemen(警察)，Police单复同形Englishman/Englishmen(英国人)，Frenchman/Frenchmen(法国人)German/Germans\n“某国人”的复数有三种类型：Chinese、Japanese的单复数同型，不需要加“s”;Englishman、Frenchman，复数要把“man”变为“men”；注意：German是Germans!!!3.其他各国人以an、ian结尾的均直接加“s”:如Americans、Australians、Indians\n国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德国人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes\n名词复数的不规则变化有的名词单数变复数时，没有一定的规则，需特别记忆：man/men男人woman/women女人child/children小孩mouse/mice老鼠ox/oxen公牛\n不规则变化child--childrenwoman--womenman--mengoose--geeseNOUN.mouse--micefoot--feet\n注意:复合名词变复数通常是将其主要名词变为复数：passer-by/passers-by过路人looker-on/lookers-on旁观者girlstudentsboyplayers若没有主要名词，则通常在最后一个词尾加s：\n注意：与man、woman两个词组成的复合词，名词本身和这个词都要变成复数。如：Womandoctor/womendoctorsManworker/menworkersMandriver/mendriversgirlstudent/girlstudentsboyplayer/boyplayers\n与众不同NOUN.scissorsshoespantsglasseschopsticks这样的名词只有复数形式\n不可数名词{常见的不可数名词１.drink---coffee,milk,tea…2.food---rice,bread,meat…porridge,tofu,…3.sugar,salt,pepper,butter…4.weather---rain,snow,ice,cloud,wind…5.cotton,silk,wool,mental,paper,wood,glass,plastic6.English,Chinese,Japanese,French,German…7.history,maths,science,physics,biology,PE,music,art8.help,confidence,courage,success,danger,safe9.work,homework,teamwork,news,money,advice…物质名词(如：water水)抽象名词(如:happiness幸福)\n不可数名词数量的表达法：通过改变量词形式的方法来表示不可数名词的量abottleofmilk---twobottlesofmilkapieceofmeat---threepiecesofmeat不可数名词没有复数形式可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达可数名词不可数名词一些some/anysome/anyfew/afewlittle/alittle许多alotof/lotsof/plentyofalotof/lotsof/plentyofmanymuch\nabottleofjuiceaglassoforangetwoboxesofmilk不可数名词NOUN.\n既可做不可数名词，又可做可数名词的：不可数名词可数名词paper纸apaperglass玻璃aglassiron铁aironroom空间aroomchicken鸡肉achickenbeauty美abeauty一张报纸一个玻璃杯一个熨斗一个房间一只小鸡一个美人\n名词的所有格\n名词的所有格单数的名词所有格Mike’sbagtheboy’sknife2.在词尾有-S的复数名词所有格,只在词尾加’,读音与名词变复数同thestudents’bookstheteachers’office3.不规则名词复数的所有格,即词尾不是以-s结尾的单词,在词后加’s,如:Women’sDaymen’sclothesshop4.如果事物为2人或2人以上共同所有，在最后一个名词后加-’s;珍妮和海伦的房间JennyandHelen’sroomJenny’sandHelen’srooms5.如果事物不是2人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的,则在2个名词后都加-’s珍妮的房间和海伦的房间1.有生命的东西所有格用’s的形式\n8.无生命的东西一般用“of+名词”的形式表示其所有格thedooroftheroomthewallofthepark6.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生命的东西，也可以加-‘s构成所有格2小时路程北京最好的公园今日报纸车站休息室twohours’walkBeijing’sbestparktoday’snewspaperthestation’swaiting-roomatmyuncle’s=atmyuncle’shomeatatailor’s=atatailor’sshop9.表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格asilkhatcottonclothacoffeecup7.表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格后面的名词（3）双重所有格afriendofmyfather’s\nmyteacher’sofficestudents’exercisebooksChildren’sPalacetoday’snewspaper15minutes’walk=a15-minutewalkatthebutcher’s=atthebutcher’sshoptoTom’s=toTom’shouse1我老师的办公室2学生们的练习本3少年宫4今天的报纸5十五分钟的路程6在肉店7到汤姆家去名词的所有格Practice\n8广东的省会9教室的门10我父亲的一个朋友11他的两个兄弟12爱迪生的一些发明thecapitalofGuangdongthedoorsoftheclassroomafriendofmyfather(’s)twobrothersofhissomeinventionsofEdison’s\n主谓一致当class,family,team,group,public等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。e.gTheclassarewaitingforher.Tom’sfamily_____ratherbig.Tom’sfamily_________filmfans.isare2.news,maths,politics表示单数意义，动词用单数。e.gThenewsmakesherveryhappy.Maths___noteasyforhim.is\n3.像chopsticks,shoes,glasses,trousers等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。e.gTheshoesarehers.但是:Apairofglasses_____onthetable.Twopairsofglasses______onthetable.isare4.police,people(人们),youth(青年们)只有单数形式，但表示复数意义，动词用复数。e.gThepolicearegatheringinthestreet.TheChinesepeople_____peace.love但是:people当“民族”，youth当“男青年”讲时，有单复数之分e.gHeisayouthof20.ManyEnglish-speakingpeoples_____thisbook.like\n5.像deer、sheep等单复同形的词，动词单复根据具体情况定e.gAdeerisoverthereinthefield.Agroupofdeer______overthereinthefield.are6.Thepoetandmusician______attheparty.Thesingeranddancer_____justarrived.Thebreadandthebutter_______ready.Breadandbutter____herusualbreakfast.涂了黄油的面包washasareis\n8.Both…and…的谓语动词用复数形式。e.g.Bothheandhisfather________there.were7.采取就近一致原则的句型结构：Therebe…e.g.There___abookandtwoapplesonthedesk.notonly…butalso…e.gNotonlyyoubutalsohe___right.either…ore.gEitherheorI____wrong.neither…nore.gNeithershenorI_____right.isisamam表示时间、距离、金额、度量、书名、国名等的复数名词，看作整体，动词用单数。e.gEighthoursofsleep_____enoughforyou.Tendollars_____toomuchtopay.isis\n10.each+单数名词+and+each+单数名词every+单数名词+and+every+单数名词no+单数名词+and+no+单数名词eachof+复数名词oneof+复数名词manya+单数名词every/each+单数名词+and+单数名词等结构做主语时，动词用单数。e.g.Eachboyandeachgirl______seenthefilm.Noteacherandnostudent_____comeyet.Everyknife,fork,andspoon____tobebought.Eachofthestudents______adictionary.hashashashas\n名词的变化\n看我“七十二变”friendfriendlylovelovely常具有赞美的意味carehelpcolorfulNOUN.\ncloudsunwindrainhealthy表示充满……的dangerous具有……的性质carehopeless没有……的\nwood---woodenwool---woolenChina---ChineseChineseJapan---JapaneseJapaneseAustralia---AustralianEnglish形容词\n练习：说出下列单词的单数或复数形式friendcattreessquestionsskeystoysphotostomatoespotatoesleaf/leaveszoosradiosholidaysbaby/babiescity/citiesroofsbusesboxes\n指点迷津Tenyears______(is,are)shorttimeforme.Apairofshoes______(is,are)underthebed.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool_____(is,are)2,000.Thewomanwithtwochildren______(is,are)cominghere.NeitherhenorI_____(are,am)anAmerican.isisisisamNOUN.\n指点迷津6.Maths______(are,is)hardtolearnfortheboy.7.Theyareall_______________(woman,teachers;womenteachers).8.ThepopulationofChina_______(are,is)over1,300,000,000.9.Therearemany______(peoples,people)inthestreetinsummer.10.Oneofthestudents______(have,has)gonetoShanghai.isiswomenteacherspeoplehasNOUN.\n1.Several_____aretalking underthetree．Andtheyare______.A．woman;childrenB．woman;childC．women;children2.—Howfarisyourschoolfromhere？—Notveryfar．It'sabouttwentywalk.A．minute's B．minutes C．minutes'3.Therearethreeinmyfamily.A.peopleB.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.educationB.informationC.science5.Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJane’sC.Ann’sandJane’s典型例题解析CCAABNOUN.\n()6.Thisisnotmycap,butmy_______.A.brothersB.brother’sC.brothers’D.brother()7.Theywritemostoftheir_______inEnglish.A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters()8._____are____forcuttingthings.A.Knife,usedB.Knives,usingC.Knife,usingD.Knives,used()9.Johnbought_____forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoe C.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes()10.Excuseme,whereisthe______?A.men'sroomB.mens'roomC.men'sroomsD.menroomsBBDAANOUN.\n典型例题解析TheBrownsisgoingtovisitChina.()TheBrownsaregoingtovisitChina.()Theyoungisdancingthere.()Theyoungaredancingthere.()Physicsareverydifficulttolearn.()Physicsisverydifficulttolearn.()WehavefiveGermeninthismeeting.()WehavefiveGermansinthismeeting.()ThisisoneoftheEnglish-Chinesedictionary.()ThisisoneoftheEnglish-Chinesedictionaries.()√√√√√ⅩⅩⅩⅩⅩNOUN.\n()1.Pleasegiveme______paper. A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof()2.Thistableismadeof_______.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass()3.Billrunsfast.Hewonthe _____800-metreraceyesterday.A．boysB．boys’C．boyD．boy‘s.()4.Some______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies()5.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______. A.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxesC.sheep;foxesD.sheep;foxs课时训练DDBAC选择填空：NOUN.\n根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_____.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthsNOUN.