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  • 2022-06-14 发布

小学英语语法复习汇总课件

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小学英语语法复习汇总\n分类冠词名词代词形容词副词数词介词Can句型Therebe句型动词时态\n一、冠词1、基本用法:不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目观念,只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者,表示“这”,“那”,“这些”,“那些”的意思,在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词a或an,表示泛指。再次提到某人或某物时,用定冠词the,特指上文提到的人、事或物。如:Thereisapenandapencilinmypencil-case.Thepenisredandthepencilisblack.不定冠词:a,an定冠词:the\n2、A与an的用法区别:a用于辅音音素前(辅音音素指的是发音,不是指辅音字母),如:auniversitystudent而an则用于元音音素前(不是元音字母),如:anegg,anorange,anonion.1)[i:]sea2)[i]sit3)[e]bed4)[ae]bad5)[a:]car6)[כ]hot,want7)[כ:]door8)[u:]good9)[u]look10)[∧]cup11)[ə:]girl12)[ə]Saturday13)[ei]cake14)[ai]bike15)[əu]cold16)[au]house17)[כi]boy18)[iə]dear19)[ə]care20)[uə]tour\n3、定冠词与零冠词的用法区别:在序数词和形容词的最高级前面用the,如:Thelibraryisonthefirstfloor.Summeristhehottestseasonoftheyear.在乐器名词前用the,表示演奏,如:playthepiano,playtheviolin,playtheguitar等。在球类、三餐前通常不用冠词,如:playfootball,playbaseball,eatlunch,eatdinner等。在月份、星期、季节等名词的前面通常不用冠词,如:inJan.,onMonday,insummer等。\nExercise:Gilbertis________Italiantaxidriver.2.Sheis_______housewife.3.I'm________English.4.He's________Americanpoliceman.5.Helikes______bookinhisshelf.6.Robertis________engineer.7.Heisplaying________violin.8.Heisplaying______football.9.Sophieison________secondfloor.10.Shewillcomebackon____Monday.\n二、名词可数名词和不可数名词变化规则例词一般情况下在词尾加-sbook---bookspen---pens以-s/-x/-ch/-sh结尾的名词在词尾加-esbox---boxesbus---buses以辅音字母加-y结尾的单词,要变y为i,再加-esfamily---familiesbaby---babies(以元音字母加-y结尾的单词直接加-s:boy---boyskey---keys)以f或fe结尾的词,多数把f或fe变为v,再加-esleaf---leaves knife---knives以o结尾的词,有生命的加-es,无生命的加-stomato---tomatoes potato---potatoeszoo--zoosphoto---photos名词复数形式的规则变化:\n名词复数形式的特殊变化:1.改变中间元音字母,如:man---men woman---womenfoot---feet goose---geesetooth---teeth2.词尾发生变化,如:child---children3.单、复数形式相同,如:fish---fish,sheep---sheep,deer---deer\n名词所有格(1)表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式,一般用’s表示。一般在单数名词的词尾加’s,如:ChenJie’smother.以s结尾的复数名词只加’,不以s结尾的复数名词要加’s,如:Thestudents’bagsThechildren’spresents(2)表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人名字后加’s,如果表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后加’s。如:JimandMike'sroom(共用)的房间,Jim'sandMike'srooms(各自)的房间(3)表示无生命的事物的所有格形式:名词+of+所有者,如:apictureofmyroom\n写出下列各词的复数I____him____this_____her______child_____photo____diary____day_____foot____book____dress_____tooth_______sheep______box_____peach______man_____woman_____paper_______ juice______water________milk_______wethemthesetheirchildrenphotosfeetbooksdressesdiariesdayssheepboxespeachesmenwomenjuicepapermilkwaterteethThisis_______________class.(Amy和Mike的)Theyare_______________classes.女人的裙子:_____________警察的的帽子:____________\n三、代词格人称数主格宾格单数第一人称Ime第二人称youyou第三人称hehimsheheritit复数第一人称weus第二人称youyou第三人称theythem人称代词人称代词物主代词指示代词Heistallerthanme.Herhairislongerthanmine.myhair\n形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别:Herhairislongerthanmine.myhair有名则形,无名则名。如果名词前用了形容词性物主代词,就不能再用冠词(a,an,the)、指示代词(this,that,these,those)等修饰词了。例如:这是他的书桌。Thisishisdesk.\n与形容词一起修饰名词时,形容词性物主代词要放在形容词的前面。如:hisEnglishbooks他的英语书,theirChinesefriends他们的中国朋友。It'sabird.ItsnameisPolly.它是一只鸟。它的名字叫波利。He'sastudent.Hismotherisateacher.\n三、代词格人称数主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数第一人称Imemymine第二人称youyouyouryours第三人称hehimhishissheherherhersitititsits复数第一人称weusourours第二人称youyouyouryours第三人称theythemtheirtheirs物主代词\nthis/these指空间上较近的事物;that/those指空间上较远的事物。指示代词\nExercise:从括号内选择正确的代词填空1.Yourfootballclothesareonthedesk.Pleaseput_________(they,them,their,theirs)away.2.(We,Us,Our,Ours)_________EnglishteacherisMrs.Green.Wealllike_________(she,her,hers).3.(I,Me,My,Mine)_________can’tgetmykite.Couldyouhelp_________(I,me,my,mine)?4.Tomcan’tgetdownfromthetree.Canyouhelp_________(he,him,his)?5.Wecan’tfindourbikes.Canyouhelp_________(we,us,our,ours)?6.______(This,these)are_________(he,him,his)planes.Thewhiteonesare_________(I,me,mine).\n四、形容词和副词1、形容词的比较级:A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B形容词比较级的变化规则:①一般在词尾加-er,如:tall--taller,strong--stronger.②以不发音的e结尾时加-r,如:fine--finer,late--later.③以辅音字母加-y结尾时,先改y为i再加-er,如:funny--funnier,heavy--heavier.④以重读闭音节结尾并且词末只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的字母再加-er,如:big--bigger,thin--thinner,hot--hotterYouaretallerthanyourmother.\n2.副词可以分为:时间副词,如:now,yesterday,today等;频度副词,如:often,usually,never,sometimes,always等;程度副词,如:very,too,much,so等。Yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago,lastMonday,lastweekend,lastnight,lastmonth,lastyear,justnow,onmyholiday,yesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening/.\n1.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme.2.Tomisas________(fat)asJim.3.Isyoursister__________(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.4.Whois___________(thin),youorHelen?5.Mary’shairisas__________(long)asLucy’s.7.Ben______(jump)________(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.6.Myeyesare__________(big)than________(she)..7.Whichis___________(heavy),theelephantorthepig?8.Whogetsup_________(early),TimorTom?\n基数词:表示数目(多少)的数词。OneTwoThreeFourFiveSixSevenEightNineTenElevenTwelveThirteenFourteenFifteenSixteenSeventeenEighteenNineteenTwentyTwenty-oneTwenty-twoThirtyFortyFiftySixtySeventyEightyNinetyAhundred年龄和时间的表达用基数词。五、数词\nLearnthesenumbersandfindouttherules:一起找规律1stfirst2ndsecond3rdthird4thfourth5th6th7th8theighth9thninth10thfifthsixthseventhtenth11theleventh12thtwelfth13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20thtwentieththirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenth21sttwenty-first22ndtwenty-second23rdtwenty-third24th25th26th27th28th29th30ththirtieth31stthirty-firsttwenty-fourthtwenty-fifthtwenty-sixthtwenty-seventhtwenty-eighthtwenty-ninth注意:序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词the。日期用序数词表示,前面可加the,也可以省略。\n基变序,有规律,一、二、三单独记。-th,四加起,八去t来、九去e。遇到ve,f替,-ty变为tie,后跟th莫迟疑。若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。\n1、把下列基数词变为序数词。two_three_nine_twelve_twenty_eight_five_thirty-one_secondthirdninthtwelfthtwentietheighth2、按要求变换句子。1、MybirthdayisonAugustfourth(对划线部分提问)isbirthday?2、Nickisthirteen(提问)_________________isNick?3、MybirthdayisonJanuary10th.(一般疑问句并做否定回答)____________birthdayonJanuary10th?No,_____________WhenyourHowoldIsyourfifththirty-firstitisn’t能力训练\n‹日期/时间›‹页脚›MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursday序数词:SundayFridaySaturday1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7thaweekMonth?\nSaythemonthsJanuary['dænjuəri]February['februəri]March[mɑ:tʃ]April['eiprəl]May[mei]June[dʒu:n]写出下列月份的简写:\nJuly[dʒu:'lai]August['ɔ:gəst]September[sep'tembə]October[ɔk'təubə]November[nəu'vembə]December[di'sembə]\nSpringFestival(春节)isin_________or_______.TreePlantingDay(植树节)isin_______.Mother’sDayisin______.NationalDay(国庆节)isin________.Teachers’Dayisin____________.JanuaryFebruaryMarchMayOctoberSeptemberChristmasDay(圣诞节)isin_________.AprilFool’sDay(愚人节)isin________.Children’sDay(儿童节)isin________.Studentshavesummerholiday(暑假)in_____and_____.Thanksgiving(感恩节)isin_________.DecemberAprilJuneJuneJulyNovember你知道这些节日吗?\n2、年月日的表达句型:Whenisyourbirthday/NewYear’sDay/…?What’sthedate?年:先读前两位,再读后两位,用基数词表示。in1973月:缩写形式,首字母要大写。inSept.*日:一般用序数词表示。onJunethefirst,2013(onJune1st,2013)\n3、时间的表达直接读出数字,先读小时,再读分钟半点或半点以内,用past:7:05fivepastseven超过半小时,接近整点时,用to:4:50tentofive一刻钟用aquarter:9:15aquarterpastnine他7:45到达学校。Hegetstoschoolataquatertonine.\n六、介词1、时间介词:at,in,on,before,after,...at,in,on在表示时间时的区别:年用in,月用in,季节前面也用in,上午下午还用in.日子前面要用on,若是遇到了时刻,就用at加前面。2、方位介词:on,in,under,behind,infrontof,near,over.on,over在表示位置上的区别:on表示在上面,强调两个物体相接触。如:Thereisabookonthedesk.over表示垂直在上的正上方,两个物体表面没有接触。如:Thereisabridgeovertheriver.\n七、Can句型(一)基本用法:1.表示体力或脑力方面的能力,意为“能;会”等。例如:Icandothedishes.Icanswim.2.表示请求或允许,多用在口语中,意为“可以;能”等。用于疑问句中用来提出要求,用于否定句表示不允许。例如:Can I help you? You can’t play basketball.Can you...?“请你……好吗?”表示说话人的请求;Can I...?“我可以……吗?”用来征求对方是否允许自己做某事。如:CanIwearmyT-shirttoday?\n句式构成与变化肯定句主语+can+动词原形+其它如:Icanplaythepiano.否定句主语+can’t+动词原形+其它如:Ican’tplaythepiano.一般疑问句Can+主语+动词原形+其它?如:Canyouplaythepiano?Yes,Ican./No,Ican’t.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+can开头的一般疑问句?如:Whatcanyoudo?HowcanIgettothepark?(二)基本句式:\nExercise:一、改错。()1Wecanhelpshe.________()2Shecan’twashestheclothes.__________()3Whatcanthecatdoes?____________()4Canyoueatthosebeef?No,Ican._________二、填空。She__________________________(不会打扫房间).Mymother________cookthemeals.(我妈妈会做饭)。(她姐姐会说英语。)Hersister_______speakEnglish.5(你会唱歌吗?)____________sing?\n八、Therebe结构意义:表示在某地有某物(或人)主语是单数,be动词用is;主语是复数,be动词用are;如果有几件物品,be动词根据最接近be的那个名词决定,简称“就近原则”。如:Thereisapencil-caseandthreebooksinmyschoolbag.Therearethreebooksandapencil-caseinmyschoolbag.句式:否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词放句首。与have(has)的区别:therebe表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人拥有某物,二者不能同时出现在句子中。some和any在therebe句型中的运用:some用于肯定句,any用于否定句或疑问句。\n用恰当的be动词填空。1、Therealotofsweetsinthebox.2、Theresomemilkintheglass. 3、Theresomepeopleunderthethebigtree.4、Thereapictureand4mapsonthewall.5、Therelotsofflowersinourgardenlastyear.6、Thereatinofchickenbehindthefridgeyesterday.7、Therefourcupsofcoffeeonthetable.(  )8.There___not____milkinthecuponthetable.A.are,many  B.are,much   C.is,many    D.is,much\n变化规则举例一般情况在动词词尾加-splay—playssing-sings以ch,sh,s,x结尾的动词后加-esteach—teacheswash—washes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-esfly—fliesstudy--studies第三人称单数变化规则:九、动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式\n现在分词变化规则:变化规则举例一般情况直接加-inggo—goingjump—jumping以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e加-ingwrite—writingcome—coming以重读闭音节结尾并且词末只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ingrun—runningswim--swimming\n过去式变化规则:变化规则举例一般在词尾直接加-edplay—playedclean—cleaned以不发音的e结尾直接加-dlive—liveddance--danced以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-edstudy—studied以重读闭音节结尾并且词末只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后一个辅音字母再加-edstop--stopped\n规则动词:1.一般在动词末尾加-ed:playwatchwashcleanvisitcookwalkjumpreturnlearnclimbskirowrelax完整记忆版:\n2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasteddance-danced,prepare-prepared3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped,trip-tripped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied\n不规则动词单独记:do—did,go—went,read—read,sing-sang,eat—ate,take—took,have—had,buy—bought,see—saw,get-got,is—was,are—were,leave—left,swim—swam,fly—flew,come—came\n补充:不规则动词的过去式(认知版)do-didam/is-wasare-werehave-hadread–readput--putwrite--wrotebuy-boughtgo-wentwin-woneat-ateswim-swamsee-sawsing-sangtake-tooksay—saidget---gotcome--camerun--ranmake--madefly--flewdraw--drew\n十、时态(一)意义:表示经常发生的事情、动作或存在的状态(二)构成及变化:1、一般现在时Be动词的变化肯定句主语+be(am,is,are)+其它如:Heismymathteacher.否定句主语+be+not+其它如:Heisnotmymathteacher.一般疑问句Be+主语+其它?如:Isheyourmathteacher?Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.特殊疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句?如:Whoisyourmathteacher?(表1)\n行为动词的变化当主语为第一、二人称及复数时,助动词为do肯定句主语+动词原形(+其它)如:Weoftenplayfootballontheweekend.否定句主语+don’t+动词原形(+其它)如:wedon’tplayfootballontheweekend.一般疑问句Do+主语+动词原形+其它?如:Doyouoftenplayfootballontheweekend?Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句?如:Whatdoyouoftendoontheweekend?(表2)1、一般现在时\n行为动词的变化当主语为第三人称单数时,助动词为does肯定句主语+动词三单形式(+其它)。如:HelivesinBeijing.否定句主语+doesn’t+动词原形(+其它)。如:Hedoesn’tliveinBeijing.一般疑问句Does+主语+动词原形+其它?如:DoesheliveinBeijing?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句?如:Wheredoeshelive?(表3)1、一般现在时\n(三)时间标志:常与频度副词连用,如:always,usually,often,sometimes,never…1、一般现在时\n(一)意义:当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。(二)构成:be动词(am,is,are)+动词-ing形式(三)时间标志:now,句前一般有look,listen等词。十、时态2、现在进行时\n肯定句主语+be+动词-ing+其他.如:I’mreadingabook.否定句主语+be+not+动词-ing+其他.如:I’mnotreadingabook.一般疑问句Be+主语+动词-ing+其他?如:Areyoureadingabook?Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?如:Whatareyoudoing?\n(一)意义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来某个时间经常或重复发生的动作。(二)构成:begoingto+动词原形:表示打算、计划、准备做的事或可能将要发生的事情。will+动词原形:表示将要发生的动作或情况,没有太多的计划性,还用来表示意愿。(三)时间标志:常与表示将来的时间状语连用:tomorrow,soon,nextweek/month/year,thismorning/afternoon/evening…十、时态3、一般将来时\nbegoingto+动词原形肯定句主语+be(am/is/are)goingto+动词原形+将来时间I’mgoingtoreadamagazinethisevening.否定句主语+benotgoingto+动词原形+将来时间.Iamnotgoingtoreadamagazinethisevening.一般疑问句Be(am/is/are)+主语+goingto+动词原形+其它?Areyougoingtoreadamagazinethisevening?Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?Whatareyougoingtodothisevening?注意:begoingto结构后面习惯上不跟go,come等表位移的动词,一般用该动词的进行时形式表示将来。如:I’mgoingtothebookstoreafterschool.He’scomingtoChinanextweek.3、一般将来时\nwill+动词原形肯定句主语+will+动词原形+其它.如:Hewillcomebacktomorrow.否定句主语+will+not+动词原形+其它.如:Hewon’tcomebacktomorrow.一般疑问句Will+主语+动词原形+其它?如:Willhecomebacktomorrow?Yes,hewill./No,hewon’t.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?如:Whenwillhecomeback?3、一般将来时\n(一)意义:表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态。(二)构成:由be动词、行为动词的过去式构成。(三)时间标志:常与表示过去的时间状语连用:yesterday,yesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening/…,lastnight/week/month/year…,amomentago,aweekago,threeyearsago,justnow…十、时态4、一般过去时\nBe动词的变化行为动词的变化am和is在一般过去时中变为was;are在一般过去时中变为were.否定句在was或were后加not;一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。肯定句主语+动词的过去式.如:IwatchedTV.否定句主语+didn’t+动词原形.如:Ididn’twatchTV.一般疑问句Did+主语+动词原形?如:DidyouwatchTV?Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.特殊疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句?Whatdidyoudo?4、一般过去时\n英语句子万万千,总结时态不算难,现在进行最简单,be动词后小跟班(ing),Begoingto是一家,打算做啥要用它,一般现在时好记,不是三单用自己(动词原形),看见三单要仔细,s/es不能乱代替。句中动词有ed,肯定就是说过去,时态一定得熟知,特殊形式特殊记。区分时态顺口溜:

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