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小学英语语法\n1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“辅音字母y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries名词复数规则\n4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knivesleaf——leaves5.不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,child-children;foot-feet;tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese\n写出下列各词的复数I_____him______this_______her_____watch___child____photo______diary_____day______foot_____book_____dress____tooth____sheep____box_____strawberry__thief_____you_____peach___sandwich___man_____woman___paper_____juice_____water_____milk______rice______tea______\n一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:Igetupatsixeveryday.我天天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如:Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时\n一般现在时的构成1.be动词:主语be(am,is,are)其它。如:Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词:主语行为动词(其它)。如:WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”如:MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。\n一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。否定句:主语benot其它。如:Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be主语其它。如:-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑问句:疑问词一般疑问句。如:Whereismybike?讲义共享\n2.行为动词的变化。否定句:主语don‘t(doesn’t)动词原形(其它)。如:Idon'tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数,用doesn‘t构成否定句如:Hedoesn'toftenplay.一般疑问句:Do(Does)主语动词原形其它。如-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.当主语为第三人称单数,要用does构成一般疑问句-如-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.\n动词s的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3.以“辅音字母y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如study-studies\n一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink______go_______stay____make______look______have_______pass_____carry____二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?6._______yourparents______(read)newspaperseveryday?7.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.8.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.\n三、按照要求改写句子1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)________________________________________________________3.Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)___________________________ 4.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________五、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)1.Is yourbrotherspeakEnglish? __________________2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing? _________________3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass. _________________4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish. __________________5.Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays._______________\n现在进行时1、现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2、现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be动词ing.3、现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4、现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5、现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词+be动词+主语+doing+其它?但疑问词当主语时其结构为:疑问词+be动词+doing+其它?\n动词加ing的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making,taste-tasting3.假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing如:run-running,stop-stopping\n现在进行时专项练习:一、写出下列动词的现在分词:run_______swim_______make______begin______go________like________ write______shop______have______sing ______dance______put________see_______love_______live_______take________come_____ get_______stop_______sit________二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:1.Theboy_________________(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls_____(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother________(cook)somenicefood now.4.What_____you______(do)now?5.Look.They__________(have)anEnglishlesson.\n三、句型转换:1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\n一般将来时一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow(后天)等。二、基本结构:①begoingtodo;②willdo.三、否定句:在be动词(am,is,are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。例如:I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑问句:be或will提到句首,some改为any,and改为or,第一二人称互换。例如:Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend\n五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1、问人。Who例如:I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon.2、问干什么。What…do.例如:Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethis afternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.3、问什么时候。When.例如:She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoing tobed?六、同义句:begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow(明天).=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.\n练习:填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。What________________________________________nextMonday?I__________________playbasketball.(同义句3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。_____yourmother_________goshoppingthis_______?Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。Whattime______you______________meet?\n用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Todayisasunnyday.We__(have)apicnicthisafternoon.2. Mybrother_________(go)toShanghainextweek.3.Tomoften______________(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He______________(go)toschoolbybike.4. Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually________(watch)TVand___________(catch)insects?5.It’sFridaytoday.What_____she_________(do)thisweekend?She_________(watch)TVand__________(catch)insects.\n一般过去时1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was(wasnot=wasn’t)⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(werenot=weren’t)3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句:didn’t动词原形,如:Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.\n动词过去式变化规则:1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:work--worked,2.结尾是e加d,如:live--lived3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-如:stop-stopped4.以“辅音字母y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied\n5.不规则动词过去式:am、is-was,are-were,do-didsee-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-gotgo-went,come-came,have-had,eat-atetake-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,swim-swam,sit-sat\n一、 用动词的适当形式填空1.It______(be)Ben’sbirthdaylastFriday.2.Weall______(have)agoodtimelastnight.3.He________(jump)highonlastSportsDay.4.Helen________(milk)acowonFriday.5.Shelikes______newspapers,butshe_____abookyesterday.(read)6._______they________(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_____.7.I_______(watch)acartoononMonday.\n六、形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。2.形容词加er的规则:⑴一般在词尾加er;⑵以字母e结尾,加r;⑶以1元音字母和1辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er;⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er。\n3、不规则形容词比较级:good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful二、副词的比较级1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better,far-farther\n一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级short________ strong______ big_____ small_______ fat_________ thin_________ heavy____ light________ nice________ good_______ beautiful_______________ low_________ high________ slow_______ fast________ late_________ early________ far_________well_______二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式:1.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme.2.Tomisas________(fat)asJim.3.Isyoursister__________(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.4.Whois___________(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.\n5.______Nancysing_____(well)thanHelen?Yes,she___.6.Fangfangisnotas____(tall)astheothergirls.7.Myeyesare__________(big)than_____(she)8.Whogetsup_________(early),TimorTom?9._____thegirlsgetup______(early)thantheboys?No,they______.\n三、翻译句子:1、谁比Jim年纪大?是你。_______is_______thanJim?______are2.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。Ilike___.Allmy____ ____ _____thanme.3、谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?我想是她的。________pencilis_________,______or________?________is,Ithink.4.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My_____ _____ ______thanmy______.5.多做运动,你会更强壮。____moreexercise,you’ll____ ____soon.\nTherebe句型与have,has的区别1、Therebe句型表示:在某地有某人/物2、在therebe句型中,主语是单数,be动词用is;主语是复数,be动词用are;如有几件物品,be动词根据最近be动词的那个名词决定。3、therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。4、therebe句型与have(has)的区别:therebe表示在某地有某人/物;have(has)表示某人拥有某物。\n5、some和any在therebe句型中的运用some用于肯定,any用于否定句或疑问句。6、and和or在therebe句型中的运用:and用于肯定句,or用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:Howmany+名词复数+arethere+介词短语?Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语?8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:What’s+介词短语\nFillintheblankwith“have,has”or“thereis,thereare”1.I________agoodfatherandagoodmother.2.____________atelescopeonthedesk.3.He_________atape-recorder.4.____________abasketballintheplayground.5.She__________somedresses.\n人称代词和物主代词1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单独使用,后面不带名词。\n人称代词和物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性Imemymineyouyouyouryourshehimhishissheherherhersitititsitsweusourourstheythemtheirtheirs\n用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Thatisnot_____kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but____isverybig. (I)2. Thedressis____.Giveitto_____(she)3. ___ismybrother.___nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare___(he)4. Icanfindmytoy,butwhere’s______?(you)5. Show_________yourkite,OK?(they)\n用am,is,are填空。1.That______myredskirt.2.Who______I?3.Thejeans______onthedesk.4.Theblackgloves______ forSuYang.5.Thispairofgloves______forYangLing.6.Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme.7.Sometea______intheglass.