小学英语名词、数词专项练习题 10页

10名词语法和练习题1.定义名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book,sadness^。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。2.名词复数的规则变化（情况，构成方法，读音，例词）a.一般情况在名词后加-s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags/car-carsb.以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的名词加-es读/iz/bus-buses/watch-watches/brush-brushes/box-boxesc.以ce,se,ze等结尾力口-s读/iz/license-licensesd.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把变y为i再加es读/z/baby---babiese.以o结尾的名词，变复数时：1).力口s,如：photo---photospiano---pianosradio---radioszoo---zoos；tomato--tomatoes2).力口es,女口：potato-potatoes10\n2).上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero---zeros/zeroesd.以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：1).力口s,如：belief-beliefsroof---roofssafe---safesgulf---gulfs2).去f,fe加ves,如：half-halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves3).上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves1.名词复数的不规则变化1）child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---women注意：由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women,如anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是theBowmans。2）单复同形，如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,yuan等。2.名词所有格1）在英语中有些名词可以加“'s”来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，例如：Where'sLinTao'sbike?#涛的自行车在哪？2）如果原词已经有复数词尾-s,则仅仅加一个“'”，例如：teachersoffice老师的办公室3）如果是复数，但不带词尾-s,则仍然加“‘s"，例如：thosemenshats那些男士的帽子4）如果表示各自的所有关系时，名词末尾均需加“’s”，例如：Jim’sandKate’sglasses吉姆和凯特各自的眼镜5）如果表示共同的所有关系时，仅在最后一词的末尾加“'s"，例如：JimandKateskite吉姆和凯特的风筝（两个人共同拥有的）6）如果表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格后面常常不出现它所10\n修饰的名词，例如：ShallwegotoMeimei'sforsupper我们一起到梅梅家去吃饭，好吗？7）没有生命的名词所有格用of,例如：Thisisaphotoofmyfamily.这是我家的一张全家福。练习题一.圈出下列单词中的不可数名词peachinkwaterzoosistercoffeeknifesnowiceteaorangefridgejeeprainwindcarteachermusicearcolawatermeloncherry二.写出下列名词的复数形式1.watch2.class3.shelf4.dog5.dish6.child7.nurse8.desk9.boy10.baby11.tooth12.eye13.sheep14.tomato15.library16.goose17.photo18.telephone三.填入所给名词的适当形式1.Wehavethree(pen).2.Thisisan(apple).3.Whereisthe(pencil)?4.Thereisalittleinthebottle(juice).5.Areyoua(driver)?Yes,Iam.6.Thereareafew(watch)onthedesk.7.Many(shelf)areinourschoollibrary.8.Hehassome(ink).9.The(girl)inredisMary.10.Howmany(people)arethereinyourfamily?Three.四.将下列名词按所给例词的词义属性归类schoolpineapplepandajacketpeachcatpenlibraryhattrousersrulerclassroomlemondresstigerplaygroundinkerasershirtelephantballpoint-pencomputerroomdeerpencil-casesnakeshortssocks1.pencil2.banana3.coat4.wolf5.schoolbuilding五、选择题()1.Thereisonthetable.b)PlateB.aplateC.plates()2.Icanseemanyinthegarden.A.flowersB.aflowerC.flowers10\n()3.Theonthehillsareallwhite.A.sheepB.sheeps()4.Thesenewareforyou.A.skirtB.shoe()5.TheclockhasthreeA.legsB.leg()6.Theyarenotinthesame.A.classB.classes()7.Isthisyour?A.akeyB.keys()8.Theyarehaving.A.aclassB.Englishclass()9.Therearesomanyinthehall.A.peoplesB.people()10.Thehassomenicepictures.A.boysB.teachers()11.Thearedancingattheparty.A.womanB.women()12.TheareinRoom408.A.studentB.astudent()13.Who’sthat?She’smymother.A.manB.woman()14.Thearecatchingthethief.A.policemanB.policemen()15.Therearenewinmyschoolbag.A.knifeB.knifes()16.jacketisit?Maybeit’s.A.Who’s;TomsB.What;Tom’s()17.Thebooksarethe.A.teachers’B.teachersC.dogC.shirtsC.facesC.familysC.keyC.ChineseclassC.apeopleC.childC.manC.studentsC.womenC.policemansC.knivesC.Whose;Tom’sC.teacher()18.TherearealotofchildrenintheparkonDay.A.childrenB.Children’sC.Childrens’()19.Isitthetwins’bedroom?Yes,itis.It’sbedroom.((((()20.Thatisdog.A.Tom’sB.Toms)21.coatsareverypretty.A.JimandTim’sB.Jim’sandTim’s)22.Theyaregoingtotheirhomefordinner.A.uncles)23.ThebigroomisA.thetwin’s)24.March8thisA.Woman’sDayB.uncleB.twins’B.Womans’DayC.TomC.JimandTimC.uncle’sC.thetwins’C.Women’sDayA.AnnandAnna’sB.Ann’sandAnna’sC.AnnandAnna10\n六、英汉互译。1.一位美国医生3.不同的季节5.凯特的家庭照7.hercat’sname9.thetwins’mother小学英语之小学英语数词练习题2.许多绵羊4.一杯牛奶6.myuncle’sfriend8.thedoorsoftheclassroom10.LucyandKate’sbedroom()1．Therearedaysinayea．rA．threehundredandsixtyfiveB．threehundredandsixty-fiveC．threehundredsandsixtyfiveD．threehundredsandsixty—five()2．Dannylivesin．A．room404B．Room404C．404roomD．404Room()3．Jimisin．A．classone，gradesixB．gradeone，classsixC．ClassOne，GradeSixD．GradeOne,ClassSix()4．Thebikecostmeyua．nA．fivehundredfortyB．fivehundredsfourtyC．fivehundredandfortyD．fivehundredfourty()5．Mytelephonenumberis．A．eightyeighttwofortyfourzeronineB．eighteighttwodoublefourOnineC．eightyeighttwoforty-fourzeronineD．eighteighttwofourfourzeronine()6．Isthereanyfoodforus?A．tenB．tenthC．thetenthD．theten()7．Maryisgirl．A.an8yearoldB．8一years—oldC．the8yearsoldD．an8一year—old()8．—Whatdayistoday?—A．JuneB．TuesdayC．ItishotD．It’sfine()9．—What’sthedatetoday?—A．It’sSaturdaBy．It’sJulCy．It’sfineD．It’sJuIy15()10．—Whattimedoyougetupeveryday?A．It’sseveno’clBo．ckSeveno’clocktimeC．AtsevenD．Onseven1．Therearedaysinayea．rA．threehundredandsixtyfiveB．threehundredandsixty-fiveC．threehundredsandsixtyfiveD．threehundredsandsixty—five()2．Dannylivesin．A．room404B．Room404C．404roomD．404Room()3．Jimisin．A．classone，gradesixB．gradeone，classsixC．ClassOne，GradeSixD．GradeOneClassSix10\n()4．Thebikecostmeyuan．A．fivehundredfortyB．fivehundredsfourtyC．fivehundredandfortyD．fivehundredfourty()5．Mytelephonenumberis．A．eightyeighttwofortyfourzeronine8．eighteighttwodoublefourOnineC．eightyeighttwoforty-fourzeronineD．eighteighttwofourfourzeronine()6．Isthereanyfoodforus?A．tenB．tenthC．thetenthD．theten()7．Maryisgirl．A.an8yearoldB．8一years—oldC．the8yearsoldD．an8一year—old()8．—Whatdayistoday?—A．JuneB．TuesdayC．ItishotD．It’sfine()9．—What’sthedatetoday?—A．It’sSaturda．yBIt’sJuly．CIt’sfine．DIt’sJuIy15()10．—Whattimedoyougetupeveryday?A．It’sseveno’c．loSckevBeno’clocktimeC．AtsevenD．On一、单项选择1.Thetreeistall.A.fourteenfootsC.fourteenfoot2.Fiftyplus.A.fourtyisninetyC.thirtyisninety3.TherearesevenB.fourteenfeetD.fortyfootB.fortyisninetyD.fiftyisninetystudentsinthisschool.A.fourhundredfifty-twoB.fourhundredsfiftytwoC.fourhundredandfifty-twoD.fourhundredsandfifty-two4.Myhomeisaboutawayfromtheschool.A.threehundredmetreB.threehundredsmetresC.threehundredmetresD.threehundredmetre5.Decemberisandlastmonthinayear.A.thetwelvethB.twelveC.thetwelfthD.twelfth6.oftheteachersintheschoolarefromcolleges.A.ThreequartersB.Two-thirdC.TwofifthD.Two-ninth7.Thereweretwoworldwarsduringcentury.A.thetwentiesB.thetwentiethC.twentiesD.twentieth1.1ntheforties,hisfatherservedintheNewArmy(新四军)，whilehismotherworkedintheRouteArmy（八路军）.10\nA.Fourth;EighthB.Four;EighthC.Fourth;eightD.Fourth;eighth9.Wearelearningnow.A.thetwenty-firstlessonB.LessonTwenty-firstC.the21thlessonD.Lesson21st10.Hewillstayherefor.A.oneandhalfmonthB.oneandahalfmonthC.onemonthsandahalfD.oneandahalfmonths11.—What’sthedatetoday?—.It’sA.nineB.MondayC.June5D.11:0012.—Wouldyouliketoeatapples?—No,thankyou.A.moretwoB.twomoreC.twoanotherD.twoelse13.Hesaidhewouldcomebackin.A.oneortwodaysB.oortwodaysC.oneandtwodaysD.adayandtwo14.—Howoftendoyouwritetoyourparentsabroad?—.A.TwiceamonthB.SecondtimesamonthC.AsecondtimeamonthD.secondatimeamonth15.peoplediedinthetrafficaccidentsintheworld.A.ThousandofB.ThousandsofC.TenthousandsofD.Tenthousandof16.Inthe1850s,aboutwascoveredbyforestintheUSA.A.thirdB.athirdC.thethirdD.athirds17.Thisisherbirthday,Ithink.A.twentyB.twentiethC.thetwentiethD.thetwenty’s18.SeptemberisTeachers’Day.A.thetenB.tenthC.thetenthD.theten’s19.Therearechildreninthecountryschool.A.twothousandfivehundredandsixtyB.twothousandsfivehundredandsixtyC.twothousandsfivehundredsandsixtyD.twothousandfivehundredsandsixty20.ofthesoldiersisabouttwothousand.A.AnumberB.ThenumberofC.AgreatnumberD.Thebiggestnumbersof一、1〜5BBCCC6〜10ABAAD11〜15CBAAB16〜20BBCAB1.序数词的构成及其说明1）序数词第一、第二和第三为first,second和third,其他序列数词的构成是在基数词后加-th。例如：sixfsixthsevenfseventhtenftenthfourffourth2）fifth（第五）、eighth（第八）、ninth（第九）和twelfth（第十二）在拼法上有变化。3）二十、三十等基数词变为序数词时，要把y变成ie再加-th。例如：10\ntwenty-twentieth[5twentiiW]forty-fortieth[fC:tiiW]4）基数词几十几变成序数词时，表示几十的数词不变，只把表示几的基数词变成序数词。例如：twenty-one^twenty-firstforty-fivefortyfifth5）第一百、第一千、第一百万、第十亿都是在基数词后直接加-th构成。例如：第一百fhundredth第一千—thousandth第一百万fmillionth第十亿-billionth6）序数词的缩略形式是由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成。例如：1st,2nd,3rd,4th,21st,32nd,40th1.序数词在句子中的应用序数词在句中主要是充当定语，也可以作主语、表语、宾语，前面要加定冠词the。例如：ThefirsttimeIcametoChina,Ilikeditverymuch.我第一次来中国，我就非常喜欢这个国家。Thefirstisalwaysbetterthanthesecond.第一总是比第二好。Shewillchoosethethird她将选择第三。1.基数词的构成及其说明1）1〜12是独立的单词。即：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve2）13〜19,多数在末尾加-teen但应注意13、15、18的拼写形式。例如：13^thirteen14-fourteen15^fifteen16—sixteen17-seventeen18-eighteen19—nineteen3）从20〜90整十位数，多数在词尾加-ty,但要注意20、30、40、50和80的拼法。例如：20-twenty30-thirty40-forty50-fifty60-sixty70-seventy80-eighty90-ninety4）21〜99是由几十和几合起来构成，中间加连字符（-）。例如：21-twenty-one32-thirty-two55-fifty-five74-seventyfour86-eighty-six99-ninety-nine5）101〜999等三位数中，十位数或个位数的前面加and例如：10—a（one）hundredandone230-twohundredandthirty513-fivehundredandthirteen678-sixhundredandseventy999-ninehundredandninetynine6)1,000以上的数，要用计数逗点，即从个位开始，每隔三位数加一逗点，第一个逗点处是thousand^)，第二逗点处是million(百万)，第三个逗点处是thousandmillion(英)或billion(美)(十亿)。例如：一千1,000-a(one)thousand10\n4,596—fourthousandfivehundredandnine-six一万10,00gtenthousand18,261—eighteenthousandtwohundredandsixtyne十万100,00ga(one)hundredthousand766,132—sevenhundredandsixtyixthousandonehundredandthirty-two一百万1,000,00ga(one)million4,538,536—fourmillionfivehundredandthirtyeightthousandfivehundredandthirty-six一千万10,000,00gtenmillion一亿100，000，000a(one)hundredmillion十亿以上的数，英美说法不同。十亿10，000，000，000英国a(one)thousandmillion美国a(one)billion百亿10,000,000,00gtenthousandmillion注意汉语中有百、千、万、亿等单位，而英语中有hundred(百),thousand^),million(百万)等，但没有表示万和亿的专门单词，要用十进位的方法推算出来。例如：thousand千百万tenthousand万hundredthousand十万million百万tenmillion千万hundredmillion亿(万万)巧学巧用读数的诀窍有一首歌诀，可以帮助我们迅速地用英语读出长数字。从右向左三逗开，一逗千，二逗百万，三逗就是十万万；左右三位分开读，保你又快又喜欢。①“从右向左三逗开”，指从右向左把长数字母三位用逗号分开。如：10，000；225，430；51.000，000，000②“一逗千，二逗百万，三逗就是十万万；”指从右向左的第一个逗号表示“千”(thousand)；第二逗号表示“百万”(million)；第三个逗号表示“十万万”(billion,即十亿)。③“左右三位分开读，保你又快又喜欢。”指读数时从左向右，每三位三位地按三位数的读法读，遇到有逗号时就分别加上该逗号所表示的那个英语单词。2.hundred,thousand,million与of连用数词hundred,thousand,million等的前面有其他数词，用作确定的数目时，不用复数形式。例如：threethousand^千（不能说：threethousandsfivehundred五百（不能说：fivehundreds）10\n但是当hundred,thousand,million在用作不确定的数目时，则需用复数形式，并且往往后接of。例如：hundredsofpeople几百人hundredsofthousandsofpeoples十万人millionsofthelocusts千百万只蝗虫巧学巧用有hundred等数词有s时有of,没有s没of；数词前面加，没有s没of；前面无数词，有s也有of。10