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.名词语法和练习题1.定义 名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词,专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。 2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。 3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。 4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词。2.名词复数的规则变化(情况,构成方法,读音,例词)a.一般情况在名词后加-s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags/car-carsb.以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的名词加-es读/iz/bus-buses/watch-watches/brush-brushes/box-boxesc.以ce,se,ze,等结尾加-s读/iz/license-licensesd.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把变y为i再加es读/z/baby---babiese.以o结尾的名词,变复数时:1).加s,如:photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos;2).加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes3).上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros/zeroes。f.以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:1).加s,如:belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs2).去f,fe加ves,如:half---halves .\n. knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves3).上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。3.名词复数的不规则变化1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teethmouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意:由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women,如anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是theBowmans。2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,yuan等。4.名词所有格1)在英语中有些名词可以加“’s”来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,例如:Where’sLinTao’sbike?林涛的自行车在哪?2)如果原词已经有复数词尾-s,则仅仅加一个“’”,例如:teachers’office老师的办公室3)如果是复数,但不带词尾-s,则仍然加“’s”,例如:thosemen’shats那些男士的帽子4)如果表示各自的所有关系时,名词末尾均需加“’s”,例如:Jim’sandKate’sglasses吉姆和凯特各自的眼镜5)如果表示共同的所有关系时,仅在最后一词的末尾加“’s”,例如:JimandKate’skite吉姆和凯特的风筝(两个人共同拥有的)6)如果表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,例如:ShallwegotoMeimei’sforsupper?我们一起到梅梅家去吃饭,好吗?7)没有生命的名词所有格用of,例如:Thisisaphotoofmyfamily.这是我家的一张全家福。练习题一.圈出下列单词中的不可数名词peachinkwaterzoosistercoffeeknifesnowiceteaorangefridgejeeprainwindcarteachermusicearcolawatermeloncherry二.写出下列名词的复数形式1.watch__________2.class__________3.shelf__________4.dog__________5.dish__________6.child__________7.nurse__________8.desk__________9.boy__________10.baby__________11.tooth_________12.eye__________13.sheep_________14.tomato_______15.library_________16.goose_________17.photo________18.telephone_________三.填入所给名词的适当形式.\n.1.Wehavethree________(pen).2.Thisisan__________(apple).3.Whereisthe__________(pencil)?4.Thereisalittle__________inthebottle(juice).5.Areyoua__________(driver)?Yes,Iam.6.Thereareafew__________(watch)onthedesk.7.Many__________(shelf)areinourschoollibrary.8.Hehassome__________(ink).9.The__________(girl)inredisMary.10.Howmany__________(people)arethereinyourfamily?Three.一.将下列名词按所给例词的词义属性归类schoolpineapplepandajacketpeachcatpenlibraryhattrousersrulerclassroomlemondresstigerplaygroundinkerasershirtelephantballpoint–pencomputerroomdeerpencil-casesnakeshortssocks1.pencil2.banana3.coat4.wolf5.schoolbuilding五、选择题()1.Thereis__________onthetable.b)PlateB.aplateC.plates()2.Icanseemany__________inthegarden.A.flowersB.aflowerC.flowers()3.The_____onthehillsareallwhite.A.sheepB.sheepsC.dog()4.Thesenew_____areforyou.A.skirtB.shoeC.shirts()5.Theclockhasthree______A.legsB.legC.faces()6.Theyarenotinthesame_______.A.classB.classesC.familys()7.Isthisyour_____?A.akeyB.keysC.key()8.Theyarehaving_____.A.aclassB.EnglishclassC.Chineseclass()9.Therearesomany_____inthehall.A.peoplesB.peopleC.apeople()10.The_____hassomenicepictures.A.boysB.teachersC.child()11.The_____aredancingattheparty.A.womanB.womenC.man()12.The_____areinRoom408..\n.A.studentB.astudentC.students()13.Who’sthat_____?She’smymother.A.manB.womanC.women()14.The_____arecatchingthethief.A.policemanB.policemenC.policemans()15.Therearenew_____inmyschoolbag.A.knifeB.knifesC.knives()16._____jacketisit?Maybeit’s_____.A.Who’s;TomsB.What;Tom’sC.Whose;Tom’s()17.Thebooksarethe_____.A.teachers’B.teachersC.teacher()18.Therearealotofchildrenintheparkon_____Day.A.childrenB.Children’sC.Childrens’()19.Isitthetwins’bedroom?Yes,itis.It’s_____bedroom.A.AnnandAnna’sB.Ann’sandAnna’sC.AnnandAnna()20.Thatis_____dog.A.Tom’sB.TomsC.Tom()21._____coatsareverypretty.A.JimandTim’sB.Jim’sandTim’sC.JimandTim()22.Theyaregoingtotheir_____homefordinner.A.unclesB.uncleC.uncle’s()23.Thebigroomis_____.A.thetwin’sB.twins’C.thetwins’()24.March8this_____.A.Woman’sDayB.Womans’DayC.Women’sDay六、英汉互译。1.一位美国医生____________2.许多绵羊___________3.不同的季节____________4.一杯牛奶_____________5.凯特的家庭照__________6.myuncle’sfriend___________7.hercat’sname____________8.thedoorsoftheclassroom_______9.thetwins’mother_________10.LucyandKate’sbedroom______小学英语之小学英语数词练习题( )1.Thereare___________daysinayear. A.threehundredandsixtyfive B.threehundredandsixty-five C.threehundredsandsixtyfive D.threehundredsandsixty—five( )2.Dannylivesin__________. A.room404 B.Room404 C.404room D.404Room( )3.Jimisin__________. A.classone,gradesix B.gradeone,classsix C.ClassOne,GradeSix D.GradeOne,ClassSix( )4.Thebikecostme_________yuan. A.fivehundredforty B.fivehundredsfourty C.fivehundredandforty D.fivehundredfourty( )5.Mytelephonenumberis.\n.____________. A.eightyeighttwofortyfourzeronine B.eighteighttwodoublefourOnine C.eightyeighttwoforty-fourzeronine D.eighteighttwofourfourzeronine( )6.Isthereanyfoodforus_________? A.ten B.tenth C.thetenth D.theten( )7.Maryis_________girl. A.an8yearold B.8一years—old C.the8yearsold D.an8一year—old( )8.—Whatdayistoday? —___________ A.June B.Tuesday C.Itishot D.It’sfine( )9.—What’sthedatetoday? —___________ A.It’sSaturday B.It’sJuly C.It’sfine D.It’sJuIy15( )10.—Whattimedoyougetupeveryday? A.It’sseveno’clock B.Seveno’clocktime C.Atseven D.Onseven1.Thereare___________daysinayear.A.threehundredandsixtyfiveB.threehundredandsixty-fiveC.threehundredsandsixtyfiveD.threehundredsandsixty—five()2.Dannylivesin__________.A.room404B.Room404C.404roomD.404Room()3.Jimisin__________.A.classone,gradesixB.gradeone,classsixC.ClassOne,GradeSixD.GradeOneClassSix()4.Thebikecostme_________yuan.A.fivehundredfortyB.fivehundredsfourtyC.fivehundredandfortyD.fivehundredfourty()5.Mytelephonenumberis____________.A.eightyeighttwofortyfourzeronineB.eighteighttwodoublefourOnineC.eightyeighttwoforty-fourzeronineD.eighteighttwofourfourzeronine()6.Isthereanyfoodforus_________?A.tenB.tenthC.thetenthD.theten()7.Maryis_________girl.A.an8yearoldB.8一years—oldC.the8yearsoldD.an8一year—old()8.—Whatdayistoday?—___________A.JuneB.TuesdayC.ItishotD.It’sfine()9.—What’sthedatetoday?—___________A.It’sSaturdayB.It’sJulyC.It’sfineD.It’sJuIy15()10.—Whattimedoyougetupeveryday?A.It’sseveno’clockB.Seveno’clocktime.\n.C.AtsevenD.Onseven一、单项选择1.Thetreeis tall. A.fourteenfoots B.fourteenfeet C.fourteenfoot D.fortyfoot2.Fiftyplus . A.fourtyisninety B.fortyisninety C.thirtyisninety D.fiftyisninety3.Thereare studentsinthisschool. A.fourhundredfifty-twoB.fourhundredsfiftytwoC.fourhundredandfifty-twoD.fourhundredsandfifty-two4.Myhomeisabout awayfromtheschool. A.threehundredmetre B.threehundredsmetres C.threehundredmetres D.threehundredmetre5.Decemberis andlastmonthinayear. A.thetwelveth B.twelve C.thetwelfth D.twelfth6. oftheteachersintheschoolarefromcolleges. A.Threequarters B.Two-third C.Twofifth D.Two-ninth7.Thereweretwoworldwarsduring century. A.thetwenties B.thetwentieth C.twenties D.twentieth8.Intheforties,hisfatherservedintheNew Army(新四军),whilehismotherworkedinthe RouteArmy(八路军). A.Fourth;Eighth B.Four;Eighth C.Fourth;eight D.Fourth;eighth9.Wearelearning now. A.thetwenty-firstlesson B.LessonTwenty-first C.the21thlesson D.Lesson21st10.Hewillstayherefor . A.oneandhalfmonth B.oneandahalfmonth C.onemonthsandahalf D.oneandahalfmonths11.—What’sthedatetoday?—It’s . A.nine B.Monday C.June5 D.11:0012.—Wouldyouliketoeat apples? —No,thankyou. A.moretwo B.twomore C.twoanother D.twoelse13.Hesaidhewouldcomebackin . A.oneortwodays B.oortwodays C.oneandtwodays D.adayandtwo.\n.14.—Howoftendoyouwritetoyourparentsabroad? — . A.Twiceamonth B.Secondtimesamonth C.Asecondtimeamonth D.secondatimeamonth15. peoplediedinthetrafficaccidentsintheworld. A.Thousandof B.Thousandsof C.Tenthousandsof D.Tenthousandof16.Inthe1850s,about wascoveredbyforestintheUSA. A.third B.athird C.thethird D.athirds17.Thisisher birthday,Ithink. A.twenty B.twentieth C.thetwentieth D.thetwenty’s18.September isTeachers’Day. A.theten B.tenth C.thetenth D.theten’s19.Thereare childreninthecountryschool. A.twothousandfivehundredandsixty B.twothousandsfivehundredandsixty C.twothousandsfivehundredsandsixty D.twothousandfivehundredsandsixty20. ofthesoldiersisabouttwothousand. A.Anumber B.Thenumberof C.Agreatnumber D.Thebiggestnumbersof一、1~5BBCCC 6~10ABAAD11~15CBAAB 16~20BBCAB1.序数词的构成及其说明1)序数词第一、第二和第三为first,second和third,其他序列数词的构成是在基数词后加-th。例如:six→sixth seven→seventh ten→tenth four→fourth2)fifth(第五)、eighth(第八)、ninth(第九)和twelfth(第十二)在拼法上有变化。3)二十、三十等基数词变为序数词时,要把y变成ie再加-th。例如:twenty→twentieth[5twentiiW]forty→fortieth[fC:tiiW]4)基数词几十几变成序数词时,表示几十的数词不变,只把表示几的基数词变成序数词。例如:twenty-one→twenty-firstforty-five→forty-fifth5)第一百、第一千、第一百万、第十亿都是在基数词后直接加-th构成。例如:第一百→hundredth 第一千→thousandth第一百万→millionth 第十亿→billionth6)序数词的缩略形式是由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成。例如:1st,2nd,3rd,4th,21st,32nd,40th2.序数词在句子中的应用序数词在句中主要是充当定语,也可以作主语、表语、宾语,前面要加定冠词the。例如:.\n.ThefirsttimeIcametoChina,Ilikeditverymuch.我第一次来中国,我就非常喜欢这个国家。Thefirstisalwaysbetterthanthesecond.第一总是比第二好。Shewillchoosethethird.她将选择第三。1.基数词的构成及其说明1)1~12是独立的单词。即: one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve2)13~19,多数在末尾加-teen,但应注意13、15、18的拼写形式。例如:13→thirteen 14→fourteen 15→fifteen16→sixteen 17→seventeen 18→eighteen19→nineteen3)从20~90整十位数,多数在词尾加-ty,但要注意20、30、40、50和80的拼法。例如:20→twenty 30→thirty 40→forty50→fifty 60→sixty 70→seventy80→eighty 90→ninety4)21~99是由几十和几合起来构成,中间加连字符(-)。例如:21→twenty-one 32→thirty-two 55→fifty-five74→seventy-four 86→eighty-six 99→ninety-nine5)101~999等三位数中,十位数或个位数的前面加and。例如:101→a(one)hundredandone230→twohundredandthirty513→fivehundredandthirteen678→sixhundredandseventy999→ninehundredandninety-nine6)1,000以上的数,要用计数逗点,即从个位开始,每隔三位数加一逗点,第一个逗点处是thousand(千),第二逗点处是million(百万),第三个逗点处是thousandmillion(英)或billion(美)(十亿)。例如:一千1,000→a(one)thousand 4,596→fourthousandfivehundredandninety-six一万10,000→tenthousand 18,261→eighteenthousandtwohundredandsixty-one十万100,000→a(one)hundredthousand 766,132→sevenhundredandsixty-sixthousandonehundredandthirty-two一百万1,000,000→a(one)million 4,538,536→fourmillionfivehundredandthirty-eightthousandfivehundredandthirty-six一千万10,000,000→tenmillion一亿100,000,000a(one)hundredmillion十亿以上的数,英美说法不同。十亿10,000,000,000英国 a(one)thousandmillion美国 a(one)billion.\n.百亿10,000,000,000→tenthousandmillion注意汉语中有百、千、万、亿等单位,而英语中有hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万)等,但没有表示万和亿的专门单词,要用十进位的方法推算出来。例如:thousand千百万 tenthousand万hundredthousand十万million百万tenmillion千万hundredmillion亿(万万)巧学巧用读数的诀窍有一首歌诀,可以帮助我们迅速地用英语读出长数字。从右向左三逗开,一逗千,二逗百万,三逗就是十万万;左右三位分开读,保你又快又喜欢。①“从右向左三逗开”,指从右向左把长数字母三位用逗号分开。如:10,000;225,430;51.000,000,000②“一逗千,二逗百万,三逗就是十万万;”指从右向左的第一个逗号表示“千”(thousand);第二逗号表示“百万”(million);第三个逗号表示“十万万”(billion,即十亿)。③“左右三位分开读,保你又快又喜欢。”指读数时从左向右,每三位三位地按三位数的读法读,遇到有逗号时就分别加上该逗号所表示的那个英语单词。2.hundred,thousand,million与of连用数词hundred,thousand,million等的前面有其他数词,用作确定的数目时,不用复数形式。例如:threethousand三千(不能说:threethousands)fivehundred五百(不能说:fivehundreds)但是当hundred,thousand,million在用作不确定的数目时,则需用复数形式,并且往往后接of。例如:hundredsofpeople几百人hundredsofthousandsofpeople几十万人millionsofthelocusts千百万只蝗虫巧学巧用有hundred等数词有s时有of,没有s没of;数词前面加,没有s没of;前面无数词,有s也有of。.