小学英语语法-名词练习题 15页

小学英语语法第一讲名词一、名词的概念：表示人，动物，地点，物品以及抽象概念的词。二、名词的分类：（一）普通名词：普通名词是一类人或一类事物的共同名称。普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。1.个体名词：表示一类人或一类事物中的个体。如：Sheisateacher.Theyareallstudents.2.集体名词：表示若干个体的人和事物组成的集合体。如：Howmanyboysarethereinyourclass?类似的还有：family,group,army,police等。3.物质名词：表示无法分为个体的事物。如：Iwanttohavesomewater(air,milk,salt,sugar等).4.抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质等抽象概念的名词。如：Iwishyousuccess(time,happiness,beauty等).、【火眼金睛】给下面的名词分类\ncomputermilkwatersisterskysadnessfamilyclassroomhealthdutyluckfactorydressricewindsnowflowertime个体名词________________________________集体名词_________________________________物质名词_________________________________抽象名词_________________________________（二）专有名词：专有名词是具体的人和事物等的特有名称。人名、地名、国家、城市、公共节日及月份、星期几的名词等属于专有名词。专有名词的第一个字母要大写。如：JennyBlack,March三月,theWTO世贸组织,Asia亚洲,Teachers’Day教师节,thePeople’sRepublicofChina中华人名共和国,Disneyland迪斯尼,thePearlRiver珠江,Sunday星期日【想一想】你的名字属于哪一类名词？PK专有名词看谁说的多??一、名词的数（一）可数名词：顾名思义是表示可以用来计数的名词。1.可数名词有单数和复数形式。指一个人或者事物时用单数形式，指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。\n如：desk-desks,apple-apples.2.单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a（an），表示特指时，前面要用定冠词the.如：Heisafactoryworker.他是一名工人。3.可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如：twoapples,fourbooks等。4.可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如：Thispictureisverybeautiful.这幅画很美。Theseapplesaremine.这些苹果是我的。5.对可数名词前的修饰语提问用howmany.如：Howmanypearsarethereinthebox?盒子里有多少个梨子？6.可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some,any,alotof,lotsof等来修饰，表示“一些，许多”（二）.可数名词单数变复数的规则1.一般情况下在词尾加 s.shop---shops(商店)2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的单词在词尾加es。class---classes(班级)box---boxes(盒子)match---matches(比赛)brush---brushes(刷子)3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i加es.\nstory---stories(故事)4.以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，在词尾直接加skey---keysmonkey---monkeys5.以一个“o”结尾的有生命名词，复数一般在词尾加“es”，无生命名词加“s”,hero--heroes(英雄）potato----potatoes(土豆）tomato---tomatoes(西红柿)mango---mangoes（芒果）口诀：英雄喜欢吃土豆，西红柿和芒果（以O结尾加“es”）zoo---zoos(动物园)photo---photos(照片)radio---radios（收音机）6.以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为ves.leaf---leaves(树叶)knife---knives(小刀)*（以f或fe结尾的单词，需把f或fe变ves的单词）口诀：妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己（-self）命，半(half)片树叶（leaf）遮目光。*（以f或fe结尾的单词，直接加“s”的单词）口诀：长颈鹿(giraffe)站在屋檐(roof)下，左手拿着手绢(handkerchief)，右手拿着高尔夫球(golf)。例：roof---roofs(屋顶)golf---golfs高尔夫球\n7.不规则名词复数的变化(1）-ren/-en:child-childrenox-oxen(2)a变e:man-menwoman-women(3)oo变ee:foot-feetgoose-geesetooth-teeth(4)面目全非：mouse-micechild-children8.名词单复数同型（三动物）sheep---sheep(绵羊)deer---deer（鹿）fish---fish（鱼）（两人）Chinese---ChineseJapanese---Japanese9.国人的变法：中日人民一致地Chinese---ChineseJapanese---Japanese英法联军a改eEnglishman--EnglishmenFrenchman--Frenchmen其它国人加sAmerican--AmericansAustralian--Australians小心提防德国人German-Germans10.两名词（复合名词）复数前面不变后面变，特例woman/manappletree---appletreesgirlstudent---girlstudentsmandoctor---mendoctorswomanteacher---womenteachers【即时演练】把下面名词的单数变成复数\ncoat_______skirt_______dress_______tomato________house_______watch_______car_______brush_______box_______toy_______umbrella_______ticket_______classroom_______teacher_______son_______student_______job_______womandoctor____________lemontree_______baby_________story_________life__________glass_________（一）不可数名词:顾名思义是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式。其前不用冠词a/an或数词，但可以用some,any,alotof,alittle等修饰。（1）.不可数名词包括抽象名词（advice,information,price,happiness等）液体（water,milk,tea,coffee,juice等)气体（air,smoke,oxygen,wind）材料（metal,wood,paper,glass等）学科类（English,mathematics,history,chemistry等）食物，肉类beef,pork,chicken,meat,bread,rice，corn,sugar,salt,等(hair,)【即时练习】Thistableismadeof_________A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass\n(2)不可数名词前不能用a或者an,可以用the.常用some,much,alittle,alotof,plentyof表示多少(3)不可数名词前通常用“单位词+of”来表示数量。如：acupof一杯...abottleof一瓶...apieceof一张...abasketof一篮...acanof一罐...abagof一袋...apairofshoes一双鞋twocupsoftea两杯茶fivepiecesofpaper.（4）不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但是不可数名词前有复数“单位词”时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：Therearetwocupsofcoffeeonthetable.Thereissomemilkinthebottle.(3)两个及两个以上的并列不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如:Beefandchickenareonthetable.（5）对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用howmuch.【想一想】萨拉最喜欢周末待在家悠闲的喝咖啡，听音乐，你知道“一杯咖啡”“一段音乐”怎么用英语表达吗？一杯咖啡__________________一段音乐—————————\n五片面包__________________一则新闻___________________三条建议___________________四．名词所有格（一）定义：意为“......的”，表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格（二）-’s所有格多表示有生命的事物的名词的所有关系。（1）一般在名词词尾加’s。如：father'sstudy(书房)，thechildren’scomputer（2）以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加“’”。如：theteachers'readingroom.Teachers’Day。（3）如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在后一个名词的后面加's。如果不是共有的，则两个名词之后都要加's如：JaneandHelen'sroom珍妮和海伦的房间(共有)Bill'sandTom'sradios比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机(不共有)（三）“of所有格”形式：“of+所有格”多用来表示无生命的事物所构成的所有关系。amapofChina一张中国地图thewallsofthecity城墙thecentreofthesquare广场中心\n【大显身手】1.Thisis________________________________________(我妹妹的语文书)2._________________________(Lucy和Lily的父亲)isahotelmanager.3.Theyare___________________________________(Peter和Sam的老师).4.___________________________(教师节)isonSeptember10th.5.___________________________________(学生们的桌椅)areverynew.6.Weareveryhappyon____________________________________(儿童节).7.Heisinthe_________________________________(老师的办公室)now.8.Pleaseopen_________________________________________(教室的门).9._____________________________(Alice和Ben的学校)isbigandnew.10.___________________________________(Tony哥哥的电脑)isbroken.11.Arethese_____________________________________(男生们的书包)?12.Thatis_____________________________________(Tom和李雷的教室).【基础练习】一．将下列名词变成复数形式watch_________strawberry___________policeman___________child_______thief_________mouse___________wife_______photo___________\nstudent__________knife_________diary________mandoctor_______Peartree________deer___________potato___________peach____________nurse__________fish___________foot_________zoo________country__________sheep________day_________womanteacher________二．单项选择()1._________motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoChengdu.A.Mary'sandJohn'sB.Mary'sandJohnC.MaryandJohn'sD.LiLeiandLucy()2.Theycomefromdifferent________A.CountryB.countriesC.acountryD.countrys()3.September10this________.A.MayDayB.Teachers’DayC.ChristmasD.ThanksgivingDay()4.Thereareten__________inourclass.A.boystudentB.boysstudentC.boystudentsD.boysstudents()5.Johnbought__________forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoe()6.Wouldyoulike________,please?\nA.twoglassofwaterB.twoglassesofwaterC.twoglassofwatersD.twoglassesofwaters()7.Katehasthree_________.A.knifeB.knifesC.knivsD.knives()8.The______hastwo_______A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watchesD.boys,watches()9.________turnyellowinautumn.A.LeafB.LeavesC.LeaveD.Leafs()10.Imettwo_________inthestreetyesterdaymorning.A.GermanB.AustralianC.AmericanD.Japanese()11.Roseisan_______butsheisin______rightnow.A.Japangirl;AmericanB.Englishwoman;JapaneseC.Englishgirl;JapanD.America;England()12.-----Whoserulerisit?-----Maybeit’s________.A.PeterB.PetersC.Mary’sD.Peters’()13.There__________apairofshoes.Whoseshoes_________those?A.are,are   B.is,are   C.is,is       D.are,is()14.Therearetwenty________inourschool.\nA.womenteachersB.womanteachersC.womenteachersD.womenteachers()15.Pleasegiveme_________paper.A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof二．按照例子，根据中文意思，写出英文1.一杯水______________________2.两袋米______________2.三碗水______________________4.一片面包_______________5.六张纸______________________6.一箱苹果________________6.两双鞋________________________8.一瓶果汁________________三．判断下列句子中名词数的变化是否正确，正确的写“T”，错误的写“F”，然后在错误的名词下面画横线，并在后面的横线上写出正确的形式：1.TheseareWinnie’snewtoys.__________________2.Lookatthedeers.Theyarecute._________________3.what’sinthebasket？Therearesometomatosinit._____________4.Howmanymonthesarethereinayear?_________________5.Herearemytoybuses._________________6.Canyouseeanyfoxesinthecage?__________________\n7.Here’ssomemoneysforyou.__________________8.Tigerslikemeats.__________________9.Doyoulikesandwichs?_________________10.Therearemanymousesinthehole._________________五．用所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Howmany___________________(sheep)arethereonthehill?2.Thereissome_______________(food)inthebasket.3.Thebabyhasonlytwo__________________(tooth)now.4.Thereisalotof_________________(water)inthebottle.5.Therearefive___________________(people)inhisfamily.6.Let'stake__________________(photo),OK?7.Ihavelotsof____________________(tomato)here.8.The____________________(leaf)onthetreeturnyellow.9.Their_________________________(dictionary)looknew.11.Therearemany__________________(fox)inthepicture.12.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_________________(idea).13.Wouldyoulikesome____________________(tomato)?14.Jimhassome__________________(knife).15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof______________(Lucy).16.Mylittlebrotherhasgottwo__________________(watch).One______________isold,theotherisnew.\n17.Thisismy________________(teacher)office.Thereareseven_________________(teacher)inthisoffice.18.March8this___________________(woman)Day.六．用所给词的适当形式填空1. March 8th is ________________Day. (woman). 3.The shop sells _______________(妇女) handbags. 4.Teachers in western countries have a __________(三个月的) holiday in a year. 5.I’ll give my English teacher a card for ____________Day. (teacher) 6.It’s only ten______ (minute)walk from the station to the hotel.7.It’s an _____________(hour) ride from here to the museum. 8.That’s my ________________(father) car. It’s grey. 七：按要求改写下列句子。1.Thereisanorangetreeinthegarden.(改为复数句)____________________________________________________2.Sheisagoodteacher.(改为复数句)____________________________________________________3.Ihavesomeinterestingstorybooks.(改为单数句)\n____________________________________________________4.Therearesomewomenteachersoverthere.(改为单数句)_____________________________________________________5.-----Whatisit?-----It'sabox.(改为复数句)_____________________________________________________