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....名词语法和练习题1.定义 名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词,专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。 2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。 3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。 4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词。2.名词复数的规则变化(情况,构成方法,读音,例词)a.一般情况在名词后加-s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags/car-carsb.以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的名词加-es读/iz/bus-buses/watch-watches/brush-brushes/box-boxes.下载可编辑.\n....c.以ce,se,ze,等结尾加-s读/iz/license-licensesd.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把变y为i再加es读/z/baby---babiese.以o结尾的名词,变复数时:1).加s,如:photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos;2).加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes3).上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros/zeroes。f.以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:1).加s,如:belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs2).去f,fe加ves,如:half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves3).上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。.下载可编辑.\n....3.名词复数的不规则变化1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teethmouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意:由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women,如anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是theBowmans。2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,yuan等。4.名词所有格1)在英语中有些名词可以加“’s”来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,例如:Where’sLinTao’sbike?林涛的自行车在哪?2)如果原词已经有复数词尾-s,则仅仅加一个“’”,例如:teachers’office老师的办公室3)如果是复数,但不带词尾-s,则仍然加“’s”,例如:thosemen’shats那些男士的帽子4)如果表示各自的所有关系时,名词末尾均需加“’s”,例如:Jim’sandKate’sglasses吉姆和凯特各自的眼镜5)如果表示共同的所有关系时,仅在最后一词的末尾加“’s”,例如:JimandKate’skite吉姆和凯特的风筝(两个人共同拥有的)6)如果表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,例如:ShallwegotoMeimei’sforsupper?我们一起到梅梅家去吃饭,好吗?.下载可编辑.\n....7)没有生命的名词所有格用of,例如:Thisisaphotoofmyfamily.这是我家的一张全家福。练习题一.圈出下列单词中的不可数名词peachinkwaterzoosistercoffeeknifesnowiceteaorangefridgejeeprainwindcarteachermusicearcolawatermeloncherry二.写出下列名词的复数形式1.watch__________2.class__________3.shelf__________4.dog__________5.dish__________6.child__________7.nurse__________8.desk__________9.boy__________10.baby__________11.tooth_________12.eye__________13.sheep_________14.tomato_______15.library_________16.goose_________17.photo________18.telephone_________三.填入所给名词的适当形式1.Wehavethree________(pen).2.Thisisan__________(apple).3.Whereisthe__________(pencil)?4.Thereisalittle__________inthebottle(juice).5.Areyoua__________(driver)?Yes,Iam.6.Thereareafew__________(watch)onthedesk..下载可编辑.\n....1.Many__________(shelf)areinourschoollibrary.2.Hehassome__________(ink).3.The__________(girl)inredisMary.4.Howmany__________(people)arethereinyourfamily?Three.一.将下列名词按所给例词的词义属性归类schoolpineapplepandajacketpeachcatpenlibraryhattrousersrulerclassroomlemondresstigerplaygroundinkerasershirtelephantballpoint–pencomputerroomdeerpencil-casesnakeshortssocks1.pencil2.banana3.coat4.wolf5.schoolbuilding五、选择题()1.Thereis__________onthetable.b)PlateB.aplateC.plates()2.Icanseemany__________inthegarden.A.flowersB.aflowerC.flowers()3.The_____onthehillsareallwhite.A.sheepB.sheepsC.dog()4.Thesenew_____areforyou..下载可编辑.\n....A.skirtB.shoeC.shirts()5.Theclockhasthree______A.legsB.legC.faces()6.Theyarenotinthesame_______.A.classB.classesC.familys()7.Isthisyour_____?A.akeyB.keysC.key()8.Theyarehaving_____.A.aclassB.EnglishclassC.Chineseclass()9.Therearesomany_____inthehall.A.peoplesB.peopleC.apeople()10.The_____hassomenicepictures.A.boysB.teachersC.child()11.The_____aredancingattheparty.A.womanB.womenC.man()12.The_____areinRoom408.A.studentB.astudentC.students()13.Who’sthat_____?She’smymother.A.manB.womanC.women()14.The_____arecatchingthethief.A.policemanB.policemenC.policemans()15.Therearenew_____inmyschoolbag..下载可编辑.\n....A.knifeB.knifesC.knives()16._____jacketisit?Maybeit’s_____.A.Who’s;TomsB.What;Tom’sC.Whose;Tom’s()17.Thebooksarethe_____.A.teachers’B.teachersC.teacher()18.Therearealotofchildrenintheparkon_____Day.A.childrenB.Children’sC.Childrens’()19.Isitthetwins’bedroom?Yes,itis.It’s_____bedroom.A.AnnandAnna’sB.Ann’sandAnna’sC.AnnandAnna()20.Thatis_____dog.A.Tom’sB.TomsC.Tom()21._____coatsareverypretty.A.JimandTim’sB.Jim’sandTim’sC.JimandTim()22.Theyaregoingtotheir_____homefordinner.A.unclesB.uncleC.uncle’s()23.Thebigroomis_____.A.thetwin’sB.twins’C.thetwins’()24.March8this_____.A.Woman’sDayB.Womans’DayC.Women’sDay六、英汉互译。1.一位美国医生____________2.许多绵羊___________3.不同的季节____________4.一杯牛奶_____________.下载可编辑.\n....5.凯特的家庭照__________6.myuncle’sfriend___________7.hercat’sname____________8.thedoorsoftheclassroom_______9.thetwins’mother_________10.LucyandKate’sbedroom______小学英语之小学英语数词练习题( )1.Thereare___________daysinayear. A.threehundredandsixtyfive B.threehundredandsixty-five C.threehundredsandsixtyfive D.threehundredsandsixty—five( )2.Dannylivesin__________. A.room404 B.Room404 C.404room D.404Room( )3.Jimisin__________. A.classone,gradesix B.gradeone,classsix C.ClassOne,GradeSix D.GradeOne,ClassSix( )4.Thebikecostme_________yuan. A.fivehundredforty B.fivehundredsfourty C.fivehundredandforty D.fivehundredfourty( )5.Mytelephonenumberis____________. A.eightyeighttwofortyfourzeronine B.eighteighttwodoublefourOnine C.eightyeighttwoforty-fourzeronine D.eighteighttwofourfourzeronine( )6.Isthereanyfoodforus_________? A.ten B.tenth C.thetenth D.the.下载可编辑.\n....ten( )7.Maryis_________girl. A.an8yearold B.8一years—old C.the8yearsold D.an8一year—old( )8.—Whatdayistoday? —___________ A.June B.Tuesday C.Itishot D.It’sfine( )9.—What’sthedatetoday? —___________ A.It’sSaturday B.It’sJuly C.It’sfine D.It’sJuIy15( )10.—Whattimedoyougetupeveryday? A.It’sseveno’clock B.Seveno’clocktime C.Atseven D.Onseven1.Thereare___________daysinayear.A.threehundredandsixtyfiveB.threehundredandsixty-fiveC.threehundredsandsixtyfiveD.threehundredsandsixty—five()2.Dannylivesin__________.A.room404B.Room404C.404roomD.404Room()3.Jimisin__________.A.classone,gradesixB.gradeone,classsixC.ClassOne,GradeSixD.GradeOneClassSix()4.Thebikecostme_________yuan.A.fivehundredfortyB.fivehundredsfourtyC.fivehundredandfortyD.fivehundredfourty.下载可编辑.\n....()5.Mytelephonenumberis____________.A.eightyeighttwofortyfourzeronineB.eighteighttwodoublefourOnineC.eightyeighttwoforty-fourzeronineD.eighteighttwofourfourzeronine()6.Isthereanyfoodforus_________?A.tenB.tenthC.thetenthD.theten()7.Maryis_________girl.A.an8yearoldB.8一years—oldC.the8yearsoldD.an8一year—old()8.—Whatdayistoday?—___________A.JuneB.TuesdayC.ItishotD.It’sfine()9.—What’sthedatetoday?—___________A.It’sSaturdayB.It’sJulyC.It’sfineD.It’sJuIy15()10.—Whattimedoyougetupeveryday?A.It’sseveno’clockB.Seveno’clocktimeC.AtsevenD.Onseven一、单项选择1.Thetreeis tall. A.fourteenfoots B.fourteenfeet C.fourteenfoot D.fortyfoot2.Fiftyplus ..下载可编辑.\n.... A.fourtyisninety B.fortyisninety C.thirtyisninety D.fiftyisninety3.Thereare studentsinthisschool. A.fourhundredfifty-twoB.fourhundredsfiftytwoC.fourhundredandfifty-twoD.fourhundredsandfifty-two4.Myhomeisabout awayfromtheschool. A.threehundredmetre B.threehundredsmetres C.threehundredmetres D.threehundredmetre5.Decemberis andlastmonthinayear. A.thetwelveth B.twelve C.thetwelfth D.twelfth6. oftheteachersintheschoolarefromcolleges. A.Threequarters B.Two-third C.Twofifth D.Two-ninth7.Thereweretwoworldwarsduring century. A.thetwenties B.thetwentieth C.twenties D.twentieth8.Intheforties,hisfatherservedintheNew Army(新四军),whilehismotherworkedinthe RouteArmy(八路军). A.Fourth;Eighth B.Four;Eighth.下载可编辑.\n.... C.Fourth;eight D.Fourth;eighth9.Wearelearning now. A.thetwenty-firstlesson B.LessonTwenty-first C.the21thlesson D.Lesson21st10.Hewillstayherefor . A.oneandhalfmonth B.oneandahalfmonth C.onemonthsandahalf D.oneandahalfmonths11.—What’sthedatetoday?—It’s . A.nine B.Monday C.June5 D.11:0012.—Wouldyouliketoeat apples? —No,thankyou. A.moretwo B.twomore C.twoanother D.twoelse13.Hesaidhewouldcomebackin . A.oneortwodays B.oortwodays C.oneandtwodays D.adayandtwo14.—Howoftendoyouwritetoyourparentsabroad? — . A.Twiceamonth B.Secondtimesamonth C.Asecondtimeamonth D.secondatimeamonth15. peoplediedinthetrafficaccidentsintheworld..下载可编辑.\n.... A.Thousandof B.Thousandsof C.Tenthousandsof D.Tenthousandof16.Inthe1850s,about wascoveredbyforestintheUSA. A.third B.athird C.thethird D.athirds17.Thisisher birthday,Ithink. A.twenty B.twentieth C.thetwentieth D.thetwenty’s18.September isTeachers’Day. A.theten B.tenth C.thetenth D.theten’s19.Thereare childreninthecountryschool. A.twothousandfivehundredandsixty B.twothousandsfivehundredandsixty C.twothousandsfivehundredsandsixty D.twothousandfivehundredsandsixty20. ofthesoldiersisabouttwothousand. A.Anumber B.Thenumberof C.Agreatnumber D.Thebiggestnumbersof一、1~5BBCCC 6~10ABAAD11~15CBAAB 16~20BBCAB.下载可编辑.\n....1.序数词的构成及其说明1)序数词第一、第二和第三为first,second和third,其他序列数词的构成是在基数词后加-th。例如:six→sixth seven→seventh ten→tenth four→fourth2)fifth(第五)、eighth(第八)、ninth(第九)和twelfth(第十二)在拼法上有变化。3)二十、三十等基数词变为序数词时,要把y变成ie再加-th。例如:twenty→twentieth[5twentiiW]forty→fortieth[fC:tiiW]4)基数词几十几变成序数词时,表示几十的数词不变,只把表示几的基数词变成序数词。例如:twenty-one→twenty-firstforty-five→forty-fifth5)第一百、第一千、第一百万、第十亿都是在基数词后直接加-th构成。例如:第一百→hundredth 第一千→thousandth第一百万→millionth 第十亿→billionth6)序数词的缩略形式是由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成。例如:1st,2nd,3rd,4th,21st,32nd,40th2.序数词在句子中的应用序数词在句中主要是充当定语,也可以作主语、表语、宾语,前面要加定冠词the。例如:ThefirsttimeIcametoChina,Ilikeditverymuch.我第一次来中国,我就非常喜欢这个国家。Thefirstisalwaysbetterthanthesecond..下载可编辑.\n....第一总是比第二好。Shewillchoosethethird.她将选择第三。1.基数词的构成及其说明1)1~12是独立的单词。即: one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve2)13~19,多数在末尾加-teen,但应注意13、15、18的拼写形式。例如:13→thirteen 14→fourteen 15→fifteen16→sixteen 17→seventeen 18→eighteen19→nineteen3)从20~90整十位数,多数在词尾加-ty,但要注意20、30、40、50和80的拼法。例如:20→twenty 30→thirty 40→forty50→fifty 60→sixty 70→seventy80→eighty 90→ninety4)21~99是由几十和几合起来构成,中间加连字符(-)。例如:21→twenty-one 32→thirty-two 55→fifty-five74→seventy-four 86→eighty-six 99→ninety-nine5)101~999等三位数中,十位数或个位数的前面加and。例如:101→a(one)hundredandone230→twohundredandthirty513→fivehundredandthirteen678→sixhundredandseventy.下载可编辑.\n....999→ninehundredandninety-nine6)1,000以上的数,要用计数逗点,即从个位开始,每隔三位数加一逗点,第一个逗点处是thousand(千),第二逗点处是million(百万),第三个逗点处是thousandmillion(英)或billion(美)(十亿)。例如:一千1,000→a(one)thousand 4,596→fourthousandfivehundredandninety-six一万10,000→tenthousand 18,261→eighteenthousandtwohundredandsixty-one十万100,000→a(one)hundredthousand 766,132→sevenhundredandsixty-sixthousandonehundredandthirty-two一百万1,000,000→a(one)million 4,538,536→fourmillionfivehundredandthirty-eightthousandfivehundredandthirty-six一千万10,000,000→tenmillion一亿100,000,000a(one)hundredmillion十亿以上的数,英美说法不同。十亿10,000,000,000英国 a(one)thousandmillion美国 a(one)billion百亿10,000,000,000→tenthousandmillion注意.下载可编辑.\n....汉语中有百、千、万、亿等单位,而英语中有hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万)等,但没有表示万和亿的专门单词,要用十进位的方法推算出来。例如:thousand千百万 tenthousand万hundredthousand十万million百万tenmillion千万hundredmillion亿(万万)巧学巧用读数的诀窍有一首歌诀,可以帮助我们迅速地用英语读出长数字。从右向左三逗开,一逗千,二逗百万,三逗就是十万万;左右三位分开读,保你又快又喜欢。①“从右向左三逗开”,指从右向左把长数字母三位用逗号分开。如:10,000;225,430;51.000,000,000②“一逗千,二逗百万,三逗就是十万万;”指从右向左的第一个逗号表示“千”(thousand);第二逗号表示“百万”(million);第三个逗号表示“十万万”(billion,即十亿)。③“左右三位分开读,保你又快又喜欢。”指读数时从左向右,每三位三位地按三位数的读法读,遇到有逗号时就分别加上该逗号所表示的那个英语单词。2.hundred,thousand,million与of连用数词hundred,thousand,million等的前面有其他数词,用作确定的数目时,不用复数形式。例如:threethousand三千(不能说:threethousands)fivehundred五百(不能说:fivehundreds).下载可编辑.\n....但是当hundred,thousand,million在用作不确定的数目时,则需用复数形式,并且往往后接of。例如:hundredsofpeople几百人hundredsofthousandsofpeople几十万人millionsofthelocusts千百万只蝗虫巧学巧用有hundred等数词有s时有of,没有s没of;数词前面加,没有s没of;前面无数词,有s也有of。.下载可编辑.