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Contents第一章名词1.名词的数2.名词的格第二章代词1.人称代词2.物主代词第三章冠词与数词1.冠词2.数词第四章一般现在时态第五章现在进行时态第六章一般将来时态第七章一般过去时态第八章形容词副词比较级第九章句型1.陈述句2.疑问句3.祈使句4.Therebe句型与have\has\n第一章名词(Noun)名词的概念在生活中,我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物,用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。一、名词的数名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个”时用单数,“两个以上”时用复数;不可数名词表示量时,通常用“数词+单位+of+物质名词”的形式,如apieceofbread(一片面包),变为复数时,只须将单位名词变为复数,如:twopiecesofbread(两片面包)。*名词复数的构成法则1.一般情况下在词尾加 s.词尾读音shop---shops(商店)在清辅音后读[s]bag---bags(书包)在浊辅音后读[z]window---windows(窗户)在元音后读[z]2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的单词在词尾加es。class---classes(班级)词尾读音[iz]box---boxes(盒子)match---matches(比赛)brush---brushes(刷子)3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i加es.story---stories(故事)词尾读音[iz]4.以“元音字母+y”结尾的词,在词尾直接加skey---keys词尾读音[z]monkey---monkeys5.以“o”结尾的名词,复数一般在词尾加“s”,但个别加“es”tomato---tomatoes(西红柿)词尾读音[z]potato---potatoes(土豆)zoo---zoos(动物园)photo---photos(照片)*(以“o”结尾,复数加“es”)口诀:黑人(Negro)英雄(hero),左手拿着西红柿(tomato),右手拿着破土豆(potato),头顶一个大芒果(mango)。6.以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f或fe为ves.leaf---leaves(树叶)词尾读音[vz]knife---knives(小刀)*(以f或fe结尾的单词,需把f或fe变ves的单词)口诀:妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌,躲在架下(shelf)保己命,半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。*(以f或fe结尾的单词,直接加“s”的单词)口诀:长颈鹿(giraffe)站在屋檐(roof)下,左手拿着手绢(handkerchief),右手拿着高尔夫球(golf)。例:roof---roofs(屋顶)\n7.不规则名词复数的变化man---men(男人)tooth---teeth(牙齿)child---children(儿童)mouse---mice(老鼠)foot---feet(脚)woman---women(女人)8.名词单复数形式一样sheep---sheep(绵羊)deer---deer(鹿)English---English(英国人)Chinese---Chinese(中国人)*(不规则名词变复数)口诀:男人,女人a变e;鹅,足,牙齿oo变ee;其实老鼠也好记ous变ic;孩子加上ren,鱼鹿绵羊不用记。二、名词所有格的构成法1.主要是在词尾加’s构成。如:ThisisTom’sdesk.这是汤姆的书桌。ThatisMike’sbook.那是迈克的书。2.如果原名词已经有复数词尾s,则仅加一个’.如:theteachers’readingroom教师阅览室thepupils’pencil-boxes学生们的文具盒3.如果原词是复数形式,但不是以s结尾,变为所有格形式需在后面加上’s。如:thechildren’spalace少年宫men’sroom男厕所4.所有格所修饰的名词前面有一个数量词或者指示代词that时,要用双重所有格(数量词包括a,two,some,no,any,few,many)afriendofMary’ssomebooksoftheteacher’sfewwordsoftheboy’s*名词所有格口诀:名词所有格,s前面加一撇’,复数s放在尾,后加一撇就完结,两人共有算一个,后面只加一个撇。名词练习题一、写出下列名词的复数形式1.computer____________2.apple____________3.city______________4.house_____________5.sheep_____________6.watch______________7.tomato_____________8.child_____________9.tooth________10.foot______________11.wife_____________12.potato____________13.play_____________14.day____________15.glass______________16.radio______________17.zoo______________18.life______________19.story_____________20.leaf_____________21.baby_____________22.dress_____________23.butterfly_____________24.deer_____________\n25.class_____________26.brush_____________27.key_____________28.English____________29.mouse____________30.man_____________二、汉译英1.Tom的足球_________________2.老师们的自行车_________________3.学生们的课桌_________________4.哥哥的文具盒_________________5.姑姑的卡片_________________6.猴子们的香蕉_________________7.蚂蚁们的早餐_________________8.妈妈的包_________________9.姐姐的连衣裙_________________10女孩们的苹果_________________三、把下列句子翻译成英文1.这些是Peter的篮球吗?________________________________________2.这个是老师的钢笔吗?___________________________________________3.有一些书在Sam的课桌上。________________________________________4.有一些孩子们在教室里。___________________________________________四、改错(圈出错处,在横线上改正过来)1.Therearesomebutterflysonthetable.________________________2.ThisisAlicedress.______________________3.Iliketomatoverymuch.__________________五、将下列句子变成复数形式。1.Thisdogisbrown.___________________________________________________2.Thereisabookandapenonthetable.___________________________________________________3.Thatwomanisateacher.___________________________________________________能力测试卷(名词)一、将下列名词变成复数形式。1.planetreelessonmonthappleshirt2.boxbusbrushwatchclassfox3.knifelifeleafWifethief4.dayboymonkey\nbabycountrystory5.photoradiopianotomatohero6.childtoothmanSheepEnglishChinese二、判断正误,并改正错句,正确的打“√”1.Thehouseismybrother.________________________2.Hehasvisitedmanycountry.______________________3.TheyareEnglishs.______________________________4.ThisisTomredbike.____________________________三、选择填空1.Therearetwo______intheroom.A.ChineseB.Englishman2.Theoldmanwillhave___________out.A.twotoothsB.twoteeth3.____________aresoldinthisbookstore.A.Children’sbooksB.Childrenbooks4.Somefriendsof_________willcomehere.A.John’sB.John5.Canyougiveme______________?A.somepapersB.apieceofpaper6.Thereare______________onthefloor.A.someboxB.someboxes四、将下列句子变成复数形式。1.Thissheepiswhite.___________________________________________________2.Thereisadeskandachairintheroom.___________________________________________________3.Thatmanisadoctor.___________________________________________________介词:定义:是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词的分类:(1)表示时间,处所:从 自 自从 于 打 到 往 在 当 朝 向(2)表示方式:按 照 按照 依 依照 本着 经过 通过 根据 以 凭(3)表示目的:为 为了 为着(4)表示原因:因 由于 因为(5)表示对象,范围:对 对于 把 向 跟 与 同 给 关于\n(6)表示排除:除 除了 除去 除非(7)表示被动:被 叫 让 给(8)表示比较:比 和 同上述介词中的“着,了,过”是语素,不是动态助词。介词at, in, on的区别: 1. 表示时间,注意以下用法:(1) 表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用 at。如:I get up at six in the morning. 我早上六点钟起床。He got married at the age of 25. 他 25 岁结婚。(2) 泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间,一般用 in。如:We watch TV in the evening. 我们晚上看电视。He went to Japan in 1946. 他于 1946 去了日本。(3) 若表示星期几或某一特定的日期,则用 on。如:He left here on the fifth of May. 他于 5 月 5 日离开这儿。2. 表示地点、场所、位置等,注意以下用法:(1) 表示某一点位置,用 at。如:We live at No 87 Beijing Road. 我们住在北京路 87 号。The hospital is at the end of the street. 医院在这条街的尽头。与名词所有格连用表示地点,也用 at。如:at my sister’s 在我姐姐家 at the doctor’s 在医务室(2) 表示空间或范围,用 in。如:What’s in the box? 这盒子里有什么?He lives in Paris with his wife. 他同他妻子住在巴黎。但有时两者可换用。如:The meeting was held at [in] the hotel. 会议在宾馆举行。(3) at 与 in 的另一个区别是:at 用于指较小的地方,而 in 用于指较大的地方。如:in Shanghai 在上海 at the station 在车站但是,大与小是相对的,有时随着说话者的着眼点不同,大地方也可能用 at(比如把一个大地方看作一个点时)。如:Our plane refueled at London. 我们的飞机在伦敦加油。We stopped for an hour at Moscow on our way to Paris. 我们在去巴黎的途中在莫斯科停了 1 个小时。(4) 介词 on 用于地点,主要指在某物的表面。如:What’s on the table? 桌上有什么?There’s a wallet lying on the ground. 地上有个钱包。注:在少数搭配中,也用介词 on。如:He works on a farm. 他在农场工作。3. 在某些搭配中,三者的区别与英国英语和美国英语有关:in the street (英) / on the street (美) 在街上\nin the road (英) / on the road (美) 在路上in the team (英) / on the team (美) 在这个队at the weekend (英) / on the weekend (美) 在周末at weekends (英) / on weekends (美) 在周末4. 有时三者的差别与搭配习惯和用法有关:in bed / on the bed 在床上in the tree (多指树外之物) / on the tree (多指树本身之物) 在树上介词besides,but,except的用法区别: 1. 三者都可表示“除外”,但 besides 表示一种累加关系,意指“除了什么之外,还有……”;而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系,意指“除了什么之外,不再有……”。如:Besides his wife,his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外,他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。Nobody went to see him except [but] his wife. 除他妻子外,没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。注:在否定句中,besides 也表示“除……之外不再有…… ”,与but, except 同义。如:No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim. 除吉姆外,没一个人通过考试。口诀:早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分。 年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。 将来时态in...以后,小处at大处in。日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,前面加on别忘记( ) 1 Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays. A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on ( ) 2 -There is nothing ______tomorrow afternoon, is there? -No. We can have a game of table tennis. A. on B. in C. out D. up ( ) 3 A lot of students in our school were born____March, 1981. A. in B. at C. on D. since ( ) 4 Tie suddenly returned____ a rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. during ( )5 My grandfather was born____Oct. 10, 1935. A. on B. in C. at D. of ( )6 The train is starting___five minutes. A. in B. at C. for D.still ( ) 7 Mike does his exercises ____ seven _____ the evening. A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at;on 2 ()1 The population of the world has grown very fast ____ four hundred years. A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past ( )2 We returned to our hometown___. A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week ( )3 Great changes have taken place___. A. in the last few year B. in the last few years C. last year D. on the last year 3 ( ) 4 Children wake up very early____the morning of Christmas Day. A. in B. on C. for D. at \n( ) 5 ____ a cold winter morning, I met her in the stfeet. A. In B. On C. At D. For ( ) 6 It happened to be very cold____ the morning of our sports meet. A. at B. on C. with D. of ( ) 7 Why did you get up so early ___ this morning. A. on B. / C. at D. in 4 ( ) 8 He went to Shanghai___ September 3, 1991 and came back___ a cold morning last year.A. in; on B. on; in C. on; on D. in; ia ( ) 9 Lucy was born____ the night of May 12, 1984. . ... A. on B. in C. at D. to ( ) 10 Mrs Brown came to China ____ 1996. A.on B. of C. to, D. in ( ) 11 Ann moved___Hangzhou___September, 1992. A. /; in i B. to; in C. to; on D, in; in ( ) 12 They started off___an autumn afternoon. A. during B. at C. in D. on 第二章代词一、人称代词1.人称代词即表示“你、我、他、你们、我们、他们”等的词,它的人称、数和格的变化见下表:数人称主格宾格单数第一人称Ime第二人称youyou第三人称hesheithimherit复数第一人称Weus第二人称youyou第三人称theythem主格与宾格:人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。主格主要用来做句子的主语;宾格主要用作宾语。人称代词主格用在句首作主语。Sheissittinginabus.她正坐在公共汽车上。人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。Thispenisbad.Ican’twritewithit.这支钢笔不好,我没法用它写字。2.人称代词的排列顺序人称代词并列使用时,通常以下列顺序出现,请熟悉并记忆。1)单数代词:youandI;youandhe;heandI;you,heandI2)复数代词:weandthey;weandyou;youandthey;we,youandthey3)第三人称单数代词:heandshe*人称代词排序口诀:人称代词并列观,注意顺序礼貌见;单数人称二、三、一,复数人称一、二、三;麻烦事情“我”站前,其他人称没意见;两性并用为三单,男先女后是习惯。二、物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。人称第一人称第二人称第三人称\n类别单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性myouryouryourhis,her,itstheir名词性mineouryoursyourshis,hers,itstheirs名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词例,Whosecoatisthis?这是谁的上衣?It’shers.是她的。hers=hercoat*关于物主代词的口诀:物主代词很重要,译成汉语都有“的”,后面必须加上物,否则就要犯错误,myyourhisheritsourtheir不放过。形容词性是基础,除了我的 “mine”外,其他词尾“s”性形物代能力差,出门常把名词加;名物代能力强,常来独去又独往。形变物口诀:一变两不变,其余加s判断形名口诀:有名则形,无名则名三、反身代词反身代词也叫“自身代词”,表示“**自己”。数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself,herself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesIcandoitbymyself.我自己能做这件事。*反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀:反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加,其余开头用物主,复数-ves替-f四、指示代词This(这个)-------these(这些)指近处的事物That(那个)-------these(那些)指远处的事物例,Thisisabook.这是本书。Thesearesomebooks.这些是书。Thatisacar.那是辆小汽车。Thosearesomecars.那些是小汽车。代词练习题一、根据题意,用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Maryisafriendof______________.(I)2.Thisis________(she)ruler.________(I)isinthebag.3.Herbrotheristooyoungtolookafter_________(he)4.Thisis_________(I)book.Thisbookis_________(I).5.Thesepensare_________(we).二、填写下列表格。人称代词我我们你,你们他她它他们\n主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词三、改写下列句子Eg,Thisismybook.------Thebookismine.1.Thatisherruler._________________________________2.Thesearetheirfootballs.__________________________________3.Thisismybackpack.____________________________________4.Thoseareyourboxes.____________________________________四、把下列句子改写成复数。1.Thisisabutterfly.____________________________________________2.Thatisabus.________________________________________________3.Itisamouse.________________________________________________五、改错。1.Thisisminelamp.___________________________________________2.Theseareoursbooks.____________________________________________3.Thataretheirteacher.___________________________________________4.Thehouseismybrother.________________________5.Hehasvisitedmanycountry.______________________6.TheyareChineses.______________________________7.ThisisTomredbike.____________________________能力测试卷(代词)一、帮下面的好朋友团圆(连线)I她its我们her他(她,它)们we我they你的their他(她,它)们your她的\nshe它的二、填空1.She’sateacher.Thisis_________bag.2.He’sadriver.Thisis___________taxi.3.Iamaboy.__________nameisPeter.4.--What’s__________name?--MynameisTony.5.It’smypuppy.______nameisMimi.三、选择()1.Yourbookisnotsooldas_________.A.himB.heC.hisD.she()2._____bookisit?It’s________.A.Whose…herB.Whose…hersC.Who…hersD.Whom…her()3.Heisafriendof________.A.ourB.usC.myD.mine四、改错1.I,youandheareallteachers.______________________________________________________2.Thisismineteddybear.______________________________________________________3.Theseareoursbags.______________________________________________________4.Theseistheirteachers.______________________________________________________第三章数词和冠词一、数词表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词,基数词表示数量,序数词表示顺序。1.最基本的基数词如下表所示:1~1011~1920~1001one11eleven2two12twelve20twenty3three13thirteen30thirty4four14fourteen40forty5five15fifteen50fifty\n6six16sixteen60sixty7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten100onehundred*基数词的写法:21~99的两位数,十位与个位之间用连字符“-”。例:21twenty-one32thirty-two99ninety–nine百位数:个位数基数词形式加“hundred”,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上and。例:101ahundredandone.320threehundredandtwenty648sixhundredandforty-eight2.序数词的构成1)一般来说,是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例,four+th---fourthsix+th---sixthseven+th---seventhten+th---tenth2)下面这些基数词在变为序数词时,有特殊的变化。例,one---firsttwo---secondthree---thirdfive---fiftheight---eighthnine---ninthtwelve---twelfth3)十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y变成i,然后在加eth.例,twenty---twentieththirty---thirtiethforty---fortiethninety---ninetieth1)两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。例,twenty–one------twenty-firstthirty-five------thirty-fifthahundredandfifty-three-------ahundredandfifty-third*基数词变序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律;词尾加上th(fourth,sixth)一、二、三,单独记;结尾字母t,d,d;(first,second,third)八去t,九去e,(eighth,ninth);ve要用f替;(fifth,twelfth)整十基数变序数,ty将y变成i;th前面有个e;要是遇到几十几,前用基来后用序。二、冠词冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。a或an是不定冠词,the是定冠词。a用在辅音音素之前,如adesk,atree;an用在元音因素之前,如anapple,anhour,anEnglishbook.1.不定冠词(a,an)指人或事物的某一种类,表示“一个”,但不强调数量。Sheisateacher.That’sanorange.2.定冠词the,是特指某(些)人、某(些)物,或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物,或者是在上文提到过的人和事。Thisisabus.Thebusisbig.3.不用冠词的情况:1)专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如,Chinese,English,Jim等。2)名词前已经有this,that,my,your等词时,就不再用冠词了。如,\nthatmouse(那只老鼠)3)一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如,athome在家gotoschool去上学*定冠词the的用法记忆口诀:特指、重提和唯一,岛屿、海峡和海湾;海洋、党派、最高级,沙漠、河流与群山;方位、顺序和乐器,年代、团体与机关;船名、建筑和组织,会议、条约与报刊;姓氏复数、国全名,记住定冠the加在前。*零冠词用法口诀:月份、星期、节假洲,呼语、头衔职务前;三餐、球类、惯用语,学科、棋类名词前。下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前; 专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭; 复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前; 颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。 注:1) 名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, these等限定词。例如:this pencil-box, his computer, some kites等。 2) 专有名词和不可数名词前一般不用冠词。例如:China, Class One, Grade Three, money, milk, water, rice, meat, bread, juice等。 3) 表示学科的名词前不用冠词。例如:Chinese,English, maths, physics等。又如: I think maths is easy. 我认为数学很容易。 She prefers English to physics. 比起物理,她更喜欢英语。 4) 在三餐饭和球类运动名词前不用冠词。例如:have breakfast / lunch / supper吃早饭(午饭、晚饭),play football / basketball / volleyball / table tennis等。 5) 复数名词表示泛指时通常不用冠词。例如: My parents are teachers. 我父母是教师。 She likes eating bananas. 她喜欢吃香蕉。 6) 季节、节日、星期、月份前通常不用冠词。例如: Summer is hot and days are longer. 夏天热,白天长。 September 10th is Teachers' Day. 9月10日是教师节。 It's Wednesday today. 今天是星期三。 7) 表示颜色、语种和国家的名词前不用冠词。例如: \n Blue is my favourite colour. 兰色是我最喜欢的颜色。 He can speak Japanese. 他会说日语。 Ann comes from Australia. 安来自澳大利亚。 8) 在称呼语以及人名或表示头衔的名词前不用冠词。例如: What's wrong, Granny? 老奶奶,您怎么了? We made him monitor of our class. 我们选他当班长。冠词和数词专项练习一、在空白处填上适当的冠词,不需要的填“/”。1)at____home2)goto_____bed3)goto_____school4)catch______badcold5)have_____goodtime6)______redapple7)_____Englishbook8)______spoon9)_____orange10)______melon11)_______eraser二、选择填空1.Thereis_____“m”intheword“primary”A.anB.aC.theD./2.Thisis____orangebike.A.aB.anC.theD/3.Italwaystakesushalf_____hourtohave____longwalkaftersupper.A.a,aB,a,theC.an,aD.an,the4.Englishis____usefullanguagein____world.A.an,theB.a,theC.the,/D./,the5.Wearegoingto_____cinemathisevening.A.theB./C/aD.an6.He’sstandingon_____othersideof_____river.A.a,aB.the,theC.the,aD.a,the7._____potatoisavegetable,not____fruit.A.The,anB.The,aC.A,theD.An,/8.Hewas_____firsttocome.A.TheB.aC.theD./9.Doyousee____bookon_____table?A.the,aB.a,anC.an,anD.a,the10.Where’s_____desk?It’sin____middleoftheroom.A./,/B./,amC.a,/D.the,the11.Heis_____friendofmine.A.anB./C.theD.a12.Thereis____universitynearthefarm.A.aB.anC.theD./13.Hediedin____autumnof1989.A./B.theC.aD.an14.Ihave____book.It’s_____interestingone.Ilikereading____booksverymuch.A.a,an,/B.a,/,theC.an,an,theD./,an,/15.Todayis_____Children’sDay.A.aB.anC.theD/16.Thisis_____bag.Thatis____eraser.A.a,aB.a,anC.an,aD.an,an四、用代词填空:1._____,_____and____areallgoodfriends.\nA.We,you,theyB.You,they,weC.We,they,youD.They,you,we2.____classroomisbig,but____ismuchbiggerthan_____.A.We,they,usB.Our,their,ourC.Our,theirs,oursD.Our,theirs,we3.Shelost____pen.Willyoulendher____?A.her,yoursB.his,yourC.hers,youD.their,yourself4.“Whatareyoudoing?”“Iamlookingat_____inthemirror?”A.meB.myselfC.itselfD.himself5.____,____and_____allenjoymusic.A.She,you,IB.I,she,youC.You,she,ID.I,you,she能力测试卷(冠词和数词)一、写出相邻的数词1.twenty2.five3.twelve4.fifty-eight5.ninety6.seventy7.thirty-eight8.onehundred9.onethousand10.one二、选择正确答案1.Therearedaysinayear.A.threehundredssixty-fiveB.threehundredsandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixty-fiveD.threehundredandsixtyfive2.Therearestudentsinthisschool.A.eighthundredsandforty-sixB.eighthundredandfortysixC.eighthundredandforty-sixD.eighthundredforty-six3.Mybrotherisin.A.ThreeClass,OneGradeB.ClassThree,GradeOneC.GradeOne,ClassThreeD.classthree,gradeone4.Hewasdoingsomewashing.A.ateightyesterdaymorningB.yesterdaymorningeightC.yesterdaymorningateightD.byeightyesterdaymorning5.Therearemonthsinayear.Decemberisthemonthoftheyear.A.twelve;twelveB.twelve;twelfthC.twelfth;twelveD.twelve;twelveth6.Sundayisthedayoftheweek.A.seventhB.firstC.secondD.third7.Autumnisseasoninayear.A.thefourthB.thethirdC.athirdD.third8.TomwastogettoschoolandIwas.A.first;ninthB.thefirst;theninthC.afirst;aninthD.thesecond;theninth\n9.What’sthedatetoday?It’s.A.FridayB.timetogoC.cloudyD.June4th10.Mondayisthesecondday,and.A.TuesdayisthefourthB.ThursdayisthefifthC.thesecondisTuesdayD.thesecondisThursday第四章一般现在时态一、一般现在时的定义一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作,存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。二、一般现在时的结构一般现在时用行为动词的原形,但第三人称单数作主语时,动词的词尾要加-s或-es。现在以连系动词be和行为动词read为例,对一般现在时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及其简略答语的构成以表格形式加以说明:动词肯定句否定句beIam…Iamnot…You/We/Theyare…You/We/Theyarenot…He/She/Itis...He/She/Itisnot…readI/We/You/Theyread…I/We/You/They/donotread…He/She/Itreads…He/She/Itdoesnotread…动词疑问句简略答语(肯定)简略答语(否定)beAmI…?Yes,youare.No,youarenot.Areyou…?Yes,Iam/weare.No,Iam/wearenot.Arewe…?Yes,we/youare.No,we/youarenot.Arethey…?Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.Ishe…?Yes,heis.No,heisnot.Isshe…?Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.Isit…?Yes,itis.No,itisnot.readDoI/we/theyread…?Yes,you/we/theydo.No,you/we/theydonot.\nDoeshe/she/itread…?Yes,he/she/itdoes.No,he/she/itdoesnot.连系动词be的各种形式常与代词或not缩写成一个词。助动词do,does一般只有与not缩写。联系动词be缩写形式如下肯定缩写否定缩写IamI’mIamnotI’mnotYouareYou’reYouarenotYou’renot/Youaren’tHeisHe’sHeisnotHe’snot/Heisn’tSheisShe’sSheisnotShe’snot/Sheisn’tItisIt’sItisnotIt’snot/Itisn’tWeareWe’reWearenotWe’renot/Wearen’tTheyareThey’reTheyarenotThey’renot/Theyaren’t动词donot的缩写形式为don’t,doesnot的缩写形式为doesn’t。二、动词加-s或-es(动词第三人称单数)当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词需加-s或-es1.一般在词尾加–s例:work—worksleave---leavesswim---swims2.以字母s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的词加-es例:pass---passesfix---fixesteach---teachesdo---does3.以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先变y为i再加-es例:study---studiescarry---carriesfly---fliescry---cries三、一般现在时的用法1.表示经常或习惯性的动作。常与often(经常),always(总是),sometimes(有时),everyday(每天),onSundays/Mondays等表示频度的时间状语连用。一般现在时的时间状语有:today,often,sometimes,always,usually,everyday(week,month,year,…),thisyear,onceaweek(month,year,…)一周(月,年)一次例句:Igetupat6o’clockeveryday.Heoftengoestoschoolbybike.2.表示客观事实,普遍真理。例句:Twoandtwoarefour.二加二等于四。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。3.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。\n一般现在时态专项练习一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式posteatstopjumpgolikevisitpassrisereadridehavegivewriteswimstudywatchflyteachdo二、单项选择()1._____youhaveabook?ADoB.AreC.IsD.Have()2.DoesLiLeiliketowatchTV?______________.A.Yes,helike.B.No,hedoesn’t.C.Yes,he’dlike.D.No,helikes.()3.Shedoesn’t______herhomeworkintheafternoon.A.doingB.todoC.doesD.do()4.How____Mr.Smith______toEngland?A.do,goB.is,goC.does,goD.does,goes()5._____she______homeatsixeveryday?A.Is,leaveB.Does,leaveC.Is,leavesD.Does,left三、用下列动词的适当形式填空1.I______(get)upat6o’clockeveryday.2.Myfather______(have)alovelydog.3.He______(go)toschoolonfoot.4.She______(do)notlikewatchingTV.5.They______(play)footballeverySundayafternoon.四、按要求完成下列各题1.TomorrowisSaturday.(变成一般疑问句)_________________Saturday?2.Doesheplaybasketballeveryweekend?(肯定回答)Yes,_____________.3.Shelookslikehersister.(变一般疑问句)_____she______likehersister?4.PeterandSamlookthesame.(一般疑问句)______they_____thesame?5.Dotheyalwaysgotothemovie(电影院)onSundays?(否定回答)No,______________.五、英汉互译1.Tom经常放学后(afterschool)踢足球。__________________________________2.我喜欢唱歌。__________________________________3.Heoftengoestoschoolonfoot.__________________________________4.Childrenliketoplaythisgame.__________________________________5.今天是星期日。__________________________________\n能力测试卷(一般现在时)一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式gohaveswimstudyrisestopdoridecrygowriteflyplayreadcomebuygivewatchworkcarry二、用动词的适当形式填空1.He_______(go)toschoolonfoot.2.She_______notlikewatchingTV.(do)3.Myfather_______(have)alovelydog.4.Ioften______(get)upatsixeverymorning.5.Mymother_______(work)inaschool.三、英汉互译1.他经常在周六的时候读英语。_____________________________2.Peter每天都帮助妈妈做家务。______________________________3.Tomalwaysplaysfootballafterschool.______________________________4.Igetupatsixo’clockeveryday._______________________________5.Thecoatfits(适合)meverywell._______________________________\n第五章现在进行时态一、现在进行时的定义现在进行时是表示在现在某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作的时态。二、现在进行时的构成现在进行时由“系动词(am,is,are)+现在分词(动词加-ing形式)”构成。现在以动词work为例,对现在进行时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及简略答语列表说明:肯定句否定句Iamworking.Iamnotworking.Youareworking.Youarenotworking.He/She/Itisworking.He/She/Itisnotworking.We/You/Theyareworking.We/You/Theyarenotworking.疑问句简略答语AmIworking?Yes,youare.No,youarenot.Areweworking?Yes,we/youare.No,we/youaren’t.Areyouworking?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Yes,weare.No,wearenot.Ishe/sheitworking?Yes,he/she/itis.No,he/she/itisnot.Aretheyworking?Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.三、现在分词的构成1.一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。stay---stayingdo---doinglisten---listening2.以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing。\nmake---makingride---ridinggive---giving1.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing。注:重读闭音节1、这个音节重度2、结尾必须是辅元辅3、这个辅元辅结构中的元音必须发短元音put---puttingsit---sittingrun---runningprefer---preferredtravel---traveled(重读在第一音节)bid---biddingforbid----forbiddingprohibit---prohibiting(重读在第二音节)2.以ie为重读音节结尾的单词,先去掉e,把i变为y,再加–ing。lie---lyingdie---dying二、现在进行时的用法1.表示现在或说话时正在进行的动作,常和下列时间状语连用:now,atthismoment,atpresent,thesedays(years),thisterm…有时也与look,listen等连用。例句:Look,whatarethemonkeyseating?看,那些猴子在吃什么?2.表示当前一直或反复在进行的动作或难以终止的动作。例句:Theyarerunningandjumpingallthetime.他们一直在跑啊跳啊。现在进行时态专项练习一、写出下列动词的现在分词形式stay__________do__________listen__________suffer__________refuse__________close__________operate_________die_________work________spend_________look_________make__________put__________sit__________run__________tie__________take_________give_________ride_________please_________win_________begin_________open_________lie_________\n一、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.MaryandLucyare________(dance)now.2.Listen!Someoneis_______(play)thepianointhenextroom.3.Heis__________(sweep)theflooratthemoment.4.Look!Thecat________________(eat)thefishonthetable.5.A:______you_______(study)French?B:Yes,Iam.6.Sheoften____________(dance)afterschool.7.Myfatherandmother____________(swim)inthepond.8.Mysisteris________(fly)akiteinthegarden.9.Weare__________(watch)TVnow.10.Bequiet!Thebaby___________(sleep)now.二、改错1.Wearecleanningourclassroom.______________________________2.Sheissinginthenextroom.______________________________3.Whatamyoudoing?______________________________4.MaryiscomeingbackfromBeijing.______________________________5.HeoftenflyingkitesonSundays.______________________________6.Theyisreadingbooksnow.______________________________7.Mybrotherisplaystheguitarnow._______________________________8.Sallyisdanceingintheroom._______________________________9.IwatchingTVathomenow.________________________________10.Doyoulisteningtheradionow?________________________________三、英汉互译1.他正在教室里做作业。______________________________________________2.WearereadingEnglishnow.______________________________________________3.Peter和Billy正在操场上(intheplayground)打篮球。______________________________________________4.Look!Abirdisflyinginthesky.______________________________________________5.公共汽车来了。______________________________________________6.刘先生经常在周日的时候(onSundays)看英语书。______________________________________________\n1.Heisn’tplayinggames.Heisstudying.______________________________________________2.孩子们在摘(pick)苹果。______________________________________________3.Thatsonofyoursisalwaysmakingtroubles(捣乱).______________________________________________10.你们正在做什么?____________________________________________________能力测试卷(现在进行时态)一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式及现在分词形式play________________sit________________do________________stop________________put________________swim________________skate________________dance________________fly________________lie________________二、用动词的适当形式填空1.Iam__________(watch)TVnow.2.He______________(play)intheclassroomnow.3.Sheoften__________(dance)afterschool.4.Mysisteris________(fly)akiteinthepark.5.Myparents(父母)________(swim)inthepond.三、改错1.IwatchingTVathomenow.____________________________2.Myfatherisplaysthepiano.____________________________1.HeoftenflyingkitesonSundays.____________________________2.Theyisreadingbooks._____________________________3.Sheisdancingintheroom._____________________________三、英汉互译1.Billy正在教室里做作业。________________________________________2.MymotheralwayscleansthehouseonSaturdays._________________________________________1.你正在做什么?_________________________________________\n1.他们没有踢足球,他们在打篮球。_________________________________________2.Thebusiscoming.________________________________________第六章一般将来时态一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year„),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。 二、基本结构: ①be going to + do; ②will+ do. 三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。 例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。 例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1.问人。Who 例如:I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon. 2.问干什么。What „ do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3. 问什么时候。When.例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed? 六、同义句:be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow. 、Will和begoingto结构的区别一、两者均可用来表示将来的意图,但"begoingto"结构语义稍强些。例如:TheyaregoingtoclimbtheQomolangmaoneday.他们准备/想将来某一天去爬珠穆朗玛峰。二、对于事先经过考虑的打算、计划、意图,应使用begoingto,而不是will结构。例如:\n—WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?下星期天你打算干什么?—I'mgoingtogofishing.我打算去钓鱼。三、对于未经过考虑的打算,计划,只是临时之意,则用will结构,不用begoingto结构。例如:—Whereisthetelephonebook?电话号码簿在哪儿?—I'llgoandgetitforyou.我去给你拿。四、在表示即将发生某事时,两者区别意义不大,多可互换。例如:Whatisgoingtohappen?就要发生什么事?Whatwillhappen?将要发生什么事?一般说来,begoingto表示较近的将来,而will则表示较远的将来。试比较:Itisgoingtosnowtonight.今晚要下雪。Therewillbeastrongwindinafewdays.几天后将有一场大风。五、表示不受人的主观意愿影响的单纯将来,一般只能用will结构。例如:TomorrowwillbeAprilFools'Day.明天是愚人节。六、在正式的通知(如新闻媒体公布的官方消息,气象预报等)中用will结构。例如:TherewillbeaheavyraintothesouthofHuaiRiver.淮河以南将有大雨。练习: 填空。 1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ have a picnic with my friends. 2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball. What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。 _____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _______ you _________ __________ meet? 改句子。 5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定) Nancy ________ going to go camping. 6. I’ll go and join them.(改否定) I _______ go ______ join them. \n6. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句) ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句) _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问) ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week. 13. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike. 14.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects? 15.It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects. 16. What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows. 17. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now第七章一般过去时1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。 2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化: ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t) ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t) \n⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。 如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 一般疑问句变化规律:一般疑问句也叫Yes/No问句;变化规则如下;1.句子中有be动词时;将be动词提前;首字母变大写;句末用问号。例;Heisateacher.Isheateacher?Youareaboy.Areyouaboy?2.句子里有情态动词can(能?会)时;将can提前;首字母变大写;句末用问号。例;Hecanswim.Canheswim?Youcanplayfootball.Canyouplayfootball?3.句子里没有be动词和can时;要借助助动词do/does,将do/does提前;句末用问号。例;Ilikeapples.Doyoulikeapples?Hehasapen.Doeshehaveapen?*回答的时候;用什么文就用什么回答;问的谁就用谁回答。特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形? 如:\n What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式? 如:Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则: 1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted 3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped 4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied 5.不规则动词过去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 一般过去时练习 写出下列动词的过去式 is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ \nBe动词的过去时练习(1) 一、用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I _______ at school just now. 2. He ________ at the camp last week. 3. We ________ students two years ago. 4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year. 6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening. 二、句型转换 1. It was exciting. 否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 2. All the students were very excited. 否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 3. They were in his pocket. 否定句:________________________________________________ \n一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ Be动词的过去时练习(2) 一、用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I ______ an English teacher now. 2. She _______ happy yesterday. 3. They _______ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends. 5. The little dog _____ two years old this year. 6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here. 7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.. 8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited. 二、句型转换 1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 三、中译英 1.我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。 \n___________________________________________________________ 2.他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。 ___________________________________________________________ 3.一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。 ___________________________________________________________ 行为动词的过去时练习(1) 一、用行为动词的适当形式填空 1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago. 2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night. 3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween. 4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week. 5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday. 6. They ________ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson. 7. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival. 8. The girls ________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party. 二、句型转换 1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day. 否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 2. Nancy went to school early. \n 否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 3. We sang some English songs. 否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 行为动词的过去时练习(2) 一、用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go) 4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______. 6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______. 8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly. 二、句型转换 1. They played football in the playground. 否定句:________________________________________________ \n 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 三、中译英 1. 格林先生去年住在中国。 ________________________________________________________ 2. 昨天我们参观了农场。 ________________________________________________________ 3. 他刚才在找他的手机。 ________________________________________________________ 一、 用动词的适当形式填空 1. It ______ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday. 2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night. 3. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen ________ (milk) a cow on Friday. 5. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read) 6. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play) 7. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now. 8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____. 9. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday. 10. We ___________ (go) to school on Sunday. 二、中译英 \n1. 我们上周五看了一部电影。 _________________________________________________________ 2. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗?是的。 ________________________________________________________ 3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么?我们参观了动物园。 _________________________________________________________ 4. 你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。 _________________________________________________________ 时态综合练一练:( 每空根据需要可以填多个词) 1、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1)Today is a sunny day. We _______________ ( have ) a picnic this afternoon. 2)My brother__________ ( go ) to Shanghai next week. 3)Tom often _________( go ) to school on foot. But today is rain. He_____ ( go ) to school by bike. 4)What do you usually do at weekends? I usually_____ (watch) TV and_____ (catch) insects? 5)It’\ns Friday today. What_____ she_____ ( do ) this weekend? She _____ ( watch ) TV and _____ ( catch ) insects. 4)What_____ ( do ) you do last Sunday? I_____ ( pick ) apples on a farm. What _____ ( do ) next Sunday? I __________ ( milk ) cows. 5)Mary __________ ( visit ) her grandparents tomorrow. 8)Liu Tao __________ ( fly ) kites in the playground yesterday. 9)David __________ ( give ) a puppet show next Monday. 10)I __________ ( plan ) for my study now. 2、根据中文,完成句子,每空一词。 1)杨玲正在问高山一些关于公共标志的问题。 Yang Ling is _____ Gao Shan some __________ about _____ _________ 2)David最喜爱的科目是英语。 _____ favorite subject _____ __________. 3)谁跑得快,男孩还是女孩? Who_____ _____, the boys or the girls? 4)我父亲每天起床都很早,锻炼身体。 My father _____ up_____ and_____ some exercise every day. 5)你们有什么爱好?他喜欢集邮,我喜欢听音乐。 ---What _____ your _____ ? ---He _____ _____ stamps and I \nlike__________to music. 6)昨天我们想去参观博物馆,可不认识去的路。我们就问了一个警察,他告诉了我们路线。 We _____ to_____the museum, but we _____ know _____ _____ _____ there. We_____ a policeman, and he told _____ the way. 7)Nancy将在音乐会上演奏钢琴吗? _____ Nancy _____ to_____ the _____ _____ the concert? 8)我们开始上课好吗?谁来读生词? _____ we _____ our lesson now? _____ would _____ to _____ the _____ word?第八章、形容词和副词的比较级一、形容词的比较级 1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。⑴、than两者(人/物)进行比较时用比较级,表示“一个比另一个更…”或“较…”。句式为:A+谓语动词+比较级+than+B。如果上下文明确,比较级也可单独使用。①Heis____________(tall)thanhisfather.他比他父亲高。②Thisshirtistoosmall.Doyouhavea___(big)one?这件衬衣太小了。你有大一些的吗?\n⑵、or句式:特殊疑问句,AorB?如:Whois___________(young),LucyorLily?露西和莉莉,谁更小一些?⑶、修饰比较级的词:alot,much,far…得多alittle,abit…一点儿even甚至still仍然如:①I'malittle____________(tall)thanhim.我比他高一点。②Thatmustbealot_________________(interesting)thantakingabus.⑷、ofthetwo比较级前要加the用the+比较级+ofthetwo(thetwins/parents)特指两者中较(高/矮……)的一个。①Tinais____________(tall)ofthetwins.②Mikeis____________(smart)ofthetwoboys. 2.形容词加er的规则: ⑴一般在词尾加er ; ⑵以字母e 结尾,加r ; ⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。 3.不规则形容词比较级: good-better, beautiful-more beautiful 二、副词的比较级 1.形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动) ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后 ⑵\n副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后 2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化:well-better, far-farther) 练习 一)、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 old__________ young________ tall_______ long________ short________ strong________ big________ small_______ fat_________ thin__________ heavy______ light________ nice_________ good_________ beautiful__________________ low__________ high_________ slow_______ fast________ late__________ early_________ far_________ well_______ 二)、根据句意填入单词的正确形式: 1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me. 2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is. 4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is. 5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is. 6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s. 7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____. 9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls. 10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she).. 11.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or \nthe pig? 12.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom? 13._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______. 14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow). 15.The child doesn’t______(write) as ____(fast) as the students. 三)、翻译句子: 1、谁比Jim年纪大?是你。 ________ is _________than Jim? ________ are 2、谁比David更强壮?是Gao Shan. ________ _________ than David? Gao Shan ________. 3、谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?我想是她的。 _________ pencil is _________,______or________?________is,I think. 4、谁的苹果更重,你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的? 我的弟弟的。 _________ apples ________ ________,your _______ or your _______? My ____________ ___________. 5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗?是的。 _________ ________as _________as your uncle?Yes,I am. 6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。 He _______ as __________ as ________ ________ Jim. 7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗?不,她比他瘦。 ________ ________ as _________ as______ twin _______? No, _________ _________ than him. 8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。 Yang Ling ________ to _______ ________ than Su Yang every day. \n9.我跳得和Mike一样远。 I _________ as _______ as Mike. 10.Tom比你跑得快吗?不是的,他和我跑得一样快。 ____ Tom _____ _____ than you?No,he _______. He_____ as_____ as_____. 11.多做运动,你会更强壮。 ________ more exercise,you’ll ________ _________ soon. 12.我的科学很好,但是语文不好。 I ______ ________ at Science.But I don’t _________ well in Chinese. 13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗?不,我比他放得低。 ____you_______the kite_____than Wang bing?No,I______it _____than___. 14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。 I like_______.All my______ _______ _______than me. 15.我的姐姐起得比我早。My_____ _____ up _____than me. 16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗?是的。 ____the girls______ ______ ______the boys? Yes,they ____. 17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。 She doesn’t ____ _____ in PE. But I don’t ______ _____than_____. 18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗?不,他们踢得和我一样好。 ___ you ____football _____than your classmates?No,they____as____as me. 19.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My_____ _____ ______than my ______. 20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。 \n_____sweater_____ as_______as_____. 21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。 My dress_____ too_____. I want to _____a______one. 22. I'm taller than Mike .(该成用原级的比较) I'm _________ as ________ as Mike.第九章句型一、陈述句定义:凡是说明一件事情,提出一个看法,或是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句,陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。肯定句变否定句肯定句变否定句就是加notno或表示否定的词英语的句子重要取决于动词而动词又有时态的变化因此在不同的时态的句子中的位置不同陈述句练习把下列陈述句变成否定句。1.MyfatherwatchesTVeveryday.Myfather_________TVeveryday.2.Kateoftendoesherhomeworkatsix.Kate____often____herhomeworkatsix.3.Igotoschoolatseven.I_______toschoolatseven.4.Sheusuallygoeshomebybus.She____usually____homebybus.5.Theyaregoodstudents.They________goodstudents.6.Heisclever.He________clever.\n7.Hehassomebreadforbreakfasteverymorning.He____________breadforbreakfasteverymorning.8.Ioftendrinksometeaintheafternoon.I___often________teaintheafternoon.9.Hehassomeeggs.He____________eggs.10.Kimlikeshisnewbike.Kim________hisnewbike.二、疑问句疑问句是用来提出问题的,疑问句又包括:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反义疑问句和选择疑问句。一、一般疑问句:1.一般疑问句又可以叫做yes/no句型,需要用yes或no来回答。2.一般疑问句的基本结构:be动词(am,is,are)+主语+表语?have动词(表示“有”:have,has)+主语+宾语…?情态动词(can,may,must…)+主语+行为动词(或be)?助动词(do,does)+主语+行为动词?助动词(shall,will,have,has…)+主语+行为动词(或be)?3.变一般疑问句的方法:(一调,二变,三问号)当句中有Be(am,is,are)动词的时候:1、将Be(am,is,are)提前,放于句首(大写);2、将人称变换,第一人称变第二人称(I→you,we→you,my→your,our→your),第二人称变第一人称(you→I,you→we,your→my,your→our),第三人称不变(一变二,二变一,三不变)3、在句尾加问号“?”4、回答:肯定:Yes,主语+be.否定:No,主语+be+not.当句中没有Be动词,有情态动词的时候:1、提前can,may,放于句首(大写);2、将人称变换,第一人称变第二人称(I→you,we→you,my→your,our→your),第二人称变第一人称(you→I,you→we,your→my,your→our),第三人称不变(一变二,二变一,三不变)3、在句尾加问号“?”4、回答:肯定:Yes,主语+can.否定:No,主语+can+not.句中没有Be动词和情态动词can的时候:1、在句首加Do或Does,当主语是第三人称单数的时候用Does,其它都用Do2、将人称变换,第一人称变第二人称(I→you,we→you,my→your,our→your),第二人称变第一人称(you→I,you→we,your→my,your→our),第三人称不变(一变二,二变一,三不变)\n3、在句尾加问号“?”4、回答:肯定:Yes,主语+do/does否定:No,主语+do/does+not.其它在句中要变换的词有some→any,am→are英语里只有三种人称.第一人称:我,我们,(I),we【me,us】(我),我们第二人称:你,你们,(you),you【you,you】(你),你们第三人称:他,她,它(he,she,it,)【him,her,it】他们they【them】还有一些人名也算第三人称,比如Kangkang,Jane.像yourfather(你的爸爸)这也算第三人称.第三人称单数指他(he)她(she)它(it)或者单个人名,第三人称复数是都用they他们/她们/它们此外,不可数名词在用法上也同于第三人称单数。二、特殊疑问句:以疑问代词what,who(whom),whose,which或疑问副词when,where,how,why放在句首提问的句子叫做特殊疑问句,答语只要针对问句中的疑问代词或疑问副词来回答,不用yes或no。1.疑问词+一般疑问句(疑问词作宾语、表语、状语或定语)。Whatdoyouwant?你要什么?WhendoyouhaveEnglishclass?你们什么时候有英语课?Whosecoatisthis?这是谁的大衣?Howdidheknowit?他是怎么知道它的?Whydidyousaythis?你为什么要这么说?Whichisyourumbrella?哪个是你的雨伞?Wherewerethesebusesmade?这些巴士是哪儿制造的?2.疑问代词作主语或作主语的定语时,词序与陈述句相同:疑问代词(+名词)+谓语。WhoteachesyourbrotherJapanese?谁教你弟弟日语?Whatisintheboxonthetable?桌上那个盒子里装的是什么?Whosehandwritingisthebestinyourclass?你们班里谁的书法最好?*疑问代词:who:主语、宾语、表语、用来提问表示“人”的各种成分。whose:用来提问“谁的”。which:用来提问“哪一个/位”。what:提问表示“干什么”等意思*疑问副词:when:提问在何时。where:提问在何地why:提问表示原因的短语或句子how:提问表示程度或方式的副词或短语*由疑问词how构成的短语引导的问句howold(表示年龄)多大了,howlong(表示时间或物体的长短)有多长,howmany+复数名词表示多少,howmuch+不可数名词表示多少,howfar(表示距离)多远\n疑问句专项练习按要求改写句子,每空格限填一词。1.It’salargeroom.(改为复数形式)_____________largerooms.2.Hehastobuyadictionaryforhisdaughter.(改为否定句)He______________tobuyadictionaryforhisdaughter.3.UncleWanglikesmakingthings.(改为否定句)UncleWang______________makingthings.4.Annreturnedthebooktothelibraryyesterday.(改写为一般疑问句)______Ann_______thebooktothelibraryyesterday?.5.Thehospitalisabout300metersaway.(就划线部分提问)_______________isthehospital?6.Therearefifty-twostudentsinourclass.(就划线部分提问)______________studentsarethereinyourclass?7.Iwritetomymotheronceaweek.(就划线部分提问)____________doyouwritetoyourmother?8.Hehasthreepens.(就划线部分提问)______________pensdoeshehave?9.Sheistenyearsold.(就划线部分提问)_______________isshe?10.Theyhaveaclassmeetingeveryotherweek.(改为否定句)They______________aclassmeetingeveryotherweek.11.Shehasdinnerwithhergrandparentsonceaweek.(改为一般疑问句)______she_______dinnerwithhergrandparentsonceaweek?12.Thiskindofcoldcomesandgoesveryquickly.(改为一般疑问句)_______thiskindofcold______and______veryquickly?13.Hespentawholemorningcleaningtheroom.(就划线部分提问)__________________he______cleaningtheroom.\n14.Mybrotherhaslunchattheschooleveryday.(改为一般疑问句)________yourbrother________lunchattheschooleveryday?15.Putthebookonthedesk.(否定句)____________thebookonthedesk.16.Hisbikewasboughtyesterday.(就划线部分提问)_____________wasboughtyesterday?17.Shedoesmorningexerciseseveryday.(否定句)She______________morningexerciseseveryday.18.Mymotherisverywell.(就划线部分提问)_______isyourmother?19.Shehastostayathome.(改为一般疑问句)_______she_______tostayathome.20.Tomhaslunchatschooleveryday.(改为一般疑问句)_______Tom______lunchatschooleveryday.三、祈使句一、祈使句:用来表示下达命令、提出要求、建议和劝告的句子。说话的对象通常是第二人称you,习惯上常省略。祈使句的肯定句谓语动词用原形,否定句一般用don’t,never开始。1.肯定祈使句句型1:动词let+第一、三人称宾格代词+V.例句:Let’sgotoschool.让我们去上学吧。Letmetry.让我试一试。Lethimcomeupstairs.让他上楼吧。句型2:动词+其他部分例句:Pleaseopenthedoor.\n请开门。Turntopagetwo.请将书翻到第二页。Listentome.请听我讲。Stoptalking.别说话。二、否定祈使句(一般在句首加Don’t.)1.Climbthetree,please.请爬树。(肯定句)Don’tclimbthetree!不要爬树。(否定句)2.Openthedoor.打开门。(肯定句)Don’topenthedoor.不要开门。(否定句)三、陈述句变祈使句1.Youcan’tmakefacesinclass.你不能在课堂上做鬼脸。Don’tmakefacesinclass.不要在课堂上做鬼脸。2.Youcan’treadinbed.你不要在床上看书。Don’treadinbed.不要在床上看书。祈使句专项训练一、连词成句并改写成否定句。1.on\walk\the\grass________________________________________________________________________________________________2.ride\a\here\bike________________________________________________________________________________________________二、按要求改写下列句子1.Shelikesplayingbasketballafterschool.(否定句)_________________________________________________2.Hedidhishomeworkyesterdayevening.(一般疑问句)\n_________________________________________________3.Tomwrotealettertohismotheryesterday.(否定句)_________________________________________________4.Mymothercanmakekites.(一般疑问句)_________________________________________________5.Therearesomedictionariesonthedesk.(否定句)_________________________________________________四、therebe与have\has句型一.“Therebe”句型“Therebe+某(些)人或物+某地(或某时)”是指“某地(时)存在某人(或某物)”。谓语be必须在数上和主语保持一致。如果主语中既有单数又有复数,be的形式变化与它最近的主语相一致。(一)结构Therebe(is\are)+某……1)Thereis+①可数名词单数②不可数名词2)Thereare+可数名词复数(二)用法1.肯定句:Thereis\are+_________.2.否定句:Thereis\are+not____________3.一般疑问句:Is\Are+there…?Yes,thereis\are.No,thereis\arenot.(三)Therebe句型中的be与离它最近的名词有关。例,Thereisanappleandtwopearsonthetable.Therearetwopearsandanappleonthetable.二、have\has句型是指某人有某物(表示所有、拥有关系)I\We\You\They\人名(复数)\事物(复数)+have…He\She\It\人名(单数)\事物(单数)+has…句型专项练习题一、用“have,therebe”的适当形式填空\n1.He_________alotoffriends.2.__________________fourseasonsinayear.3.She_________sevensons.4.__________________anymilkinthecup?5.Beijing________manyuniversities.6.We_______alotofworktodo.7.__________________abookandtwopensonthetable.8.They______manybeautifulflowers.9.__________________threepencilsandarulerinthepencil-box.10.Myfather________aredcar.二、用适当的词填空1.Heoften_______up________sixo’clock_______themorning.2.What’swrong________yourmother?3.Marycan________akite.4.There_______anappleandthreebananasinthebag.三、选择填空1.There_____twoknivesinthepencil–box.A.areB.isC.beD.am2.Howmanycounties_____inEurope?A.isitB.isthereC.aretheyD.arethere3.Look!There____someapplesinthattree.A.isB.areC.beD.am4.There____somechildrenplayingontheplayground.A.isB.areC.hasD.have5.-Arethereanyfishinthelakenow?-No.____anywaterinitinwinter.A.Thereisn’tB.Therearen’tC.Itisn’tD.Theyaren’t6.There____anappletreeneartheriver.\nA.amB.areC.isD.be7._____thereanygoodnewsintoday’snewspaper?A.AreB.IsC.HaveD.Has8.There_____abananaandtenpearsinthebasket.A.areB.isC.hasD.have9.There_____someorangesonthetable.A.areB.isC.amD.be10.There____forty–sixtystudentsinClass_____.A.have,ThreeB.are,ThreeC.have,ThirdD.are,Third11.There_____atablewiththreelegsinJenny’sroom.A.isB.areC.hasD.have12.There_____tendeerandamonkeyinthephoto.A.isB.areC.beD.have四、汉译英1.在教室里有二十五名男生和三十名女生。_____________________________________________2.在杯里没有一些水。_____________________________________________3.在你的书包里有一本故事书吗?_____________________________________________语法综合练习题(一)一、写出下列单词的复数形式1.butterfly7.watch13.tomato2.sheep8.tooth14.child3.mouse9.man15.potato4.deer10.goose16.knife5.monkey11.leaf17.radio\n6.box12.story18.dress一、汉译英1.Tony的手表______________2.教师节____________________3.同学们的教室_______________4.弟弟的球___________________二、用适当的人称代词填空1.Thisis_______(I)book,thatis___________(she).2.Theseare___________(they)flowers.3.________(she)brotherissix,but______(I)isseven.4.Therearemanyapplesin__________(you)bag.三、用a,an填空1._________orangepencil2.________oldwoman3.________baseball4.________hour四、写出下列动词的单三及现在分词形式1.get________________2.read________________3.skip________________4.listen________________5.draw________________6.close________________五、写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级1.fat4.good2.nice5.happy3.long6.old六、用适当介词填空1.Therearemanypears_________thetree.2.Heoftenplaysfootball________school.3.Hegoes_______school________Sundays.4.Thebirdsare________thetree.5.Therearetwopictures_______thewall.七、用动词的适当形式填空1.Mysisteroften_______herhomeworkathome.(do)\n1.Youmust_______tobednow.(go)2.Heis_________intheroom.(sing)3.Isshe________thewindownow?(clean)4.MayI________thedoor?(open)5.Sheis________inRoomTwo.(dance)6.Heoften_________uplateonSundays.(get)7.Myfatherusually________TVatnight.(watch)8.Marycan__________booksbyherself.(read)9.Sam_________inthepool.(swim)二、按要求改写句子1.Thisisabasketball.(改为复数句)2.Sheismymother.(就划线部分提问)3.Thereisanorangeandfourrulersonthetable.(同义句)4.Tomplayssoccereveryday.(否定句)5.Canyouswim?(否定句)___________________________6.Heisreadingabook.Heisintheclassroom.(改写成一句话)三、改错。1.Hewritingaletterintheroom._____________________2.Shecanswimsintheriver.________________________3.HeandIamgoodfriends._________________________4.Herfatherisplaysthepiano.______________________5.Therearethreewindowsonthewall.________________\n1.Thebookisminesister’s._______________________语法综合练习题(二)一、用am,is,are填空1.This________aninterestingbook.1.I________acleverboy.2.You_______agoodteacher.3.She_______apoliceman.4.These________theirbooks.5.HeandI________goodfriends.二、用have,therebe的适当形式填空1.I________acomputer,andmybrother________aTV.2.________________anappleandtwobooksonthedesk.3.________________anymilkintheglass?4.________________anysheeponthefarm?5.Shedoesn’t_______asister.6.He________aredbag,buthisbrotherdoesn’t________one.一、根据要求转换句型1.Thatisaredcar.(变复数句子)__________________________________________________________2.ShelikesreadingEnglishbooks.(变否定句)___________________________________________________________________3.Mikehaslunchatschool.(变一般疑问句)___________________________________________________________________4.Thedressisverybeautiful.(变感叹句)___________________________________________________________________\n5.Therearefifteenbooksonthedesk.(划线部分提问)___________________________________________________________________6.Youcan’tmakefacesinclass.(变祈使句)___________________________________________________________________7.Putthebookonthefloor.(变否定句)___________________________________________________________________8.Hehasabeautifulbike.(变一般疑问句)___________________________________________________________________9.Sheisagoodgirl.(变感叹句)___________________________________________________________________10.他正在屋里唱歌。(汉译英)___________________________________________________________________11.Hewrotealetteryesterday.(变一般疑问句)___________________________________________________________________12.SheoftenwatchesTVafterschool.(变否定句)___________________________________________________________________13.他的钢笔比她的漂亮。(汉译英)___________________________________________________________________语法综合练习题(三)一、写出下列单词的复数形式(9分)1.city4.key7.mouse2.bus5.English8.sheep3.tomato6.brush9.knife二、写出下列单词的单数形式(9分)1.children4.butterflies7.men2.leaves5.potatoes8.feet\n3.babies6.glasses9.monkeys三、写出下列动词的单数第三人称、过去式和现在分词形式(10分)动词单数第三人称现在分词1.go2.write3.do4.leave5.buy6.stop7.have8.swim9.sing10.know四、写出下列短语(10分)1.回家6.在家2.进来7.去上学3.做作业8.放风筝4.步行9.准时5.起床10.及时五、用适当的介词填空(10分)1.What’swrong__________yourfather?2.Look!Therearemanybirds________thetree.3.Whichisthebestsport___________summer?4.Doyouknowwhereshecomes__________________?5.Howmanypeoplearethere________yourfamily?\n6.Don’tread________thesun.7.It’stime________lunch.8.It’stime_________gotoschool.9.Ioftengetup________six________themorning.七、选择填空(10分)()1.________bookonthedeskis________usefulone.A.The,anB.A,aC.The,a()2.“WhereisMike?”“Ithinkheisin__________.”A.SecondroomB.RoomTwoC.roomsecond()3.Whoruns__________inyourclass?A.fastB.fasterC.fastest()4.DoeshespeakEnglish__________hisbrother?A.asgoodasB.aswellasC.bestthan()5.He_________at6:30everymorning.OrLUA.oftengetupB.oftengetsupC.getsupoften()6.Whoisrunning______,LilyorLucy?A.veryslowlyB.moreslowlyC.mostslowly()7._______excitingtheTVplayis!A.HowB.WhatC.HowanD.Whatan()8.“Oh,dear!________expensiveitis!”A.HowB.WhatC.HowaD.Whata()9.There_______afilmnextweek.A.willhaveB.isgoingtohaveC.isgoingtobe()10.________heplayingfootballnow?A.amB.IsC.DoseD.Are八、用动词的适当形式填空。(10分)1.Heis________(read)abooknow.2.Mysisteroften_________(go)toschoolat7:00.\n3.Marycan_________(ride)abike.4.Didyou_________(swim)inapoolyesterday?5.She_________(sing)now.6.What_______you_______(do)nextSaturday?7.Tom___________(notdo)hishomeworkyesterday.8.Look.She_______________(dance)overthere.9.InChina,spring___________(begin)inFebruary.10.MayI__________(ride)thebike?九、改错(5分)1.Therearesomemonkeiesinthezoo.____________________2.Thebookismy.__________________3.Thisishersruler.Thatismine.__________________4.Shedon’tlikereadingEnglish._______________5.Maryhaveablueskirt._________________________十、句型转换(15分)1.MaryoftenwatchesTVafterschool.(否定句)2.Hewrotealetteryesterdayevening.(一般疑问句)3.“Whatishedoing?”“He______________(fly)akite.”4.Tomhasfourbikes.(划线部分提问)5.Myfatherisverywell.(划线部分提问)6.Therearesomeapplesinthebag.(否定句)