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名词语法和练习题1.定义名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词,专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词。2.名词复数的规则变化(情况,构成方法,读音,例词)a.一般情况在名词后加-s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags/car-carsb.以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的名词加-es读/iz/bus-buses/watch-watches/brush-brushes/box-boxesc.以ce,se,ze,等结尾加-s读/iz/license-licensesd.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把变y为i再加es读/z/baby---babiese.以o结尾的名词,变复数时:1).加s,如:photo---photospiano---pianosradio---radioszoo---zoos;1精品学习资料可选择pdf第1页,共10页-----------------------\n2).加es,如:potato--potatoestomato--tomatoes3).上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros/zeroes。f.以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:1).加s,如:belief---beliefsroof---roofssafe---safesgulf---gulfs2).去f,fe加ves,如:half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves3).上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。3.名词复数的不规则变化1)child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---women注意:由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women,如anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是theBowmans。2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,yuan等。4.名词所有格1)在英语中有些名词可以加“’s”来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,例如:Where’sLinTao’sbike?林涛的自行车在哪?2)如果原词已经有复数词尾-s,则仅仅加一个“’”,例如:teachers’office老师的办公室3)如果是复数,但不带词尾-s,则仍然加“’s”,例如:thosemen’shats那些男士的帽子4)如果表示各自的所有关系时,名词末尾均需加“’s”,例如:Jim’sandKate’sglasses吉姆和凯特各自的眼镜5)如果表示共同的所有关系时,仅在最后一词的末尾加“’s”,例如:JimandKate’skite吉姆和凯特的风筝(两个人共同拥有的)2精品学习资料可选择pdf第2页,共10页-----------------------\n6)如果表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,例如:ShallwegotoMeimei’sforsupper?我们一起到梅梅家去吃饭,好吗?7)没有生命的名词所有格用of,例如:Thisisaphotoofmyfamily.这是我家的一张全家福。练习题一.圈出下列单词中的不可数名词peachinkwaterzoosistercoffeeknifesnowiceteaorangefridgejeeprainwindcarteachermusicearcolawatermeloncherry二.写出下列名词的复数形式1.watch__________2.class__________3.shelf__________4.dog__________5.dish__________6.child__________7.nurse__________8.desk__________9.boy__________10.baby__________11.tooth_________12.eye__________13.sheep_________14.tomato_______15.library_________16.goose_________17.photo________18.telephone_________三.填入所给名词的适当形式1.Wehavethree________(pen).2.Thisisan__________(apple).3.Whereisthe__________(pencil)?4.Thereisalittle__________inthebottle(juice).5.Areyoua__________(driver)?Yes,Iam.6.Thereareafew__________(watch)onthedesk.7.Many__________(shelf)areinourschoollibrary.8.Hehassome__________(ink).9.The__________(girl)inredisMary.10.Howmany__________(people)arethereinyourfamily?Three.四.将下列名词按所给例词的词义属性归类schoolpineapplepandajacketpeachcatpenlibraryhattrousersrulerclassroomlemondresstigerplaygroundinkerasershirtelephantballpoint–pencomputerroomdeerpencil-casesnakeshortssocks1.pencil2.banana3.coat4.wolf5.schoolbuilding五、选择题()1.Thereis__________onthetable.b)PlateB.aplateC.plates()2.Icanseemany__________inthegarden.A.flowersB.aflowerC.flowers3精品学习资料可选择pdf第3页,共10页-----------------------\n()3.The_____onthehillsareallwhite.A.sheepB.sheepsC.dog()4.Thesenew_____areforyou.A.skirtB.shoeC.shirts()5.Theclockhasthree______A.legsB.legC.faces()6.Theyarenotinthesame_______.A.classB.classesC.familys()7.Isthisyour_____?A.akeyB.keysC.key()8.Theyarehaving_____.A.aclassB.EnglishclassC.Chineseclass()9.Therearesomany_____inthehall.A.peoplesB.peopleC.apeople()10.The_____hassomenicepictures.A.boysB.teachersC.child()11.The_____aredancingattheparty.A.womanB.womenC.man()12.The_____areinRoom408.A.studentB.astudentC.students()13.Who’sthat_____?She’smymother.A.manB.womanC.women()14.The_____arecatchingthethief.A.policemanB.policemenC.policemans()15.Therearenew_____inmyschoolbag.A.knifeB.knifesC.knives()16._____jacketisit?Maybeit’s_____.A.Who’s;TomsB.What;Tom’sC.Whose;Tom’s()17.Thebooksarethe_____.A.teachers’B.teachersC.teacher()18.Therearealotofchildrenintheparkon_____Day.A.childrenB.Children’sC.Childrens’()19.Isitthetwins’bedroom?Yes,itis.It’s_____bedroom.A.AnnandAnna’sB.Ann’sandAnna’sC.AnnandAnna()20.Thatis_____dog.A.Tom’sB.TomsC.Tom()21._____coatsareverypretty.A.JimandTim’sB.Jim’sandTim’sC.JimandTim()22.Theyaregoingtotheir_____homefordinner.A.unclesB.uncleC.uncle’s()23.Thebigroomis_____.A.thetwin’sB.twins’C.thetwins’th()24.March8is_____.A.Woman’sDayB.Womans’DayC.Women’sDay4精品学习资料可选择pdf第4页,共10页-----------------------\n六、英汉互译。1.一位美国医生____________2.许多绵羊___________3.不同的季节____________4.一杯牛奶_____________5.凯特的家庭照__________6.myuncle’sfriend___________7.hercat’sname____________8.thedoorsoftheclassroom_______9.thetwins’mother_________10.LucyandKate’sbedroom______小学英语之小学英语数词练习题()1.Thereare___________daysinayear.A.threehundredandsixtyfiveB.threehundredandsixty-fiveC.threehundredsandsixtyfiveD.threehundredsandsixty—five()2.Dannylivesin__________.A.room404B.Room404C.404roomD.404Room()3.Jimisin__________.A.classone,gradesixB.gradeone,classsixC.ClassOne,GradeSixD.GradeOne,ClassSix()4.Thebikecostme_________yuan.A.fivehundredfortyB.fivehundredsfourtyC.fivehundredandfortyD.fivehundredfourty()5.Mytelephonenumberis____________.A.eightyeighttwofortyfourzeronineB.eighteighttwodoublefourOnineC.eightyeighttwoforty-fourzeronineD.eighteighttwofourfourzeronine()6.Isthereanyfoodforus_________?A.tenB.tenthC.thetenthD.theten()7.Maryis_________girl.A.an8yearoldB.8一years—oldC.the8yearsoldD.an8一year—old()8.—Whatdayistoday?—___________A.JuneB.TuesdayC.ItishotD.It’sfine()9.—What’sthedatetoday?—___________A.It’sSaturdayB.It’sJulyC.It’sfineD.It’sJuIy15()10.—Whattimedoyougetupeveryday?A.It’sseveno’clockB.Seveno’clocktimeC.AtsevenD.Onseven1.Thereare___________daysinayear.A.threehundredandsixtyfiveB.threehundredandsixty-fiveC.threehundredsandsixtyfiveD.threehundredsandsixty—five()2.Dannylivesin__________.A.room404B.Room404C.404roomD.404Room()3.Jimisin__________.A.classone,gradesixB.gradeone,classsixC.ClassOne,GradeSixD.GradeOneClassSix5精品学习资料可选择pdf第5页,共10页-----------------------\n()4.Thebikecostme_________yuan.A.fivehundredfortyB.fivehundredsfourtyC.fivehundredandfortyD.fivehundredfourty()5.Mytelephonenumberis____________.A.eightyeighttwofortyfourzeronineB.eighteighttwodoublefourOnineC.eightyeighttwoforty-fourzeronineD.eighteighttwofourfourzeronine()6.Isthereanyfoodforus_________?A.tenB.tenthC.thetenthD.theten()7.Maryis_________girl.A.an8yearoldB.8一years—oldC.the8yearsoldD.an8一year—old()8.—Whatdayistoday?—___________A.JuneB.TuesdayC.ItishotD.It’sfine()9.—What’sthedatetoday?___________—A.It’sSaturdayB.It’sJulyC.It’sfineD.It’sJuIy15()10.—Whattimedoyougetupeveryday?A.It’sseveno’clockB.Seveno’clocktimeC.AtsevenD.Onseven一、单项选择1.Thetreeistall.A.fourteenfootsB.fourteenfeetC.fourteenfootD.fortyfoot2.Fiftyplus.A.fourtyisninetyB.fortyisninetyC.thirtyisninetyD.fiftyisninety3.Therearestudentsinthisschool.A.fourhundredfifty-twoB.fourhundredsfiftytwoC.fourhundredandfifty-twoD.fourhundredsandfifty-two4.Myhomeisaboutawayfromtheschool.A.threehundredmetreB.threehundredsmetresC.threehundredmetresD.threehundredmetre5.Decemberisandlastmonthinayear.A.thetwelvethB.twelveC.thetwelfthD.twelfth6.oftheteachersintheschoolarefromcolleges.A.ThreequartersB.Two-thirdC.TwofifthD.Two-ninth7.Thereweretwoworldwarsduringcentury.A.thetwentiesB.thetwentiethC.twentiesD.twentieth8.Intheforties,hisfatherservedintheNewArmy(新四军),whilehismother6精品学习资料可选择pdf第6页,共10页-----------------------\nworkedintheRouteArmy(八路军).A.Fourth;EighthB.Four;EighthC.Fourth;eightD.Fourth;eighth9.Wearelearningnow.A.thetwenty-firstlessonB.LessonTwenty-firstC.the21thlessonD.Lesson21st10.Hewillstayherefor.A.oneandhalfmonthB.oneandahalfmonthC.onemonthsandahalfD.oneandahalfmonths11.—What’sthedatetoday?—.It’sA.nineB.MondayC.June5D.11:0012.—Wouldyouliketoeatapples?—No,thankyou.A.moretwoB.twomoreC.twoanotherD.twoelse13.Hesaidhewouldcomebackin.A.oneortwodaysB.oortwodaysC.oneandtwodaysD.adayandtwo14.—Howoftendoyouwritetoyourparentsabroad?—.A.TwiceamonthB.SecondtimesamonthC.AsecondtimeamonthD.secondatimeamonth15.peoplediedinthetrafficaccidentsintheworld.A.ThousandofB.ThousandsofC.TenthousandsofD.Tenthousandof16.Inthe1850s,aboutwascoveredbyforestintheUSA.A.thirdB.athirdC.thethirdD.athirds17.Thisisherbirthday,Ithink.A.twentyB.twentiethC.thetwentiethD.thetwenty’s18.SeptemberisTeachers’Day.A.thetenB.tenthC.thetenthD.theten’s19.Therearechildreninthecountryschool.A.twothousandfivehundredandsixtyB.twothousandsfivehundredandsixtyC.twothousandsfivehundredsandsixtyD.twothousandfivehundredsandsixty20.ofthesoldiersisabouttwothousand.A.AnumberB.ThenumberofC.AgreatnumberD.Thebiggestnumbersof一、1~5BBCCC6~10ABAAD11~15CBAAB16~20BBCAB7精品学习资料可选择pdf第7页,共10页-----------------------\n1.序数词的构成及其说明1)序数词第一、第二和第三为first,second和third,其他序列数词的构成是在基数词后加-th。例如:six→sixthseven→seventhten→tenthfour→fourth2)fifth(第五)、eighth(第八)、ninth(第九)和twelfth(第十二)在拼法上有变化。3)二十、三十等基数词变为序数词时,要把y变成ie再加-th。例如:twenty→twentieth[5twentiiW]forty→fortieth[fC:tiiW]4)基数词几十几变成序数词时,表示几十的数词不变,只把表示几的基数词变成序数词。例如:twenty-one→twenty-firstforty-five→forty-fifth5)第一百、第一千、第一百万、第十亿都是在基数词后直接加-th构成。例如:第一百→hundredth第一千→thousandth第一百万→millionth第十亿→billionth6)序数词的缩略形式是由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成。例如:1st,2nd,3rd,4th,21st,32nd,40th2.序数词在句子中的应用序数词在句中主要是充当定语,也可以作主语、表语、宾语,前面要加定冠词the。例如:ThefirsttimeIcametoChina,Ilikeditverymuch.我第一次来中国,我就非常喜欢这个国家。Thefirstisalwaysbetterthanthesecond.第一总是比第二好。Shewillchoosethethird.她将选择第三。1.基数词的构成及其说明1)1~12是独立的单词。即:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve2)13~19,多数在末尾加-teen,但应注意13、15、18的拼写形式。例如:13→thirteen14→fourteen15→fifteen16→sixteen17→seventeen18→eighteen19→nineteen3)从20~90整十位数,多数在词尾加-ty,但要注意20、30、40、50和80的拼法。例如:20→twenty30→thirty40→forty50→fifty60→sixty70→seventy80→eighty90→ninety4)21~99是由几十和几合起来构成,中间加连字符(-)。例如:21→twenty-one32→thirty-two55→fifty-five74→seventy-four86→eighty-six99→ninety-nine5)101~999等三位数中,十位数或个位数的前面加and。例如:101→a(one)hundredandone230→twohundredandthirty513→fivehundredandthirteen8精品学习资料可选择pdf第8页,共10页-----------------------\n678→sixhundredandseventy999→ninehundredandninety-nine6)1,000以上的数,要用计数逗点,即从个位开始,每隔三位数加一逗点,第一个逗点处是thousand(千),第二逗点处是million(百万),第三个逗点处是thousandmillion(英)或billion(美)(十亿)。例如:一千1,000→a(one)thousand4,596→fourthousandfivehundredandninety-six一万10,000→tenthousand18,261→eighteenthousandtwohundredandsixty-one十万100,000→a(one)hundredthousand766,132→sevenhundredandsixty-sixthousandonehundredandthirty-two一百万1,000,000→a(one)million4,538,536→fourmillionfivehundredandthirty-eightthousandfivehundredandthirty-six一千万10,000,000→tenmillion一亿100,000,000a(one)hundredmillion十亿以上的数,英美说法不同。十亿10,000,000,000英国a(one)thousandmillion美国a(one)billion百亿10,000,000,000→tenthousandmillion注意汉语中有百、千、万、亿等单位,而英语中有hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万)等,但没有表示万和亿的专门单词,要用十进位的方法推算出来。例如:thousand千百万tenthousand万hundredthousand十万million百万tenmillion千万hundredmillion亿(万万)巧学巧用读数的诀窍有一首歌诀,可以帮助我们迅速地用英语读出长数字。从右向左三逗开,一逗千,二逗百万,三逗就是十万万;左右三位分开读,保你又快又喜欢。①“从右向左三逗开”,指从右向左把长数字母三位用逗号分开。如:10,000;225,430;51.000,000,000②“一逗千,二逗百万,三逗就是十万万;”指从右向左的第一个逗号表示“千”(thousand);第二逗号表示“百万”(million);第三个逗号表示“十万万”(billion,即十亿)。③“左右三位分开读,保你又快又喜欢。”指读数时从左向右,每三位三位地按三位数的读法读,遇到有逗号时就分别加上该逗号所表示的那个英语单词。2.hundred,thousand,million与of连用数词hundred,thousand,million等的前面有其他数词,用作确定的数目时,不用复数形式。例如:9精品学习资料可选择pdf第9页,共10页-----------------------\nthreethousand三千(不能说:threethousands)fivehundred五百(不能说:fivehundreds)但是当hundred,thousand,million在用作不确定的数目时,则需用复数形式,并且往往后接of。例如:hundredsofpeople几百人hundredsofthousandsofpeople几十万人millionsofthelocusts千百万只蝗虫巧学巧用有hundred等数词有s时有of,没有s没of;数词前面加,没有s没of;前面无数词,有s也有of。10精品学习资料可选择pdf第10页,共10页-----------------------