小学英语-语法-音标-练习题-比较全了 17页

朝阳市龙城区大平房镇东平房小学武振明1、be动词包括：am、is>are（l）am用于第一人称I的后面Iam（注意:无论何时都要大写，不管位于句首还是句中）例：IamLiMing.Iamaboy.Iamten.FminClass1.⑵is用于第三人称he（他）;she（她）;it（它）及其他单数名词的后而例:Heisagoodstudent.Sheismyteache匚Itisablackcat.Adogisonthedesk.⑶are用于第二人称you;第一人称复数we；第三人称复数they及其他复数名词的后面。（注意：第二人称单复数同形，都为you）仞J:Youaremygoodfriend.Weareinthesameclass・Theyaremyfriends.Thebooksareonthedesk.2.Be动词的用法口诀我⑴用am,你（you）用are,Is用于他（he）她（she）它（it）,单数is,复数are,希望大家都记下。有be动词的肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句及回答。肯定句否定句一be动词后加not一般疑问句一be动词移到主语前肯定和否定回答Iam-Im•…Iamnot...=Fmnot…Areyou…？Yes,Iam.No.Fmnot.Youare...=you，re…Youarenot...=Youaren5t...Areyou...?Yes,Iam.No.Fmnotsh--(e)s读作[iz]1.class-classes[iz]ch结尾的名词后加-esbox—boxes[iz]2.如词尾是e,只加-sdish一dishes[iz]watch一watchestiz]2.horse一horses[iz]如词尾为-f或-ves读作[vz]1.leaf—leaves[vz]-fe,则一般变为一ves2.knife—knives[vz]以辅音+y结尾的名词，变y为i再加-es-ies读作[iz]family—families[iz]以元音+y结尾的名词，-s读作[z]boy一boys[z]加-sguy-guys[z]以辅音+0结尾的名词，-es读作[z]hero一heroes[z]加-espotato—potatoes[z]［有生命］tomato—tomatoes[z]以元音+0结尾的名词，-s读作[z]radio一radios[z]加-szoo—zoos[z]【没生命】photo-photos[z]以-th结尾的名词，加1.在长元音后，-ths读作1.bathbaths[z_s[z]2.month―onths[s]2.在短元音或辅音后，-ths读作[s]\n不规则名词复数:man-men,womein-women,policeman-policemen,po1icewomcin-po1icewomen,child-childrenfoot-fcct，tooth-teeth写出下列各词的复数Ihimthisherwatchchildphotodiarydayfootbookdresstoothsheepboxstrawberrythiefyo-yopeachsandwichmanwomanDapcrjuicewatermilkricetea人称代词定义：人称代词用來代替人或物，在句中作主语或宾语，所以有主格和宾格。第•人称第人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主格Iweyouyouheshe■Itthey宾格meusyouyouhimheritthem物主代词形容词性myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs物主代词是表示所有（拥有）关系的一种代词。物主代词有两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词放在名词前。如：Thisismybook.这是我的书Herpenisred.她的钢笔是红色的TheirteacherisM匚Wu.他们的老师是武老师。Ihavealovelycat.我有一只可爱的小猫。名词性物主代词起名词的作用，（用来代替前面提到的名词），后面不可以再接名词。如:1.Yourpenisred.Mineisblack.你的钢笔是红色的，我的是黑色的。2.Hedoesn'tlikehispen.Helikesmine.他不喜欢他的钢笔。他喜欢我的钢笔。3.Thatbookishers,notyours.那本书是她的，不是你的。4.Mybookisthick.Yoursisthin.我的书是厚的，你的书是薄的。人称代词和物主代词练习题\n1.(she)ismyaunt.Weoftenvisit(she)2.Beijingisabigcity.(it)isinthenorthofChina.3.Whatdayis(it)today?(it)isMondaytoday.4.1haveabluebike・Buttheredoneisnot・(my)5.ThesebooksareverygoodBut(they)areveryexpensive.6.Lindaisagirl.(she)isinClassi.(she)sisterisinClass2.7.Tomismyfriend.(he)isagoodboy.&Whattimeis(it)?形容词的比较级&最高级一、形容词概念形容是用来修饰物体的形状，大小，长度，属性，特点等，位于名词的前面。如:bigfatthicklong...二、形容词比较级和最高级的意义英语中的形容词，在句了里当要表示“比较……”、“最……”时，要用特别的形式，BP：比较级和戢高级。原来的形式称为原级。女口:longlongerlongest原级比佼级最高级1.Theblackpenisverylong.黑色的钢笔很长。2.Thebluepenislongerthantheblackone.蓝色的钢笔比黑色的长。3.Theredpenisthelongestofthethree.红色的钢笔是三支屮最长的。正莎:形容词比较级用于两个事物或人的比较，比较级后面一般带有单词than。+than+被比较的名词，IamtallerTomisyoungerMybookisthicker比较级的句了结构通常是:主语+be动词+形容词比较级thanyou.我比你更高。thanJack.Tom比Jack大。thanyours.我的书比你的书厚。形容词变比较级的规则:①一般在词尾+er,如tall-taller,cold-colder,young-younger②以e结尾的，直接+r,如fine-finer,nice-nicer③以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i再+er,^Flfunny-funnier,lovely-lovelier,happy-happier,funny-funnier④重读闭音节的单词（以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾），双写最后的辅音字母再+e「big—bigger,fat一fatterthin--thinner,hot--hotter,sad―sadder,(大，胖，瘦，热要双写)⑤多音节词后+morebeautiful-・morebeautiful,expensive-moreexpensive不规则形容词比较级：good-better,bad-worse,manyMuch-more☆注意☆1、比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。典型错误：Myhairislongerthanyou.（我的头发比你更长。）比较的两者是我的头发、你（整个人），那么比较的対象就没有可比性。应该改为：Myhairislongerthanyours.或Myhairislongerthanyourhair.最高级：形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，最高级后面一般带有in或of的短语。形容词变最高级的规则：①一般直接在词尾+est,如tai1-tallest,cold-coldest\n①以e结尾的，直接+st,如fine-finest,nice-nicest\n①以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i再+est,如funny-funniestlovely-loveliest,lovely-loveliest②重读闭音节的单词（以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾），双写最后的辅音字母再+est,big-一biggestfat—fattestthin--thinnest,hot--hottest,sad一一saddest,③多音节词后+mostbeautiful—mostbeautiful,expensive--mostexpensive注意：最高级的单词前必须用the如：Tamthetailestinourclass.我在我们班是最高的。Thispenisthemostexpensiveofthethree.这支钢笔比其余三支都贵。二、除此之外，还有几个特殊的单词，它的比较级和最高级都是不规则的。如:many/much(原形)-more(比较级)-most(最高级)little/few（原形）-less（比较级）-least（最高级）good（原形）-better（比较级）-bost（最高级）bad（原形）-worse（比较级）-worst（最高级）far（原形）一further（比较级）--furthest（最高级）I.small2.short3.tall4.young5.long6.strong7.1ight&low9.high10.slowII.fast12.high13.hard14.cheap15.bright16.dark17.cool18.fat19.big20.thin21.hot21.late22.nice23.large24.heavy25.early26.easy27.busy28.slowly29.pretty3O.funny31.dirty32.beautiful33.interesting34.expensive35.important36.different37.excited38.good/well39.bad/ill4O.far3.old4l.many/much二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式。1•Mybrotheristwoyears(old)thanme.2.Isyoursister(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.3.Whois(thin),youorHelen?4.Whichpencil-boxis(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.5•Tomjumps(high)thanJack.6.IsLucy(thin)thanHelen?Yes,sheis.\n6.Myeyesare(big)thanhers.7.Whichis(heavy),theelephantorthepig?8.Whois(early),TimorTom?10・Whois(pretty)AprilorLily?11.Todayis(hot)thanyesterday.12.Sunis(fat)thanBird.三、选择。()1.Theyellowshoesarethantheblueones.A.expensiveB.expensiverC.moreexpensive()2.Acowisthanarabbit.A.bigB.biggerC.biggest()3.Who'stheJeanJoanorJennet?A.thinnerB.thinestC.thinnest()4.TimisthanJack.A.funnyB.muchfunnyC.funnier()5.Fmtallerthanothersinmyclass.Pm■A.tallB.tallestC.thetallest()6・WhoisyoungerRose?A.thanB.thenC./()7.1theyoungestinourclass.A.amnotB.wasnotC.donot()8.Hisuncledhouseisvery.A.oldB.olderC.oldest()9.Mvbikeis.buthisbikeis■A.new,newB.new,newerC.new,newest()10.PleasecleanvourroomJt5snow.A.cleanB.dirtyC.tidy现在进行时1.现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行或发生的动作.2.现在进彳亍时的肯定句结构为：主语+be+现在分词。例如：Heisdoinghishomeworknow.3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加note例如：Heisnotdoinghishomeworknow.4.现在进行时的一燉疑问句把be动词提到句首。Ishedoinghishomework?肯定回答：Yes,heis.否定回答：No,heisn,t.5.现在进行时的特殊疑问句的结构为：疑问词+be+主语+动词ing?如：Whatareyoudoingnow?你现在在干什么？Whatishedoingnow?他正在T•什么？动词变现在分词规则1.—般情况下，直接加inggo-going去play-playing玩sleep・sleeping睡觉eat-eating吃do-doing做2•以不发音的e结尾，去e加ingI.come-coming來2.dance-dancing跳舞3.close-closing关\n1.make-making制造5.ride-riding骑6.write-writing写7.take-taking拿走5.move-moving移动/搬9have-having有3.双写加・ing:重读闭音节就要双写.重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音判断是不是重读闭音节双写，不仅耍看单词的字母组合符合辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾，还要看音标是不是符合辅音+元咅+辅咅结尾只冇都符合才口J以双写。1.sit・sitting坐2.stop-stopping停3.swim-swimming游j水4.run・running5.cut一cutting切6.put-putting放7.forget-forgetting忘记8.get-getting获得9.begin-beginning开始lO.hit-hitting撞注意:buy不能双写。buy-buying现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词:playrunswimmakegolikewriteskireadhavesingdanceputseebuvlovelivetakecomegetstopsitbeginshop二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy(draw)apicturenow・2.Listen.Somegirls(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.Whatyou(do)now?5.Look•They(have)anEnglishlesson.6.Thcy(not.water)theflowersnow.7.Look!thegirls(dance)intheclassroom.&Whatisshedoing?She(listen)tomusic.6.IFs5c/clocknow.We(have)suppernow.7.Helen(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.一般现在时一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Tgetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1•有be动词的情况：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。1.无be动词的情况(即有行为动词):主语+行为动词(+其它)。WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，耍在动词后加"-s〃或"-es〃。如I：HelikesChinese.他喜欢汉语。\n一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它？如：-Areyouastudent?特殊疑问句：疑问词+—般疑问句。如:Whereismybike?2•无be动词(即冇行为动词)的变化。否定句:主语+don，t(doesn，t)+动词原形+其它。如：Idon'tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数吋，要用doesn't构成否定句。女口：Hedoesrft1ikebread..-般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如:-Doyouplayfootballeveryday?当主语为第三人称单数时，耍用does构成一般疑问句。如:-Doesshegotoworkbybike?特殊疑问句：疑问词+—般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?动词变单三1.一般般情况下，直接+§,如：play-playscome-comes1以s9x9sh9ch9o结尾+es，女口：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,brush-brushes,go-goes.dodoes2以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i力口es，女口：study-studiesfly-fliescry-criesl.Healways(play)footballonMondays.2.Sheoften(go)toschoolat7:30am.3.Itusually(come)tomyhomeinspring.4.LiMingnever(watch)TVonSundays.1.Adog(wash)hisfaceinwater;6.Nobody(guess)it.7.Everyone(study)Englishatschool.8.Thebabyoften(cry)atnight.一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drinkgostaymakelookhavepasscarrycomewatchplantflystudybrushdoteach二、用括号内动词的适当形式填1.Heoften(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy(be)inClass1.3.We(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Tom(notgo)tothezooonSundays.5.they(like)thecat?6.Healways(watch)TVonSundays.7.Whatare9.SheandI(they)name?&Thegir(take)likePE.订(teach)me10.There(be)adogandacatinmyroom.11.Jack(like)cooking.12.They(have)twobooks.13.Myaunt(look)atme.14.Youalways(do)yourhomeworkwell.15.I(be)notastudent.I(be)atecher.\n16.She（go）toschooleveryday.17.LiuTao（do）notlikePE.18.Whooften（watch）TVintheevening・19.SuHaiandSuYang（have）playbasketballonSaturdays.20.—Whatday（be）ittoday?—It'sSaturday.三、按照要求改写句子1.TomwatchesTVeveryevening.（改为否定句）2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.（改为一般疑问句，作否定冋答）3.ShelikesMik.（改为一般疑问句,作肯定冋答）4.Aprillikesplayingcomputergames.（改为一般疑问句，作否定冋答）5・Wegotoschooleverymorning・（改为否定句）1.HespeaksEnglishverywell.（改为否定句）2.Iliketakingphotosinthepark.（对划线部分提问）3.JolincomesfromEngland.（对划线部分提问）4.Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.（改为一般疑问句，作否定回答）5.SunandStarlikeswimming.（改为否定句）\n五、改错（划出错误的地方，将止确的写在横线上）\n1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.4.Mr.WutcachsusEnglish.5.Shedon"tdoherhomeworkonSundays.一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。女口:yesterday,lastweekendJastSaturday,jusynow,amomentago，段时间+ago等。女口：Heplayedfootballyesterday.1wasnothappylastweekend.Theywerefriends2yearsago.动词肯定式否定式有beIwas…Iwasnot(wasift)•••He(She,It)was…He(She,It)wasnot(wasiVt)•••We(You.They)were••-We(You.They)werenotweren't…无beI,You,He,SheJt,We,Theyworkedinaschool.I,You,He,She,It,We,Theydidnot(didift)workedina(work)school.疑问句和简略答语动词第一人称第二人称第三人称有beWasT•••?Wereyou…？Washe(she/it)•••?Yes,youwere.Yes,Iwas.Yes,he(she/it)was•No,youwererft•No,Iwasn"t•No,he(she/it)wasr?t•Werewe…？Wereyou•••?Werethey…？Yes,we(you)were.Yes,wewere.Yes,theywere.No,we(you)weren，t.No,weweren"t.No,theyweren，t.\n无beDidTwork•••?Yes,youdid.No,youdidrft•Didyouwork…？Yes,Tdid.No,Ididn，t・Didhe(she,it)work…？Yes,he(she,it)did.No,he(she,it)didi?t•Didwework…？Yes,we(you)did.No,we(you)didn，t・Didyouwork•••?Yes,wedid.No,wedidn"t.Didtheywork•••?Yes,theydid•No,theydidi?t•动词变过去式规则一般过去时，动词要用过去式，规则动词过去式的变化规则如下:构成规则原形过去式一般在动词原形末尾加-edlookplayvisitlookedplayedvisited词尾是e的动词加・dlivehopeuselovelivedhopedusedloved末尾只冇一个辅音字母的巫读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加・edstopplantripstoppedplannedtrippeds以“辅音字母+y，，结尾的动词，变“y”为“i”，再加-edstudycarryworrycrystudiedcarriedworriedcried动词词尾-ed的读音:读音例词在浊辅音和元音后面/d/played/pleid/cleaned/kli:nd/在清辅音后面!xlhelpedcooked/helpt//kukt/looked/lukt/在III,/d/音后面/id/visitedvizitid/needed/ni:did/2.部分不规则动词的过去式come—came,go-went,leave-left5am\is-was,are-were5do-did,read-read5put-put.fly-flew,buy-bought,teach-taught,bring-brought,draw-drew\n单项选择：从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。仃0)()1.Myfatherillyestei^day.A・isn"tB.arcn"tC.wasn"tD.wcrcn"t()2.yourparentsathomelastweek?A.IsB.WasC.AreD.Were()3.TheboysinDalianlastyear・Theyherenow.A・arc;wereB・were;areC・was;areD・were;was()4.LindaandIplayedycsterday・A.wereB.TsC・WasD.are()5.—WhowasondutylastFriday?—•A.IamB.IwasC.Yes,Iwas用适当的形式填空D-No,1・Iyesterdayafternoon.(dance)2.Italittlehillyesterday.(be)3.Mymotheryesterdayevening.(leave)4.Itothemusicyesterdaymorning.(listen)5.Myfathertoworklastweekend.(go)6.Iabookeveryday.(read)7.Sheakitethismorning.(fly)8.Hehishomeworkeveryday.(do)写出下列单词的过去式am/isaredo/doesgocaneathave/hasmakeseetellhearreadput二把下列句子变成一般疑问句和否定句。1.1wasanursetwoyearsago.2.Shewasateacherin19903.1sawabiglioninthezooyesterday.4.1workedinaschoollastyear.1.Thereweremanytreeslastyear.\n1.Thereweremanypeopleintheparkyesterday.改错题(20)1-HowisJaneyesterday?2.Hegotoschoolbybuslastweek.2.Heoftengoeshomeat6:00lastmonth.4eIcanflykitessevenyearsago.5.Didyousawhimjustnow.音标单兀音12个/i://://□://U：//a://ae/111/9//□//u//A//e/双兀音8个/ei//al//91//lO//£3//ua//au//au/辅音28个/p//t//k//f//e//s/////t；//tr//ts//h//n//l//w//b//d//g//v//d//z//g//ds//dr//dz//m//r//j/发音规则：元咅字母在开咅节中发本身咅'□在闭咅节中不发木身咅。开音节：以元音字母结尾的单词是开音节。闭音节：以辅音字母结尾的单词是闭音节。Aa/el/ggmelgkeplanefacecgkelakegateEe/i:/meheshewethese/ae/bagatantblackalbumalphabet/e/redlegelephantbedyesyellowgetIi/al/likebikekitenice/I/initishimmilksisterUu/ju:/cuteexcuseuse/A/butbusupumbrellag/ds/orangeagegiraffe/g/girlglassgoodgon/n/nonamemoonin/g/inkEnglishpinksingthank字母组合的发音：ea/i:/readbeanteateacherclean/e/redlegyesgetor/□:/shorthorsemorningmoreor/:/wordworldworkworkerOo/au/nogohomenose/o/nothotorangerobots/s/bussositskatedesks/z/isnosethesebagsc/k/catcakecarclock/s/facepencilnicey111funnywindythirstylovely/al/myflytrybybyecryoo/u:/roommoonnoodlescoolbroomzooafternoon/u/goodfootcooklookclassroomow/on/knowwindowyellowshowsnowblow/au/nowhowcowtowelflowerowlbrownth/0/tooththreethirstythinkmouth/d/thisthatthethesethosefathertch/1J/watchmatchcatchch/1J/Chinawhichteacherchairn/n/nonewnamenosekn/n/knowknifekneeoor/□:/doorfloorou/au/mousehouseblousetrousersts/ts/coatsskirtsitsstudentsrabbitswh/w/white\nwherewhenwhat/h/whowhosewhomph/f/photoelephanttelephonef/f7fivefinefourknifeforay/ei/playwaymaydaysay/1/MondaySundayFridayoa/9u/goatboatcoatgoalal/o:l/talkwalksmallballir/:/birdshirtskirtcircle\nds/dz/birdsbedshandscardstr/tr/treetraintrucktriangledr/dr/dressdriverdrawdrumD>deskur/:/nurseturnThursdaypurse