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冠词冠词分为不定冠词(a,an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。I.不定冠词的用法:1指一类人或事,相当于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2第一次提及某人某物,非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.3表示"每一”相当于every,oneWestudyeighthoursaday.4表示“相同”相当于thesameWearenearlyofanage.5用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事AMr.SmithcametovisityouwhenyouwereoutThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.6用于固定词组中Acoupleof,abit,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime7用丁quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后Thisroomisratherabigone.8用于so(as,too,how)+形容词Z后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.II.定冠词的用法:1表示某一类人或物Thehorseisausefulanimal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?4用于乐器前面playtheviolin,playtheguitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人thereach,theliving,thewounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”theGreens,theWangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级nuHeisthetallerofthetwochildren.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛的名词前theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theFrench9用于表示发明物的单数名词前ThecompasswasinventedinChina.10在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代inthe1990's11用于表示单位的名词前Ihiredthecarbythehour.12用于方位名词,身体部位名词,及表示时间的词组前Hepattedmeontheshoulder.III.零冠词的用法:1专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air2名词前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制Iwantthisbook,notthatone./Whosepurseisthis?3季节,月份,星期,节假口,一口三餐前March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring4表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.5学科,语言,球类,棋类名词前Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前bytrain,byair,byland7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用吋husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight8表示泛指的复数名词前Horsesareusefulanimals.\n冠词重点知识归纳及讲解(-)概说1.冠词是一种虚词,不能独立担任一个成分,只能附着在一个名词上,帮助说明其词义。英语中有两个冠词:1)定冠词the2)不定冠词a/an定冠词the通常读作[],在元音前读作[i],特别强调或单念时读作[i:]。不定冠词在元音音素开始的单词前用an这个形式,读作[n];在其他情况下则使用a,读作[]。2.冠词的基木意义不定冠词a/an与数词one同源,表示“一个”的意思,用在可数名词单数前。例如:Sheisanurse.她是个护士。HeisanEnglishman,withanIrishwife.他是一位英国人,有一个爱尔兰妻了。定冠词the,与this同源,有“这(那)个”的意思,但比较弱,表示一(儿)个特定的人或东西,有时可译作“这个(些)”或“那个(些)”。例如:That'sthebookyouwant.这就是你耍的那本书。Who'stheyoungmanoverthere?那边那个年轻人是谁?但在很多情况下,“这”或“那”这类词在译文中并不出现。例如:Putitonthetable.把它放在桌上。Shutthedoor,please.请把门关上。3.特指和泛指一般来说,名词有特指和泛指两种情况,请比较下面的句子:Agentlemanisaskingtoseeyou.有位先生要求见你。(泛指)Askthegentlemantocomein.请那位先生进來。(特指)在特指吋一般询面要加定冠词,而泛指时则冇三种情况:1)在可数名词单数前加不定冠词。例如:Shesentmeapostcard她寄给我一张明信片。2)在可数名词复数前可不加冠词,可使用some,any这类词。例如:Thesearenewwords.这些是生词。Shesentmesomeflowers.她送给我一些花。3)在不可数名词前多不加什么,有时也町加some,any等。例如:It'slovelyweathe匚天气真好。\nDoyouwantanysugarinyourtea?你茶里要放点糖吗?Giveussomehelp.给我们一些帮助。\n(二)不定冠词的基木用法1.泛指某一类人或事物中的一个,代表某一类别(不一定译为“一”)如:Hisfatherisadoctor.他父亲是医生。2.代表某一类人或事物,相当Tany(4-名词)(不必译为“一”,但必须用a,表示类别)如:Ahorseisausefulanimal.马是有用的动物。3.指某人或某物(不是指某一类),但不具体说明何人或何物(一般译为“一”)如:Thisbookwaswrittenbyaworker.这本书是一位工人写的。4.表示数量,冇“一”的意思,但数的概念没冇one强烈(一般译为“一”)如:Waitamoment.等一卜。5.表示单位,相当于“每”的意思如:Wehavethreemealsaday.我们每H吃三餐。6.用于某此固定词组中例如:afew,alittle,abit(of),alotof等。(三)定冠词的基木用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物如:Givemethebook.把那本书给我。2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物如:Whereisthedoctor?医生在哪儿?3.再次提到上文提到过的人或事物如:Iboughtadictionaryyesterday・Thedictionaryisathome・昨天我买了一木词典。词典在家里。4.用在大家所熟悉的、世界上独一•无二的事物女1丨:Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon,butsmallerthanthesun.地球比川亮大,但比太阳小。5.用在序数词和形容词最高级前如:MrWangteachesthefirstclass.王先生上第一节课。Ofallthestarsthesunisthenearesttotheearth.在所有的恒星中,太阳离地球最近。6.用在单数可数名词,表示某一类人或事物如:Thehorseisausefulanimal.马是有用的动物。7.与下列专有名词连用1)在江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉的名称前如:theChangjiangRiver,theGreatLake2)在姓氏的复数名词前,表示夫妇二人或全家人如:TheGreensaresittingatthebreakfasttable.格林一家人正围坐在早餐桌旁。8.和某些形容词连用,表示一类人如:theold老人theyoung年轻人therich富人thepoor穷人thesick病人thedead死人\n1.在一些习惯说法中theeast(west,south,north)inthemorning(afternoon,evening)ontheleft(right)intheendgotothecinema(四)不用冠词的几种情况1.在专冇名词,抽彖名词和物质名词前如:HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?你到过上海吗?Welovescience.我们爱好科学。2.在表示一•类人或事物的复数名词前如:Girlscanbescientists.女孩子可以当科学家。3.在季节、月份、星期、一日三餐的名称前如:Itishotinsummer•.夏天天气热。It'sTuesday,Augustthe22nd.今天是八月二十二日,星期三。Haveyouhadbreakfast?你吃过早饭没有?4.称呼语或表示头衔,职务的名词前如:What'sthematterwithyou,Mike?怎么啦,迈克?Heisheadmasterofourschool.他是我们学校的校长。5.学科和球类运动的名称前如:WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。Doyouliketoplayfootball?你喜欢踢足球吗?6•名词前El有用作定语的this,thatmy,your,some,any,no,whose,every,each等代词时,不用冠词如:Thatisherbike.那是她的自行车。Eachstudentinhisclassstudieshard.这个班的每个学生都努力学习。1.在某些固定词组的名词前如:athome,atnight,afterschool,bybus,inbed,intown,infrontof,gotoschool,gotobed等。小学定冠词和不定冠词练习题1・在空格内填上a或an1.ear2.actor3.hen4.toy5.university6.elephant7.hat8.umbrella9.rabbit10.idea11.hour12honestboy13.interestingbook14.easyquestion15・orangedress16applepie17X-raymachine18.icecream2•用a,an,the或“厂填空1.WashingtoniscapitalofUnitedStatesofAmerica.\n1.Thereis"fonhispaper.3.1ateapple.It'sredapple.1.tallmanoverthereismyboss.2.earthmovesaroundsun.3.Nonewsisgoodnews.4.HaveyouvisitedGreatWall?5.Theyoftenplayfootballafterschool.6.Childrenneedloveandattention.7.Arethereanybirdsinsky?8.studentinthethirdrowistallestinourclass.9.Didyouhavebreakfastthismorning?10.Mr.WhitewillgotoTokyobyair.11.Byway,doyouknowoldwomaninglasses?2.选择填空1.Momtellsherlittledaughteroldstoryeverynight.A.aB./C.anD.the2.computeronthetableisSusan^s.A.AB.AnC.TheD./3.Thereismapoftheworldonwall.mapismine.A.a,a,AB.a,the,TheC・the,the,TheD.the,the,A4.Whitesliveonfloor.A./,threeB.A,thirdC.The,thirdD.The,thethird5.Springcomesafterwinter.A.1,1B.The,/C.The,theD.A,the6.1boughtshoesyesterday.shoesareverybeautiful.A.a,TheB.apairof,TheC.the,TheD.apair,Thepair7.HewassoldierintheSecondWorldWar.A.aB.anC.theD./8.Shecanplayand•A.thetennis,theguitarB.tennis,guitarC.thetennis,guitarD.tennis,theguitar9.1canseemoonandcloudsinthesky.A.the,aB.a,aC・the,/D.the,the1.“c"isin“cat."“s"isin“sat."A.An,AnB.An,AC.A,AD.A,An2.TiananmenSquareisinBeijing.A./,/B.A,/C.The,/D./,the3.一Canyoutellmenearestbookshop?一Gostraightandturnrightatthirdcrossing,andyouwillseeit.\n随堂监测A组I.在下列句子的空格中填上适当的冠词,不需耍的地方用表示:1.Thisisoldmap.Itisusefulmap.2.WehavenoclassesinafternoononSaturday.3.spaceshipfliesataboutelevenkilometerssecond.4.BeijingiscapitalofChina.Itisbeautifulcity.5.Romanwasnotbuiltinday.6.ChineseisquitedifficultlanguageforMike.7.Manystudentswilltakeactivepartinsportsmeet.8.Thereisinterestingpictureonwall.9.Jennyfoundwalletlyingonground.walletwasMr.Black's.10.Whichisbiggest,sun,moon,orearth?11.一-Whichpictureismorebeautiful?一-oneonleft,Ithink.12.一-Whichiswaytohospital?■一Godownthisroadandturnleftonsecondcrossing.13.more,bette匚14.Turnersaresittingatbreakfasttable.15.JoeHillwasfighterforworkingclass.16.WhenwasPeople'sRepublicofChinafounded?17.InChinafirstEnglishtextbookswerepublishedinlatenineteenthcentury.18.Afterbreakfasthewenttoschoolonfoot.19.HuangheRiverliesinnorthofChina.20.Helikesplayingfootball.Hissisterlikesplayingpiano.II.单项选择:1.上学A.gotoschool2.住院A,inthehospital3.此刻A.atthemoment1.在课堂上A.inclass2.在地球上A.onearth3.步行A.onfootB.gototheschoolB.inahospitalB.atamomentB.inaclassB.onanearthA.onthefootB.gotoaschoolC.inhospitalC.atmomentC・intheclassC.ontheearthC.onfeet\n1.吃饭A.atatable&乘公共汽车A.takebus9.在家A.atthehome10.在工作A.atwork11.跳高A.jumphigh12.坐飞机A.byair13.乘火车A.bythetrain14.在校学习A.intheschool15.睡觉A.gotobed16.感冒A.haveacold17.乘船A.byship18.玩得痛快A.havegoodtimes19.事实上A.inthefact1.从早到晚A.atthetableA.bybusA.atahomeB•attheworkB・highjumpA.bytheairA.bytrainA.inschoolA.gotothebedA.havethecoldA.onshipA.haveagoodtimeB.infactsC.attableB.bythebusB.athomeB.atworksB.thehighjumpC-onairB.ontrainB.inschoolsB.gotoabedB.havecoldB.byashipC.havegoodtimesC.infactA.frommorningtotheeveningB.frommorningtoeveningC.fromamorningtoanevening随堂监测B组选择填空1.Thereisoldwomanintheca匚A./B.theC.aD.an2.ShanghaiisineastofChina.A./B.anC.theD.a3.BillisEnglishteache匸Helikesplayingfootball.A.a,theB.an,theC.a,/D./,/4.Themuseumisquitefar.Itwilltakeyouhalfhourtogotherebybus.\nA.an,/B.an,aC.a,/D.!J5.Thestoryisinteresting.Thatmeansitisinterestingstory.A.an,theBethe,a.C-/,anD./,a6.LeTsgoforwalk,shallwe?A.aB.anC.theD./7.Thisisinterestingstory-bookanditisalsousefulone.A.a,aB.an,anC.an,aD.a,an8.womanioverthereispopularteacherinourschool.A.A,anB.The,aC.The,theD.A,the9.Theypassedourschooldaybeforeyesterday.A.anB.oneC.aD.the10.AustraliaisEnglish-speakingcountry.A.aB.anC.theD./11.Don'tplaybasketballhere.It'sdangerous.A.aB.anc./D.the12.Thisisapple.It'sbigapple.A.an,aB・a,theC.a,anD・an,the1.■一Haveyouseenbag?Ileftitherejustnow.一・Isitoneonthechairnearthedoor?A.a,aB.the,theC.a,theD・the,a14.1havebluecoat.A.aB.anC.theD.someA.a,TheB.an,TheC.an,AnD.the,An16.Haveyouhadbreakfast?A.aB.anC.theD./17.Hewonderedwhenthedoctorcouldfinishoperation.A.a15.Thisisorange.orangeisonthetable.B.anA.theD.any1&Aftersupper,hestayedathomeandplayedviolin.A.the,theB./,theC./,aD.!J19.Thereisappleontheplate.A.aB.anC.theD./20.Hesaidthathegot“C"inthetest.A.aB.anC.theD./21.newbridgehasbeenbuiltoverHuangpuRive匚A.The,aB.A,/C.A,theD.An,an22.Englishisusefullanguageinworld.A.an,theB.a,theC.the,theD.an,an23.Intheword“cariage"“F'islost.\nA.theB.anC.aD./21.Withthehelpofhisteacherhestudiedhardandgot“A"inthetest.A.aB.anC.theD.one25.1havetwodogs-blackoneistwoyearsoldandyellowoneisthreeyearsold.A.A,aB.The,aC.The,theD.A.the26.LiDancanplaypianoverywell.A./B.aC.anD.the27.Whatinterestingfilmitis!Ilikefilmverymuch.A.a,theB.a,aC.an,theD.The,/28.tallmanoverthereisourEnglishteache匚A.A,theB.The,aC.A,anD.The,/小学英语冠词的用法提高专题精讲及同步练习冠词虽小,只有a,an和the三个,但却是历年各地考试必考语言点就考查题型而言,以单项选择为主,右时在完形填空屮出现。从命题意图看,以考查不定冠词a和an的用法区别、不定冠词和定冠词的用法区别为主。同时考查冠词的各种不同用法。■考查重点冠词的考杳重点包括不定冠词a和an的用法,定冠词the的用法和零冠词的用法等。其中,不定冠词与定冠词的用法区别以及在具体语言环境中冠词的应用是历年中考试题考查的热点,也是今后的考查方向。一•冠词概述冠词是虚词,木身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目观念,只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者,表示“这”,“那”,“这些”,“那些”的意思,在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用二.a和an的区别不定冠词有a和an两种形式,a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前,an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。例女II:aboy,auniversity,aeuropeancountry;anhour,anhonour,anisland,anelephant,anumbrella三.不定冠词的用法1•泛指某一类人、事或物;相当于any,这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。2.泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。3.表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。4.表示“每一”,相当于every.例如,igotoschoolfivedaysaweek.我一周上五天课。5.用在序数词前,表示“又一”,"再一”。例如,ihavethreebooks,iwanttobuyafourthone.我已经有三本书,我想买第四本。\n2.用在某些固定词组中:alot(of)许多,大量;afterawhile一会儿二.定冠词的用法1・特指某(些)人或某(些)物,这是定冠词的基本用法。2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。例如:openthewindow,please.请打开窗户。3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。例如:ihaveacar.thecarisred.我有一辆小汽车,它是红色的。4.指世界上独一无二的事物。例如:whichisbigger,thesunortheearth?哪一个大,太阳述是地球?5.用在序数词,形容词最高级前。例如:thefirstlessonistheeasiestoneinthisbook•第一课是这木书最简单的一课。6.用在出普通名词构成的专有名词皿J"。例如,thegreatwall长城,theunitedstates美国7.用在某些形容词询,表示某一类人。例如:thepool穷人,theblind盲人8用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。例如:thegreens格林一家或格林夫妻俩9.用在方位词前。例如:ontheleft在左边,inthemiddleof在中间10.用在乐器名称前。例如:sheplaysthepianoeveryday.她毎天弹钢琴。11.用在表示海洋,河流,山脉,群岛及国家和党派等名词前。例如:theblacksea黑海,theyangziriver长江12.用在某些固定词组中:allthesame仍然;allthetime一直;atthemoment此刻;atthesametime同时;bytheway顺便说;dotheshopping/washing买东西/洗衣服;inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上;intheopenair在户外,在野外五•零冠词的用法1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。例如,classtwo二班,tian,anmensquare天安门广场,water水2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my,your,his,her等)、指示代词(this/these,that/those)>不定代词(some,any等)及所有格限制时。例如mybook(正);mythebook(误)3•复数名词表示一类人或事物吋。例如,theyareteachers.他们是老师。tigerslikemeat.老虎喜欢吃肉4.在星期,刀份,季节节日前。例如:onSunday在周日,inmarch在三刀,inspring在春天,onwomenJsday在妇女节(特例:如果月份,季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时,则要加定冠词:hejoinedthearmyinthespringof1982.他在1982年春季参军。)5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如:tom汤姆,mum妈妈6.在学科名称,三餐饭和球类运动名称前。例如:ihavelunchatschooleveryday.特例:当football,basketball指具体的某个球吋,其前可以用冠词:icanseeafootball.我可以看到一只足球。where'sthefootball?那只足球在哪儿?(指足球,并非“球类运动”)7.在表特定的公园,街道,车站,桥,学校等之前。例如:no.25middleschool\n4.某些固定词组中不用冠词。⑴与by连用的交通工具名称前:bybus乘公共汽车;bycai•乘汽车;bybike骑/坐自行车;bytrain乘火车;byair/plane乘飞机;bysea/ship乘船,但takeabus,inaboat,onthebike前需用冠词(2)名词词组:dayandnightHH夜夜;brotherandsister兄弟姐妹;hourafterhour时时刻刻;hereandthere到处(3)介词词组:athome在家;insurprise惊奇地;atnoon在中午;onfoot步行;atnight在晚上;onduty值日;atwork在工作;ontime准时;forexample例女II;inclass在上课;onshow展览;inbed在床h(4)go短语:gohome回家;gotobed.h床睡觉;gotoschool去上学;gotowork去上班;goshopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳伐U船/钓鱼六•用与不用冠词的差异inhospital住院/inthehospital在医院里gotosea出海/gotothesea去海边onearth究竟/ontheearth在地球上,在世上infrontof在(外部的)前面/inthefrontof在(内部的)前面takeplace发生/taketheplace(of)代替attable进餐/atthetable在桌了旁bysea乘船/bythesea在海边infuture从今以后,将來/inthefuture未來gotoschool(church…)上学(做礼拜…)/gototheschool(church…)到学校(教堂…)去onhorseback骑着马/onthehorseback在马背上twoofus我们当屮的两人/thetwoofus我们两人(共计两人)outofquestion毫无疑问/outofthequestion不口J能的,办不到的nextyear明年/thenextyear第二年ateacherandwriter—位教师兼作家(一个人)/ateacherandawriter一位教师和一位作家(两个人)七、例题剖析例l.hegavemysisterusefulbookyesterday.a.anb.ac./d.the【答案】buseful的第一个音素为[ju]故选b。例2.mybrotherishonestboy,sohehasmanyfriends.a.ab.anc.thed./【答案】bhonest的第一个音素为元音。彳列3.morecollegegraduateswouldliketoworkinwestpartofcountrynextyea匚a.the;theb./;/c./;thed.the;/【答案】a方位名词前加the,inthewestpart;由句意可知为第二年,即thenextyear«例\n4.thereisabigtreethehouse.\na.inthefrontofb.infrontofc.infrontd.atclass【答案】brti句意可知是物体外部的前面。彳列5.jimalwaysanswerstheteacher"squestionsa.inclassb.intheclassc.afterclassd.atclass【答案】a课上回答老师的问题,故选inclasso八、同步练习1.Thereisappleonthedesk.a.ab.thec.and./2.Thegirlundertreeismysiste匚a.ab.thec.and./3.MaryisfromUSA.a.ab.thec.and./4.Hemetfriendofhisontheroad.a.ab.thec.and./5.MrBlackwillgobacktoEngland•a.byairb.byaplanec.bytrainsd.atatrain6^Yesterdayiwenttoworkonfoot.a./,/bJ,thec.the,/d.the,the2.Thereis"h”intheword“hour”,but"h”doesn'tmakeasound.a.a,ab.a,thec.the,and.an.the9.Wehavethreemealsday.a.the,the,thec.a,/,thed.a,the,the3.rmgoingtoseemymother.Sheisilla.inhospitalb.inthehospitalc.inahospitald.atahospitalmorningeveryday.wehavebreakfastat6:30ina.the,/,the10.Thisisfilmi‘vetoldyouaboutseveraltimes.It,sgreat,i,veneverseenmoremovingone.a.a,ab・the,thec.the,ad.a,the11.Tina,couldyoupleaseplaypianoformewhilei,msinging?Withpleasure.a.ab.anc.thed./12.1wanttotryagain,pleasegivemethirdchanceagain,a.ab.thec.and./9.What,sthematterwithyou?\nIcaughtbadcoldandhadtostayinbed・a.a;/b-a;thec.a;ad.the;the9.sunisshiningbrightly.a.abeanc.thed./10.Swimmingisinsumme匚d.greatafuna.agreatfunb.greatfunc.greatfuns