精通英语小学知识点 20页

小学英语知识点总结(1)字母：(大小)辨认、书写顺序:AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz.元音字母：Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu半元音字母:Yy书写容易错误的字母：E,F,G,M,N,d,i,p,q,x,y.(2)数字：基数词和序数词的运用，如计算、购物等.　　基数词:One,two,three,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen„twenty,twenty-one„thirty,forty,fifty„eighty,ninety,one/ahundred,one/ahundredandonetwohundred.　　序数词:first,second,third,fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh,eighth,ninth,tenth,eleventh,twelfth„twentieth,twenty-first,twenty-second,twenty-third,twenty-four„thirtieth,fortieth,fiftieth„eightieth,ninetieth„　　相关句型:　　1)What’sthirtyandforty?It’sseventy.\n2)What’syourtelephonenumber?Mytelephonenumberis83555723.3)Whattimeisit?It’shalfpastten.　　4)Whendoyouusuallygetup?Atsixthirty-five.　　5)Wheredoyoulive?IliveatNo.48RenminRoad.　　6)Howoldareyou?I’mtwelve.　　7)Howmuchdoesitcost?Itcosts50yuan.　　8)Howmanycarshaveyougot?Ihavegot6cars.　　9)Howmanybirdscanyouseeinthetree?Icanseethree.　　10)Howmanydollsarethereonthebed?Thereisone/adoll.　　11)Howmanydollsarethereonthebed?Therearefourdolls.　　12)Whichfloordoyouliveon?Iliveonthefifthfloor.　　13)Excuseme,canyoutellmethewaytoBaiyunhotel?　　Yes,godownthisstreet,thenturnleftatthethirdcrossing„.　　14)Who’sthefifthgirlfromtheright?She’smycousin.　　注意：数词的应用;\n不可数名词及它的量的表示方法;many与much在用法上的区别;thereis/are与have/has在用法上的区别.(3)颜色：实物的颜色　　colours:red,pink,yellow,brown,blue,purple,orange,black,white,grey,darkblue,lightblue.　　相关句型:　　1)Whatcolourisyourcoat?It’s...　　2)What’syourfavouritecolour?Myfavouritecolouris......(4)时间：年、季节、月、星期、日、时刻　　year,season(spring,summer,autumn,winter),　　month:January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December.　　Week:Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday.　　Day:1stMay(thefirstofMay),May2nd(Maythesecond)　　Time:(an)hour,minute,second　　10:05(fiveminutespastten,tenofive)　　10:10(tenminutespastten,tenten)　　10:15(quarterpastten,tenfifteen)　　10:30(halfpastten,tenthirty)\n　　11:00(eleveno’clock)　　相关句型:　　1)Howoldisyourmother?She’sthirty-sixyearsold.2)Howmanymonthsarethereinayear?Thereare12.3)When’syourbirthday?Mybirthdayison15thJanuary(thefifteenthofJanuary).　　4)Whendoyougetup?Igetupatsixo’clock.　　5)Whendoesspringlast?Itlastsfor3monthsfromMarchtoMay.6)Whattimeisit?It’squartertonine.(5)食品与饮料：人对食品与饮料的喜好;东西方食品　　food:meat,rice,fish,bread,egg,cake,　drinks:water,milk,orange/apple/watermelon/banana/strawberryjuice,coke,coffee,black/greentea　　相关句型:　　1)Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink/eat?Yes,I’dlikesome„No,thanks.　　2)Wouldyouliketoeat/drink?I’dliketoeat/drink„No,thanks.　　3)What’syourfavouritefood/drink?Myfavouritefood/drinkis„\n4)CouldIhavesome„?Yes,please.(6)服装：服装的颜色:人对服装的喜好;某人的穿戴;所属关系　　clothes:hat,cap,coat,shirt,T-shirt,skirt,dress,sweater,jacket,trousers,sock,shoeputon,wear　　所属关系:形容词性的物主代词:my,your,his,her,its,our,their　　名词性的物主代词:mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs　　相关句型:　1)Whatdoesitlooklike?Itlikeswearingablueshirt.　2)Whoseshoesarethese?They’remine.They’reTom’s.　3)Isthis/that/ityourbook?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.　4)Isthispencilyours?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.　5)Arethese/those/theyyourcoatsandtrousers?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.　6)Arethoseclothestheirs?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.　7)Thisismyhat.Thathatishis.注意：　　名词单，复数;物主代词(名词性的物主代词，形容词性的物主代词);名词所有格，如：Tom’s,myfather’s,the\nteachers’.(7)玩具和文具：特点、颜色、所属关系;存在的位置Toys:doll,toy,toycar,toyplane,toyship......　文具:desk,book,bag,pen,pencil,pencil-box,ruler,chair,ball存在的位置:in,on,under,beside,behind,infrontof,inthefrontof,inthemiddleof,atthebackof„(aplace/aperson).　　相关句型:　　1)Thereisacupofteaonthetable.　　2)Therearesomeorangesinthefridge.3)Isthereanymilkintheglass?Yes,thereis.No,thereisn’t.4)Arethereanyorangesinthefridges?Yes,thereare.No,therearen’t.　　5)What’sunderthedesk?Thereisanorange./Therearesomeoranges.(8)日常生活用品：特点、颜色、所属关系;存在的位置　　words:shelf,table,clock,brush,telephone,light,computer,bike,fridge,glass,knife,keyboard,bottle,box,plate,photo,photograph,fax,radio,super-market,bookstore,noodles/cake/clothes/shoe/TV\nshop.特点:big,small,heavy,light,white,black,empty,full,old,new,beautiful,cute,tall,short,strong,plump,nice,good,bad(9)动物：家畜、家禽;农场动物、动物园及野生动物的特点;生活地点和所属关系　　words(animals):cat,dog,duck,goose(geese)fish,sheep,bird,panda,monkey,rabbit,hen,cock,chicken,tiger,lion,pig,cow,mouse(mice),giraffe,dolphin,　　生活地点：athome,inafarm,inazoo„所属关系：同上话题(7)(10)植物：　　特点、所属关系;存在的位置words:tree,rose,flower,leaf(leaves)„(11)环境与建筑：　　特点、所属关系;存在的位置　　buildings:factory,hospital,park,house,library,museum,office,farm,postoffice,bank,policestation,trainstation,sportsstadium,departmentstore,store,school,classroom,house:bathroom,living-room,sitting-room,bedroom,washroom,kitchen,garden„　　房子的基本构造：door,gate,wall,window,floor„\n　　相关句型:　　1)Wheredoyoustudyat?IstudyatLongdongPrimarySchool.　　2)Wheredoesyourmotherworkin?Sheworksinahospital.3)Let’smeetatthegateofthepark.4)Mybrotherisplayinginthegarden.(12)身体：特点　　body:head,hair,eye,nose,ear,mouth,neck,shoulder,hand,finger,foot(feet),toe„　　外貌:fat,thin,plump,tall,short,old,young,roundface,twobigblueeyes,longhair,shorthair,blackhair,whitehair„　　相关句型:　　1)I’m/You’re/He’s/She’s/We’re/They’re(not)tall.　　2)Ishe/shetallorshort?He’s/She’stall(short).　　3)I/We/They/Youhave(got)blackhair.　　4)He/Shehas(got)aroundface.　　5)Hashe/shegotlonghair?Yes,he/shehas.No,he/shehasn’t.\n　　注意：　　描述人的外貌时，have与has用法上的区别;　　形容词的用法，如:tall,short,old,young,black,long(13)个人情况：姓名、年龄、地址、特点与爱好　　age,year,address,e-mailaddress,hobby,hobby:collectingstamps(coins),goingswimming,doingsth　　相关句型:　　1)Howoldareyou?I’mthirteenyearsold.　　2)I’mathirteen-yearoldboy.　　3)What’syouraddress?IliveatNo.48Renminroad.　　4)What’syoure-mailaddress?Mye-mailaddressis123VIP@126.com.　　5)What’syourhobby?Myhobbyisgoingrunning.Or:Ilikegoingrunning.　　6)I/You/Theylikemusic.　　7)Helikessightseeing.　　8)Doyoulikereading?Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.9)Doeshe/shelikeplayingbasketball?Yes,he/shedoes.No,he/shedoesn’t.　　注意：\n　　描述个人的喜好时：名词和动词-ing　　形式作宾语;主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化。　　动词ing的变化规律：　　1)直接加ing，如：open-opening,clean-cleaning,meet-meeting,sing-singing,study-studying,„　　2)去掉词尾不发音的e，如：take-taking,close-closing,come-coming,drive-driving,have-having,use-using,write-writing,practice-practicing,„　　3)重读闭音节的，双写最后的字母，加ing,如：sit-sitting,put-putting,begin-beginning,get-getting,swim-swimming,run-running,cut-cutting,become-becoming,„　　主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化规律(与名词变复数规律相同)：　　1)直接加s，如：cook-cooks,come-comes,close-closes；　　2)以o,x,s,sh,ch结尾+es,如:teach-teaches,go-goes,do-does,catch-catches,wash-washes,brush-brushes,miss-misses；　　3)辅音字母加y结尾，把y改为i，+es，如：fly-flies,worry-worries,carry-carries；　　4)以f或fe结尾，把f或fe，改为v+es；　　5)特殊：have-has；\n(14)家庭、亲属和朋友：姓名、年龄、地址、特点与爱好：与你的关系　　words:family,grandfather(grandpa/granddad),grandmother(grandma/grandmum),father,mother,brother,sister,uncle,aunt,cousin,friend　　相关句型:1)Ishe/sheTom’scousin?Yes,he/sheis.No,he/sheisn’t.　　2)Who’she/she?He’s/She’smyfriend.3)Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?Whoarethey?Therearefour,myfather,mymother,mybrotherandme.注意：1名词单复数，如：family-families;　　名词单数--复数规律:　　1)直接加s，如：boy-boys,term-terms,2)以o,x,s,sh,ch结尾+es,如:box-boxes,3)class-classes,glass-glasses,coach-coaches,dress-dresses,fax-faxes,inch-inches,match-matches,4)辅音字母加y结尾，把y改为i，+es，如：baby-babies,lady-ladies,factory-factories,\npeach-peaches,library-libraries,watch-watches；　　5)以f或fe结尾，把f或fe，改为v+es:leaf-leaves,knife-knives,wife-wives,shelf-shelves,„　　6)特殊:man-men,policeman-policemen,woman-women,child-children,goose-geese,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,　　7)不变:hair,milk,tea,coffee,water,bread,rice,paper,juice,meat,people,fish,sheep,„2名词所有格，表明是“谁的”如：mycousin’s,hisparents’它的构成规则：单数名词后+“’s”，Mike’smother.复数名词词尾有，其后只+“’”，Teachers’Da教师节.若是两人共有时，只在后者+“’s”,JimandTom’smother.吉姆和汤姆的母亲。不是两者所共有的，两者都+“’s”,　　Jim’sandTom’smother.吉姆母亲和汤姆的母亲。名词若是无生命，所有格构成用of,amapofChina.一幅中国地图(15)学校：学校建筑和学校生活　　words:schoolbuilding,classroom,dormitory,playground,library„　　subjects:Chinese,maths,English,music,computer,PE,art,biology,politics,history,meeting,geography.　　相关句型:　　1)What’syourfavouritesubject?English.　　2)Where’sthelibrary?It’sbehindthedormitory.\n　　3)Whendoyougotoschool?At7:20.　　4)WhendoesChinesebeginonMonday?AtEighto’clock.　　5)DoesgeographybeginattwentytotenonMonday?Yes,itdoes.No,itdoesn’t.6)We’rehavinganEnglishclass.(16)社交礼仪：礼貌用语;询问与应答　1.Greetings:Hello!Hi!Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.Howareyou?Fine,thanks.Andyou?Pleasesayhellotoyourparentsforme.　2.Introduction:Mynameis„I’mapupil.I’mnewhere.ThisisMr/Mrs/MissWhite.Hello,nicetomeetyou.3.Farewells:Goodbye/Bye-bye/Bye.Seeyouthen/tomorrow.Goodnight.It’slate.Imustgohomenow.Thankingforcoming.　4.Thanks:Thankyou(verymuch).You’rewelcome.Notatall.　5.apologies:Sorry.I’msorry.That’sallright.Excuseme.　6.Incitation:Willyougoshoppingwithme?Wouldyouliketogo?\nI’dloveto.Thankyou.　7.Askingforpermission:MayIhaveanapple?Could/CanIuseyourbike?　　Sure.Certainly.Yes,ofcourse.Yes,doplease.　8.Expressingwishes:Happybirthday!Thankyou.　9.Offeringhelp:CanIhelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?　10.Makingappointments:Areyoufreetomorrow?Whatabouttomorrowafternoon?　　Let’smeetatthegateat7:50.Shallwevisitthemuseum?　11.Hello!MayIspeaktoKate?Speaking/It’sKatehere.Who’sthis/that,please?　12.Takingmeals:Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?Wouldyoulikesomefish/meat?　13.Shopping:CanIhelpyou,sir?WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?Whataboutthisone?Doyoulikethisone?　　Iwant/I’dlikesomeoranges.Howmuchistheshirt/arethesocks?It’stosmall.Twokilos,please.I’lltakeit.　14.Askingtheway:Excuseme.WhereistheGuangzhouLibrary?　　CanyoutellyoumethewaytotheGardenHotel,please?\nCanItakethisbustoBeijingRoad?Isthereahotelnearhere?(17)国家与城市：地理位置;特点　　Countries:China,Japan,America(theUSA),English(theUK),Australia,Russia,Canada,Italy,India,France,　　Nationalities:Chinese,Japanese,American,Englishman,Australian,Russian,Canadian,Italian,Indian,French,　　相关句型:　　1)Where’sJapan?It’stotheeastofChina.　　2)Wheredoesyourfriendcomefrom?ShecomesfromEnglish.　　3)Wherearetheyfrom?They’refromRussia.　　4)Whatcountrydoyoufrom?IcomefromChina.　　5)Whatcountryishefrom?He’sfromFrance.　6)Whatlanguagedoesshespeak?ShespeaksFrench.7)Whatlanguagedotheyspeak?TheyspeakChinese.(18)天气：气候特征　　weather:hot,cold,cool,warm,sun,shine,sunny,rain,heavyrain,lightrain,rainy,wind,strongwind,windy,snow,heavysnow,lightsnowsnowy,cloud,cloudy\n　　temperature:15(fifteendegreescentigrade),0(zerodegreecentigrade),-5(minusdegreescentigrade)„　　相关句型:　　1)What’stheweatherlikeinspring?It’swarm,rainyandwet.　　2)Whatwilltheweatherbelikethere?Itwillbesunny.　　3)Isitsnowing?Yes,itisasnowyday.　　4)Willtherebecloudy?Yes,therewill.　　5)Thesunisshining.　6)Iliketakingawarmbath.(19)节日：节日的特点;节日的活动　　festivals:NewYear’sDay,SpringFestival,Women’sDay,AprilfoolishDay,MayDay,Mother’sDay,Children’sDay,Father’sDay,Party’sDay,Army’sDay,Mid-autumnFestival,Teachers’Day,NationalDay,ThanksGivingDay,ChristmasDay.　　NewYear’sDay:1stJanuary.　　SpringFestival:It’stheChineseNewYear.It’sthefirstdayoftheChineseyear.It’saveryspecialfestivalforallChinesepeople.ItisusuallyattheendofJanuaryorthebeginningofFebruary/inlateJanuaryorearly\nFebruary.Thechildrencanget“luckymoney”.Women’sDay:It’son8thMarch.　　AprilFoolishDay:on1stApril,onthisday,peoplecanplayjokestotheirfriends.　　MayDay:1stMay,laborers’day.　　Mother’sDay:onthesecondSundayofMay.Children’sDay:onJune1st.　　Father’sDay:onthethirdSundayinJune.　　Party’sbirthday:inChina,it’son1stJuly.Army’sDay:inChina,it’son1stAugust.　　Mid-autumnFestival:on15thAugustofChineselunarcalendar.InChina,peopleeatspecialcakescallsmooncakesandwatchthefullmoon.Teachers’Day:on10thSeptember.　　NationalDay:inChina,it’satthebeginningofOctober.　　ThanksGivingDay:thelastThursdayinNovember,it’sAmericanfestival.ChristmasDay:December25th.(20)方位：人或物的位置;问路与应答　　place:in,on,at,under,near,nextto,beside,behind,infrontof,inthefrontof,inthemiddle(of),back,ontheright/left,thesecond/„personfromtheright/left\n　　A:Excuseme.Where’sthedepartmentstore?CanyoutellmethewaytotheGardenHotel,Please?CanItakethisbustoBeijingRoad?Isthereahotelnearhere?B:It’soverthere.Turnright/leftatthefirstcrossing.Thehotelisontheright/left.I’msorry,Idon’tknow.(21)正在发生的事情：现在进行的动作和发生的事bedoingsomething　　1)I’m/You’re/He’s/She’s/We’re/They’re(not)working.　　2)Areyouplayingfootball?Yes,Iam/weare.　　3)Ishe/shetakingexercise?Yes,he/sheis.No,he/sheisn’t.　　4)Aretheygoingshopping?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.　　5)Whatareyoudoing?I’m/We’recleaningtheroom.　　6)What’she/shedoing?He’s/She’shavingsupper.　　7)Whataretheydoing?They’rereading.(22)日常生活：日常生活、工作、学习的活动dailyroutine　　getup，brushone’steeth,washone’sface,makebreakfast,havebreakfast,gotoschool/work,domorning\nexercises,haveclasses,playbasketball,playfootball,run,jump,gohome,havelunch,havesupper,doone’shomework,watchTV,dosomereading,takeabath,gotobed　　1)Whattimedoyougetup?Iusuallygetupat6o’clock.　　2)ShenZhenoftentakesabathat9o’clockinthemorning.3)Mymotherisneverlateforwork.(23)计划与打算：计划和将要进行的动作和发生的事begoingtodo　　1)I’m/You’re/He’s/She’s/We’re/They’re(not)goingtovisitthemuseum.　2)Areyougoingtoswim?Yes,Iam/weare.No,I’mnot/wearen’t.　3)Ishe/shegoingtoseeMissWang?Yes,he/sheis.No,he/sheisn’t.　4)Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?I’m/We’regoingtovisitthefarm.　5)I/You/He/She/They/Wewillgoskiing.　6)Areyougoingtobebusytomorrow?Yes,Iam/weare.　　goswimming,goshopping,goclimbing,goskiing,gowalking,gorunning,gofishing,goskating,gosightseeing,\n(24)能力和可能：可能进行的动作和发生的事　　1)I/You/He/She/We/Theycan(can’t)comeheretomorrow.　2)Canhe/shevisitthefactorytoday?Yes,he/shecan.No,he/shecan’t.　　3)Cantheygobybus?Yes,theycan.No,theycan’t.　　4)MayIvisitthefactorythisafternoon?Yes,ofcourse/Sure/Certainly.5)MayIsithere?Yes,ofcourse/pleasedo.注意:情态动词can的用法,cando(+动词原形).overthere.Turnright/left