小学知识点总结 28页

小学英语重要的知识点三年级上册Unit1---Unit3:一．单词：1.文具类：penpencilpencil-caserulererasercrayonbookbagsharpener2.身体部位类：headfacenosemoutheyeeararmhandfingerlegfootbody3.颜色类red yellow green blue  purple  white   black   orange    pink brown二．对话：1.打招呼语见老朋友：Hello！Hi！Goodmorning!Goodafternoon!Howareyou?见新朋友：Nicetomeetyou!Gladtoseeyou!2.介绍语：自己：I'm......Mynameis......介绍别人：Thisis...3.再见语：Goodbye!Bye!SeeyouBye--ByeUnit4----Unit6一．单词：1.动物：catdogmonkeypandarabbit ducksquirrel mouse elephant  pig   bird  bear2.食物：cake bread  hotdoghamburgerchickenFrenchfriescoke  juice  milk  water  tea    coffee  \n3.数字+玩具one  two  three  four  five  six  seven  eight  nine  ten  doll  ball  boat  kiteballoon  car    plane 三年级上册句子1. Ihavea.（Good/Super/Great/Wow)2.MayIhavealook?Sure. 3.Ilikehamburgers/juice.4.CanIhavesomechicken?Sure/Certainly.5.Howoldareyou?I’mnine.6.Happybirthday!Howmany+名词复数三．文化：1.教师节Teacher'sDay(Sept.10th)2.万圣节：HappyHalloween(Oct.31st)3.缩写式：4个（UKUSAPRCCAN)4.象征性动物：pandakangaroo......英语（PEP）三年级下册Unit1---Unit31.人称：boy girlteacher 　student 　 2.家庭成员：Father　 dad　 mother   mom    man  woman    grandmother    grandma    grandfather  grandpa  sister  brother  \n3：数字eleven  twelve  thirteenfourteenfifteen sixteen  seventeen  eighteennineteen  twenty 二．句子：1.Whereareyoufrom?I'mfromAmerican.2.Who'sthiswoman/girl?Sheismy......3.Howmanykitescanyousee?Icansee11.4.Howmanybooksdoyouhave?Ihave16.Unit4----Unit6一．单词1.水果peach  pear  orange  watermelon  apple banana  grape  strawberry2.交通工具 bus bike taxi   jeep3.学习用具：desk chair walkmanlamp4.形容词：small big long short  tall  二．句子1.Doyoulikepears?Yes,Ido.No,Idon't.2.CanIhaveanapple,please?Certainly.\n3.Whereismycar?It'sunderthechair.4.CanIuseyourpencil?No,problem.4.Lookattheelephant!Ithasshorttailandalongnoise!三．文化1.妇女节：Women'sDay(Mar.8th)2.儿童节：Children'sDay(June1st)四年级上册（unit1--3）一．对话:1.Let's/mecleantheroom.祈使句2.Howmany...doyouhave?Ihave......Howmany...canyousee?Icansee......3.Myfriendisstrong.He/Shelikesmusic.He/Shehasshorthair.二．单词1.室内物品：classroom window　boardlightpicturedoorfloor computer wall fan  teacher’sdesk2.书:Chinesebook Englishbook mathbook schoolbagstory-book notebook  3.数字：twenty-one  thirty  thirty-onefortyforty-one fifty 4.描述：longhairshorthairthinstrongquiet5.科目：musicsciencesportscomputergamepainting\n四年级上（Unit4--6）一，句子4.Isthisyourbedroom?Yes,itis.No,itisn't.Wherearethekeys?They'reinthedoor.5.Whatwouldyoulikefordinner?I'dlikesome.......6.Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?Thereare3......二．单词居家用品：studybedroombathroomlivingroomkitchenphonebedsofashelffridgetable菜单：ricefishnoodlevegetablesoupbreadmilkeggwaterchicken餐具：knifechopsticksspoonplatefork家庭成员：familyparentsuncleauntbaby职业：baseballplayerdriverdoctorfarmernurse四年级下册（Unit1--3)一，句子1.Thisis/Thatismycomputer.Whereisthefloor?It'sonthefirstfloor.2.Whattimeisit?It's2o'clock.It'stimefor+名词to+动词3.IsthisyourT--shirt?Yes,itis./No,itisn't=No,it'snot.\nWhatcolorisit?It'swhite.二．单词1.校内名称：playgroundgardenteacher'soffice librarycanteenartroomComputerroomwashroommusicroomgymTVroom.2.三餐eat/havebreakfastdinner3.课程：EnglishsciencemathmusicP.E.class4.动词短语：getupgotoschoolgohomegotobed5.衣服：（单数）jacketshirtskirtdresssweaterT-shirt（复数）socksjeanspantsshoesshorts四年级下册（Unit4-6）一．句子1.What'stheweatherlike+时间/地点It's+形容词It'swarmtoday.Let'splayfootball.2.Howmuchisit?It'stenyuan.4.Howmucharethey?Theyare......5.Whatarethey?Theyaregoats.6.Aretheyducks?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren't.二．单词天气：weatherwarmcoolhotcoldsnowyrainywindycloudysunny形容词：colorfulprettycheapexpensive鞋：bootssandalsslipperssneakers\n动物：sheephorsehenlambgoatcow蔬菜：tomatocucumberpotatoonioncarrot代词：this--thesethat--thosehe/she/it--they五年级上册(Unit1--3)一．句子1.Who’syourmathteacher? Mr./Miss...2.What’she/shelike? He/She’stallandstrong   3.Isshestrict?  Yes,sheis.4.Whatdayisittoday? It’sWednesday.5.WhatdoyouhaveonWednesdays?6.WehaveEnglish,science,computerandP.E..7.WhatdoyoudoonSaturdays?  8.Ioftendomyhomework.9.WhatdoyouhaveforlunchonMondays?Wehave......10.What'syourfavouritefruit/food?Ilike......二．单词1.形容词：youngsmartfunnytallstrongkindoldshortthinstrictactivequite2.名词：principaluniversitystudent3.星期：MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdaySunday4.动词短语：dohomeworkwatchTVreadabook\n1.食物：cabbagemuttonporkeggplantfishgreenbeanstofupotatotomato(注不可数名词前不加a/an但可以加the）2.味道：tastysweetsallysourfresh五年级上（Unit4--6）一．句子1.Whatcanyoudo?Ican......Canyou+动词原形？Yes，Ican.No,Ican't.2.Therebe+物+地点表示某处有.......Thereisabookonthedesk.Isthereabookonthedesk?Yes,thereis.No,thereisn't.3.Therearesomebooksonthedesk.Arethereanybooks......?Yes,thereare.No,therearen't.二．单词短语：useacomputeremptythetrashcookthemealswatertheflowerssweepthefloorcleanthebedroomhelpathomemakethebedsetthetablewashtheclothesdothedishesputawaytheclothes室内物品：airconditionercurtainclosettrashbinmirrorendtable介词：\ninonoverundernearinfrontofunder自然：skycloudmountainriverflowergrassLakeforestpath城乡：villagecityhousebridgetreebuilding五年级下（Unit1--3）一．句子：1.Whendoyougetup?Iusuallygetupat......2.Whatdoyoudoontheweekend?UsuallyI......SometimesI.......Ioften......3.What’syourfavouriteseason?Ilike......Whichseasondoyoulikebest?4.Whydoyoulike......?BecauseIcan......5.Whenisyourbirthday/Teacher’sday?\It’sinMay/Sept.10th.6.What’sthedate?June9th.二．单词1.动词短语domorningexerciseseatbreakfasthaveEnglishclassplaysportseatdinnerclimbmountainsgoshoppingplaythepianovisitgrandparentsgohikingmakeasnowmanflykitesplanttress2.季节：springsummerfallwinter\n1.动词：swimskatewhybecause2.月份：January(Jan.)February(Feb.)March(Mar.)April(Apr.)MayJuneJulyAugust(Aug.)September(Sept.)October(Oct.)November(Nov.)December(Dec.)3.序数词：firstsecondthirdfourthfiftheighthninthtwelfthtwentieth4.其它：birthdayuncleherdate五年级下（4--6）一．句子1.现在进行时：正在进行的动作或发生的事be+Ving肯定句：Iamreadingabook.否定句：Iamnotreadingabook.疑问句：特殊疑问句：Whatareyoudoing?Iam/WeareWhatishe/she/itdoing?He/She/It...Whataretheydoing?Theyare......一般疑问句：Areyoudoing...?Ishe/she/it...?Arethey...?2.打电话：Hello!/Hi,Thisis.../ItisCanIspeakto...please?Thereisacallforyou.二．单词：现在分词构成1）直接加ing2）去e加ing如：takewritehavemake\n3)双写加ing如：runswimsit三．动词短语：drawpicturescookdinnerreadabookanswerthephonelistentomusiccleantheroomwritealetterwriteane-maildrinkwatertakepictureswatchinsectspickupleavesdoanexperimentcatchbutterfliescountinsectscollectleaveswriteareportplaychesshaveapicnic四．动词：studyflyjumpwalkrunswimsleepclimbfightswim重点句子1Whendoyoueatdinner?你什么时候吃晚饭？2Ieatdinnerat7:00intheevening.我在晚上七点吃晚饭。3Whendoyougetup?你几点起床？4Iusuallygetupat12:00noon.我通常在中午12点起床。5Whatdoyoudoontheweekend?你在周末做什么？6UsuallyIwatchTVandgoshopping.SometimesIvisitmygrandparents.我通常看电视，有时我去拜访我的祖父母。7Whataboutyou?你呢？8Ioftenplayfootball.SometimesIgohiking.我经常踢足球，有时去远足9Whichseasondoyoulikebest?你最喜欢哪个季节？10Ilikewinterbest.我最喜欢冬天。11Summerisgood,butfallismyfavouriteseason.\n夏天很好，但秋天是我最喜欢的季节。12Whydoyoulikesummer?你为什么喜欢夏天？13BecauseIcanswiminthelake.因为我能在湖里游泳。14Whydoyoulikewinter?你为什喜欢冬天？15BecauseIcansleepalongtime.因为我能谁很长时间的觉。16Whenisyourbirthday?你的生日是什么时候？17It'sinMay.它在五月份。18MybirthdayisinJune.UncleBill'sbirthdayisinJune,too.我的生日在六月，Bill的生日也在六月。19IsherbirthdayinJune?她的生日在六月吗？Yes.是的。20What'sthedate?今天是几月几号？（今天的日期是什么？）June9th.六月九日。21ThisisZhangPeng.这是张鹏。22Whatareyoudoing?正在做什么？23I'mdoingthedishes.我正在洗盘子。24I'mreadingabook.我正在读书。25Grandpaiswritingaletter.祖母正在写信。26Brotherisdoinghomework.兄弟正在做家庭作业。27Momiscookingdinnerinthekitchen.妈妈正在厨房里做晚饭。28He'swritingane-mailinthestudy.他正在书房里写邮件。29Whatisitdoing?它正在做什么？30It'seatingbananas.它正在吃香蕉。\n31Whatisshedoing?她正在做什么？32She'sjumping.她正在跳。33Whataretheydoing?他们正在做什么？34Theyareswimming.他们正在游泳。35Theyareclimbingtrees.他们正在爬树。36Areyoueatinglunch?你们正在吃午饭吗？37No,wearen't.不，不是。38Aretheyeatingthehoney他们正在吃蜂蜜吗?39Yestheyare.是的，他们正在吃。40Isheplayingchess?他正在下棋吗？41Yes,heis.是的，他正在下。42Isshecountinginsects?她正在数昆虫吗？43No,sheisn't.不。，不是。六年级上册一．单词:交通工具：onfoot步行bybike乘自行车bybus乘公共汽车train乘火车plane乘飞机ship乘轮船subway乘地铁规则：traffic交通trafficlight交通灯trafficrule交通规则stop停停车站wait等等待getto到达建筑物：library图书馆postoffice邮局hospital医院cinema电影院bookstore书店where哪里please请nextto与...相邻north北south南east东west\n西turn转turnright向右转turnleft向左转gostraight直走then然后thismorning今天早晨thisafternoon今天下午thisevening今天晚上nextweek下周comicbook漫画书postcard明信片buy买(过去式bought)hobby爱好ride骑(riding)dive跳水(diving)play(playing)theviolin拉小提琴make(making)akite制作风筝collect(collecting)stamps集邮live居住(三单lives)teach(三单teaches)go(三单goes)watch(三单watches)read(三单reads)do(三单does)singer歌手writer作家actor男演员actress女演员artist画家TVreporter电视台记者accountant会计policeman男警察salesperson销售员cleaner清洁工work工作where在哪里rain雨，下雨cloud云彩sun太阳stream小溪from来自seeds种子soil土壤spout嫩芽plant种植植物should应该then然重点句子1HowdoyougotoschoolSarah?Sarah你怎样去上学？2UsuallyIgotoschoolonfoot.SometimesIgobybike.通常我步行去，有时我骑自行车去上学。3HowdoyougotoZhongshanpark?你怎样去中山公园？4YoucangobytheNo.15bus.你可以坐15路公共汽车。5Whereisthecinema,please?请问电影院在哪里？6It'snexttothehospital.它在医院的旁边。7Turnleftatthecinema,thengostraight.It'sontheleft.在电影院向左拐，然后直走，它就在左边。\n8Whatareyougoingtodoontheweekend?在周末你打算做什么？9I'mgoingtovisitmygrandparentsthisweekend.这个周末我打算去拜访我的祖父母。10Wherearegoingthisafternoon?今天下午你打算去哪？11I'mgoingtothebookstore.我打算去书店。12Whatareyougoingtobuy?你打算买什么？13I'mgoingtobuyacomicbook.我打算买一本漫画书。14What'syourhobby?你的爱好是什么？15Ilikecollectingstamps.我喜欢集邮。16Helikescollectingstamps,too.他也喜欢集邮。17DoessheteachEnglish?她教英语吗？18No，shedoesn't.不，她不教英语。19Yes，shedoes.是的，她教英语。20Whatdoesyourmotherdo?你的妈妈是做什么的？21SheisaTVreporter.她是个电视新闻记者。22Wheredoesshework?她在哪里工作？23Howdoesshegotowork?她怎样去工作？24Howdoyoudothat?你怎样做？25Whatshouldyoudothen?然后你应该做什么？\n六年级下册单词taller更高的shorter更矮的stronger更强壮的younger更年轻bigger更大的heavier更重的longer更长的thinner更瘦的haveafever发烧hurt疼痛haveacold感冒havetoothache牙疼haveaheadache头疼haveasorethroat喉咙疼matter事情sore疼痛nose鼻子tired疲劳的excited兴奋的angry生气的happy高兴的bored无聊的sad伤心的watch观看(过去式watched)wash洗(过去式washed)clean打扫(过去式cleaned)play玩(过去式played)visit参观拜访(过去式visited)do做(过去式did)last上一个weekend周末park公园go去(过去式went)go(went)swimming去游泳read读(过去式read)go(went)fishing去钓鱼go(went)hiking去远足swam游泳flew飞learned学习Chinese汉语sang唱danced跳舞ategoodfood吃好东西tookapicture拍照climbed爬had有boughtpresent买礼物rowed划boat船saw看elephant大象goskiing去滑雪goiceskating去滑冰gotto到达only仅余的重要句子1Howtallareyou?你有多高？2I'm164cmtall.我164厘米高。3Youareshorterthanme.你比我矮一些4Youare4cmshorterthanme你比我矮4厘米。5Howheavyareyou?你有多重？6I'm48KG.我48公斤重。7I'mthinnerthanyouandshorter.我比你矮和瘦。8What'sthematter?你怎么了？\n9Mythroatissore.Mynosehurts.我的嗓子疼鼻子受伤了。10HowareyouLiuYun?Youlooksohappy.你怎了刘云？看起来很高兴11HowareyouSarah?Youlooksosadtoday.你怎么了Sarah？今天这么不高兴。12Whatdidyoudolastweekend?上周末你做什么了？13Iplayedfootball.我踢足球了14Didyoureadbooks?你读书了吗？15Yes,Idid.是的我读书了。16No,Ididn't.不，我没有读书。17Wheredidyougoonyourholiday?在你的假期你去哪了？18IwenttoXinJiang.我去新疆了。19Howdidyougothere?你怎样去那里？20Iwentbytrain.我乘火车去的。小升初重难点及考点汇总小升初英语考试中单项选择比例占到15%-30%，同时，在其他各种题型中也都涉及到大量的语法知识。重点词汇积累。一般重点中学的小升初英语考试，都要求学生具有2000到3000的词汇量，而且要求学生能读、能听懂这些单词，甚至要求孩子会拼写。实际运用能力。知识学到手会用才是关键，所以要大量操练。第一部分：基础知识1.字母：26个字母的大小写2.语音：48个国际音标\n元音的发音五个元音字母：AEIOU12个单元音，5个长元音：/ɑ:/，/ɔ:/，/Z:/，/i:/，/u:/短元音：/æ//e//I//ʊ//ʌ//ɒ//ə/8个双元音：/aI//ɒI//eI//aʊ//əʊ//eə//Iə//ʊə/28个辅音，辅音又分清辅音和浊辅音清辅音：/p//t//k//f//s//θ//tʃ//ʃ//tr//ts//һ/浊辅音：/b//d//ɡ//v//z//ð//dZ//Z//dr//dz//m//n//N//r//w//I//j/3.词汇：词汇量2000-3000，近反义词4.句子：大小写，标点符号第二部分：语法知识一.名词：名词单复数，名词的格（一）名词单复数1．一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives5．不规则名词复数：\nman-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原型：paper,juice,water,milk,rice,tea名词（二）名词的格(1)有生命的东西的名词所有格：单数后加’s如:Lucy’srulermyfather’sshirt以s结尾的复数名词后加’如:hisfriends’bags不以s结尾的复数后加’schildren’sshoes并列名词中，如果把’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有,如:TomandMike’scar汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’sTom’sandMike’scars汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of＋名词”来表示所有关系：如:apictureoftheclassroomamapofChina冠词二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类：（1）不定冠词：a/anaunit/anuncle元音开头的可数名词前用an:anegg/anapple/anorange/aneraser/ananswer/anIDcard/an\nalarmclock/anactor/anactress/ane-mail/anaddress/anevent/anexample/anopera/anoldman/aninterestingbook/anexcitingsport/anactionmovie/anartlesson/定冠词用法（2）定冠词：thetheeggtheplane定冠词的用法：（1）特指某（些）人或某（些）物：Therulerisonthedesk.（2）复述上文提到的人或物：Hehasasweater.Thesweaterisnew.（3）谈话双方都知道的人或物：Theboysaren’tatschool.（4）在序数词前：John’sbirthdayisFebruarythesecond.（5）用于固定词组中：inthemorning/afternoon/evening不定冠词用法不用冠词的情况：（1）专有名词前：Chinaisabigcountry.（2）名词前有定语：this,that,my,your,some,any,no等：如Thisismybaseball.（3）复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeyscan’tswim.Theyareteachers.（4）在节日，日期，月份，季节前：TodayisChristmasDay.It’sSunday.（5）一日三餐前：Wehavebreakfastat6:30.（6）球类棋类运动前：Theyoftenplayfootballafterclass.Heplays\nchessathome.*但乐器前要用定冠词：Iplaytheguitarverywell.（7）学科名称前：Myfavoritesubjectismusic.（8）在称呼或头衔的名词前：ThisisMrLi.（9）固定词组中：atnoonatnightbybus代词三、代词：人称代词，物主代词人称代词物主代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称单数Imemymine复数Weusourours第二人称单数youyouyouryours复数youyouyouryours第三人称单数hehimhishissheherherhersitititsits复数theythemtheirtheirs形容词、副词：四、形容词，副词：比较级，最高级（一）、形容词的比较级\n1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。2．形容词加er的规则：⑴一般在词尾加er；⑵以字母e结尾，加r；⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er；⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er。3．不规则形容词比较级：  good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful（二）副词的比较级1．形容词与副词的区别(有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动)  ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2．副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化：well-better,far-farther)数词：五数词：基数词，序数词一、基数词（1）1-20（2）21-99先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间加连字符。（3）101—999先说“几百”，再加and，再加末两位数或末位数；（4）l，000以上，先从右往左数，每三位数加一个“，”，第一个\n“，”前为thousand.第二个“，”前为million，第三个“，”前为billion  二、序数词（1）一般在基数词后加th（2）不规则变化one→first，two→second，three→third，five→fifth，eight→eighth，nine→ninth，twelve—twelfth（3）以y结尾的十位整数，变y为ie再加th（4）从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。基数词转为序数词的口诀：基变序，有规律，词尾加上-th.一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母t,d,d.八去t,九去e,ve要用f替。ty将y变成i，th前面有个e.若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。介词：六、介词：常用介词：in,on,at,behind等1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。（在某时刻、时间、阶段等）。2．on1）表示具体日期。注：（1）关于"在周末"的几种表示法：at（on）theweekend在周末---特指\nat（on）weekends在周末---泛指overtheweekend在整个周末duringtheweekend在周末期间（2）在圣诞节，应说atChristmas而不说onChristmas2）在（刚……）的时候。3．in表示"时段"、"时期"，在多数情况下可以和during互换，前者强调对比，后者强调持续。in（during）1988（December，the20thcentury）在一九八八年（十二月、二十世纪）动词：（四种时态）1）一般现在时：　一般现在时的构成　　1.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：　Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。　　2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。　　当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。动词+s的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2．以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes\n3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies2）一般过去时:动词过去式详解动词的过去式的构成规则有：Ａ、规则动词①    一般直接在动词的后面加ed：如　worked,learned,cleaned,visited②　以e结尾的动词直接加d：如　lived,danced,used③    以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed（此类动词较少）如　study–studiedcarry–carriedworry–worried（注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类）④双写最后一个字母（此类动词较少）如　stoppedＢ、不规则动词（此类词并无规则，须熟记）小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式：sing–sang,eat–ate,see–saw,have–had,do–did,go–went,take–took,buy–bought,get–got,read–read,fly–flew,am/is–was,are–were,say–said,leave–left,swim–swam,tell–told,draw–drew,come–came,lose–lost,find–found,drink–drank,hurt–hurt,feel–felt3）一般将来时：基本结构：①begoingto+do；②will+do.begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.=Iwillgoswimming\ntomorrow.4）现在进行时:am,is,are+动词现在分词动词现在分词详解动词的ing形式的构成规则：①   一般的直接在后面加上ing,如doing,going,working,singing,eating②以e结尾的动词，要先去e再加ing　，如having,writing③双写最后一个字母的（此类动词极少）有：running,swimming,sitting,getting4）现在进行时:am,is,are+动词现在分词动词现在分词详解动词的ing形式的构成规则：①   一般的直接在后面加上ing,如doing,going,working,singing,eating②以e结尾的动词，要先去e再加ing　，如having,writing③双写最后一个字母的（此类动词极少）有：running,swimming,sitting,getting句法1.陈述句（1）肯定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子（2）、否定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子2.疑问句一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes”，或“no”来回答。特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词（what,where,who,which,when,\nwhose,why,how等）开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用“yes、no”来回答。3.Therebe句型Therebe句型与have,has的区别1、Therebe句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）2、在therebe句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is;主语是复数，be动词用are;如有几件物品，be动词根据最*近be动词的那个名词决定。3、therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。4、therebe句型与have(has)的区别：therebe表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has)表示某人拥有某物。5、some和any在therebe句型中的运用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。6、and和or在therebe句型中的运用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：  Howmany+      名词复数+arethere+介词短语？  Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语？8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：  What’s+介词短语？\n