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- 2022-06-21 发布
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蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆薇葿羆芈荿螈羅羈薅螄羅膀蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅羂肅艿螁羁膇蒄蚇肀艿芇薃聿罿蒂葿聿肁芅袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅肅膈莂袄肄芀薇螀膄莂莀蚆膃肂薆薂蝿芄莈薈螈莇蚄袆螇肆蒇螂螇腿蚂蚈螆芁蒅薄螅莃芈袃袄肃蒃蝿袃膅芆蚅袂莈蒂蚁袁肇莄薇袁膀薀袅袀节莃螁衿莄薈蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆薇葿羆芈荿螈羅羈薅螄羅膀蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅羂肅艿螁羁膇蒄蚇肀艿芇薃聿罿蒂葿聿肁芅袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅肅膈莂袄肄芀薇螀膄莂莀蚆膃肂薆薂蝿芄莈薈螈莇蚄袆螇肆蒇螂螇腿蚂蚈螆芁蒅薄螅莃芈袃袄肃蒃蝿袃膅芆蚅袂莈蒂蚁袁肇莄薇袁膀薀袅袀节莃螁衿莄薈蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆薇葿羆芈荿螈羅羈薅螄羅膀蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅羂肅艿螁羁膇蒄蚇肀艿芇薃聿罿蒂葿聿肁芅袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅肅膈莂袄肄芀薇螀膄莂莀蚆膃肂薆薂蝿芄莈薈螈莇蚄袆螇肆蒇螂螇腿蚂蚈螆芁蒅薄螅莃芈袃袄肃蒃蝿袃膅芆蚅袂莈蒂蚁袁肇莄薇袁膀薀袅袀节莃螁衿莄薈蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆薇葿羆芈荿螈羅羈薅螄羅膀蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅羂肅艿螁羁膇蒄蚇肀艿芇薃聿罿蒂葿聿肁芅袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅肅膈莂袄肄芀薇螀膄莂莀蚆膃肂薆薂蝿芄莈薈螈莇蚄袆螇肆蒇螂螇腿蚂蚈螆芁蒅薄螅莃芈袃袄肃蒃蝿袃膅芆蚅袂莈蒂蚁袁肇莄薇袁膀薀袅袀节莃螁衿莄薈蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆薇葿羆芈荿螈羅羈薅螄羅膀蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅羂肅艿螁羁膇蒄蚇肀艿芇薃聿罿蒂葿聿肁芅袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅肅膈莂袄肄芀薇螀膄莂莀蚆膃肂薆薂蝿芄莈薈螈莇蚄袆螇肆蒇螂螇腿蚂蚈螆芁蒅薄螅莃芈袃袄肃蒃蝿袃膅芆蚅袂莈蒂蚁袁肇莄薇袁膀薀袅袀节莃螁衿莄薈蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆薇葿羆芈荿螈羅羈薅螄羅膀蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅羂肅艿螁羁膇蒄蚇肀艿芇薃聿罿蒂葿聿肁芅袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅肅膈莂袄肄芀薇螀膄莂莀蚆膃肂薆薂蝿芄莈薈螈莇蚄袆螇肆蒇螂螇腿蚂蚈螆芁蒅薄螅莃芈袃袄肃蒃蝿袃膅芆蚅袂莈蒂蚁袁肇莄薇袁膀薀袅袀节莃螁衿莄薈蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆薇葿羆芈荿螈羅羈薅螄羅膀蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅羂肅艿螁羁膇蒄蚇肀艿芇薃聿罿蒂葿聿肁芅袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅肅膈莂袄肄芀薇螀膄莂莀蚆膃肂薆薂蝿芄莈薈螈莇蚄袆螇肆蒇螂螇腿蚂蚈螆芁蒅薄螅莃芈袃袄肃蒃蝿袃膅芆蚅袂莈蒂蚁袁肇莄薇袁膀薀袅袀节莃螁衿莄薈蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆薇葿羆芈荿螈羅羈薅螄羅膀蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅羂肅艿螁羁膇蒄蚇肀艿芇薃聿罿蒂葿聿肁芅袇肈芄薁螃肇莆莄虿肆肆蕿薅肅膈莂袄肄芀薇螀膄莂莀蚆膃肂薆薂蝿芄莈薈螈莇蚄袆螇肆蒇螂螇腿蚂蚈螆芁蒅薄螅莃芈袃袄肃蒃蝿袃膅芆蚅袂莈蒂蚁袁肇莄薇袁膀薀袅袀节莃螁衿莄薈蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆薇葿羆芈荿螈羅羈薅螄羅膀蒈蚀羄芃蚃薆羃莅蒆袅羂肅艿螁羁膇蒄蚇肀艿芇薃聿罿蒂葿袂羅腿蚁袁肇莄薇羁腿膇蒃羀衿莃荿罿羁膅蚇羈膄莁蚃羇芆芄蕿羆羆葿蒅薃肈节莁薂膀蒈蚀薁小学必须掌握的英语语法知识点一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives5.不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice;child-children;foot-feet,;tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese写出下列各词的复数I_________him_________this___________her______watch_______child_______diary______sandwich______foot________book_______dress________peach______box_______thief___thieves____orange______man______woman_______watchfox特殊tooth_______sheep______day__days_____二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍 【No.1】一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如:Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时的构成 1.be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如: Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如: WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 一般现在时的变化 1.be动词的变化。 否定句:主语+be+not+其它。 如:Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它。 如:-Areyouastudent? -Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Whereismybike? 2.行为动词的变化。 否定句:主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如: Idon'tlikebread. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如: Hedoesn'toftenplay. 一般疑问句:Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如:Doyouoftenplayfootball? -Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.32\n 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如: -Doesshegotoworkbybike? -Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Howdoesyourfathergotowork?动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:study-studies一般现在时用法专练:一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink________go_______stay________make________look_________have_______pass_______ carry____come________ watch______plant_______fly__flies___study_______brush________do_________ teach_______二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.11.Mike_______(like)cooking.12.They_______(have)thesamehobby.13.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell.15.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.16.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.18.Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.19.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.20. -Whatday_______(be)ittoday?-It’sSaturday.三、按照要求改写句子1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)______________________________________________________3.Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)___________________________ 4.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答32\n)___________________________________________________5.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)_______________________________________________________6.HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________7.Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(对划线部分提问)________________________________________________________8.JohncomesfromCanada.(对划线部分提问)___________________________________________________9.Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)________________________________________________________10.SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________五、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)1.Is yourbrotherspeakEnglish? __________________2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing? __________________3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass. __________________4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish. __________________5.Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays._________________三、现在进行时1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词不达意+be+主语+动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为: 疑问词不达意+be+动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making,taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running,stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习:一、写出下列动词的现在分词:play________run__________swim_________make__________go_________like________ write_________ski___________read________have_________sing ________dance_________put_________see________buy_________love____________live_______take_________come________ get_________stop_________sit________begin________shop___________二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicture32\nnow.2.Listen.Somegirls_______________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother_________________(cook)somenicefood now.4.What_____you______(do)now?5.Look.They_______________(have)anEnglishlesson.6.They____________(not,water)theflowersnow.7.Look!thegirls________________(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She_________(listen)tomusic. 9.It’s 5 o’clocknow.We_____________(have)suppernow10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.三、句型转换:1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.I’mplayingthefootballintheplayground.(对划线部分进行提问)____________________________________________________________4.Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(对划线部分进行提问)____________________________________________________________四、一般将来时一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow(后天)等。二、基本结构:①begoingto+do;②will+do.三、否定句:在be动词(am,is,are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。例如:I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑问句:be或will提到句首,some改为any,and改为or,第一二人称互换。例如:Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1. 问人。Who例如:I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon.2. 问干什么。What…do.例如:Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethis afternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.3. 问什么时候。When.例如:She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoing tobed?六、同义句:begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow(明天).=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.练习:填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛?32\n我想去打篮球。What___________________________________________nextMonday?I__________________playbasketball.What_________youdonextMonday?I________playbasketball.3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。_____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis___________?Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.4. 你们打算什么时候见面。Whattime_______you___________________meet?改句子。5. Nancyisgoingtogocamping.(改否定)Nancy________goingtogocamping.6. I’llgoandjointhem.(改否定)I_______go______jointhem.7. I’mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)_______________________togetupat6:30tomorrow?8. Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.(改一般疑问句)_______________meetatthebusstopat10:30.9. Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.(对划线部分提问)_______________she_________________________afterschool?10. Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.(同上)__________________goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.二。用所给词的适当形式填空。11. Todayisasunnyday.We___________________(have)apicnicthisafternoon.12. Mybrother_______________(go)toShanghainextweek.13. Tomoften______________(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He______________(go)toschoolbybike.14. Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually__________(watch)TVand____________(catch)insects?15. It’sFridaytoday.What_____she_________(do)thisweekend?She____________(watch)TVand_____________(catch)insects.16. What___________(d0)youdolastSunday?I____________(pick)applesonafarm.What______________(do)nextSunday?I______________(milk)cows.17. Mary____________(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.18. LiuTao____________(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.19. David______________(give)apuppetshownextMonday.20. I________________(plan)formystudynow.五、一般过去时1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(wasnot=wasn’t)⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(werenot=weren’t)⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,32\nare一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句:didn’t+动词原形,如:Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday. 一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:DidJimgohomeyesterday? 特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如: WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Whowenttohomeyesterday?动词过去式变化规则:1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled,cook-cooked2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied5.不规则动词过去式:am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式is\am_________fly_______plant________are________drink_________play_______go________make________does_________dance________worry________ask_____taste_________eat__________draw________put______throw________kick_________pass_______do ________Be动词的过去时练习(1)Name____________ No.______Date__________一、 用be动词的适当形式填空1. I_______atschooljustnow.2. He________atthecamplastweek.3. We________studentstwoyearsago.4. They________onthefarmamomentago.5. YangLing________elevenyearsoldlastyear.6. There________anappleontheplateyesterday.7. There________somemilkinthefridgeonSunday.8. Themobilephone_______onthesofayesterdayevening.二、 句型转换1.Itwasexciting. 否定句:________________________________________________一般疑问句:____________________________________________肯、否定回答:__________________________________________2.Allthestudentswerevery32\nexcited. 否定句:________________________________________________一般疑问句:____________________________________________肯、否定回答:__________________________________________3.Theywereinhispocket. 否定句:________________________________________________一般疑问句:____________________________________________肯、否定回答:__________________________________________Be动词的过去时练习(2)一、用be动词的适当形式填空1. I______anEnglishteachernow.2. She_______happyyesterday.3. They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.4. HelenandNancy________goodfriends.5. Thelittledog_____twoyearsoldthisyear.6. Look,there________lotsofgrapeshere.7. There________asignonthechaironMonday..8. Today_____thesecondofJune.Yesterday______thefirstofJune.It_____Children’sDay.Allthestudents______veryexcited.二、句型转换1.Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow. 否定句:________________________________________________一般疑问句:____________________________________________肯、否定回答:__________________________________________肯、否定回答:__________________________________________行为动词的过去时练习(1)一、用行为动词的适当形式填空1.He_________(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.2.Thecat________(eat)abirdlastnight.3.We_______(have)apartylastHalloween.4.Nancy________(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.5.I________(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.6.They________(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.7.Mymother_______(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.8.Thegirls________(sing)and_______(dance)attheparty.二、句型转换1.SuHaitooksomephotosattheSportsday. 否定句:________________________________________________一般疑问句:____________________________________________肯、否定回答:__________________________________________2.Nancywenttoschoolearly. 否定句:________________________________________________一般疑问句:____________________________________________肯、否定回答:__________________________________________3.WesangsomeEnglish32\nsongs. 否定句:________________________________________________一般疑问句:____________________________________________肯、否定回答:__________________________________________行为动词的过去时练习(2)一、用be动词的适当形式填空1.I______(watch)acartoononSaturday.2.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.3.We_________tozooyesterday,we_____tothepark.(go)4.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?5.______he_______(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he______.6.GaoShan_______(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.7.I____________(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymother____.8.What______she_______(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She__________(find)abeautifulbutterfly.二、句型转换1.Theyplayedfootballintheplayground. 否定句:________________________________________________一般疑问句:____________________________________________肯、否定回答:__________________________________________过去时综合练习(1)一、 用动词的适当形式填空1.It______(be)Ben’sbirthdaylastFriday.2.Weall______(have)agoodtimelastnight.3.He________(jump)highonlastSportsDay.4.Helen________(milk)acowonFriday.5.Shelikes______newspapers,butshe______abookyesterday.(read)6.He_______footballnow,butthey_______basketballjustnow.(play)7.Jim’smother_________(plant)treesjustnow.8._______they________(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_____.9.I_______(watch)acartoononMonday.10.We___________(go)toschoolonSunday.二、 中译英1.我们上周五看了一部电影。_________________________________________________________2.他上个中秋节拜访朋友了吗?是的。 _________________________________________________________3.你们上个儿童节做了什么?我们参观了动物园。 _________________________________________________________4.你上周在哪儿?在美术馆。 _________________________________________________________过去时综合练习(2)一、 用动词的适当形式填空1.It_____(be)the2ndofNovemberyesterday.MrWhite________(go)tohisofficebycar.2.GaoShan________(put)thebookonhisheadamoment32\nago.3.Don’t______thehouse.Mum_______ityesterday.(clean)4.What____you______justnow?I_______somehousework.(do)5.They_________(make)akiteaweekago.6.Iwantto______apples.Butmydad_______allofthemlastmonth.(pick)7._______he______theflowersthismorning?Yes,he_____.(water)8.She____(be)aprettygirl.Look,she_____(do)Chinesedances.9.Thestudentsoften______(draw)somepicturesintheartroom.10.What______Mikedoonthefarm?He________cows.(milk)二、中译英1.他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。 _________________________________________________________2.他拉小提琴了吗?不,没有。 _________________________________________________________六、形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。2.形容词加er的规则:⑴一般在词尾加er;⑵以字母e结尾,加r;⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er;⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er。3.不规则形容词比较级: good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful二、副词的比较级1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动) ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better,far-farther)三、练习一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 old__________ young________ tall_______ long________ short________ strong________ big________ small_______ fat_________ thin__________ heavy______ light________ nice_________ good_________ beautiful__________________ low__________ high_________ slow_______ fast________ late__________ early_________ far_________ well_______二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式:1.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme.2.Tomisas________(fat)asJim.3.Isyoursister__________(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.4.Whois___________(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.5.Whosepencil-boxis__________(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.6.Mary’shairisas__________(long)as32\nLucy’s.7.Ben______(jump)________(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.8.________Nancysing__________(well)thanHelen?Yes,she_____.9.Fangfangisnotas_________(tall)astheothergirls.10.Myeyesare__________(big)than________(she)..11.Whichis___________(heavy),theelephantorthepig?12.Whogetsup_________(early),TimorTom?13._____thegirlsgetup_______(early)thantheboys?No,they______.14.Jimruns_____(slow).ButBenruns_____(slow).15.Thechilddoesn’t______(write)as____(fast)asthestudents.三、翻译句子:1、谁比Jim年纪大?________is_________thanJim?2、谁比David更强壮?________ _________thanDavid? 3、谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?我想是她的。_________pencilis_________,______or________?________is,Ithink.4、谁的苹果更重,你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的? 我的弟弟的。_________apples ________ ________,your_______oryour_______?My____________ ___________.5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗?是的。_________________as_________asyouruncle?Yes,Iam.6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。He_______as __________as________ ________Jim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗?不,她比他瘦。________________as_________as______twin_______?No,__________________thanhim.8.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。Ilike_______.Allmy______ _______ _______thanme.9.我的姐姐起得比我早。My_____ _____up_____thanme.10.女孩比男孩唱得好吗?是的。____thegirls______ ______ ______theboys?Yes,they____.11.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗?___you____football_____thanyourclassmates?12.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My_____ _____ ______thanmy______.13.她的毛衣和我的一样重。_____sweater_____ as_______as_____.14.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。Mydress_____ too_____.Iwantto_____a______one.七、Therebe句型与have,has的区别1、Therebe句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)2、在therebe句型中,主语是单数,be动词用is;主语是复数,be动词用are;如有几件物品,be动词根据最*近be32\n动词的那个名词决定。3、therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。4、therebe句型与have(has)的区别:therebe表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人拥有某物。5、some和any在therebe句型中的运用:some用于肯定句,any用于否定句或疑问句。6、and和or在therebe句型中的运用:and用于肯定句,or用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: Howmany+ 名词复数+arethere+介词短语? Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语?8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: What’s+介词短语?Fillintheblankwith“have,has”or“thereis,thereare”1.I________agoodfatherandagoodmother.2.____________atelescopeonthedesk.3.He_________atape-recorder.4._____________abasketballintheplayground.5.She__________somedresses.6.They___________anicegarden.7.Whatdoyou___________?8.______________areading-roominthebuilding?9.WhatdoesMike___________?10.______________anybooksinthebookcase?11.Myfather_________astory-book.12._______________astory-bookonthetable.13._______________anyflowersinthevase?14.Howmanystudents____________intheclassroom?15.Myparents___________somenicepictures.16._____________somemapsonthewall.17.______________amapoftheworldonthewall.18.David__________atelescope.19.David’sfriends___________sometents.20.______________manychildrenonthehill.用恰当的be动词填空。1、There alotofsweetsinthebox.2、There somemilkintheglass.3、There somepeopleunderthethebigtree.4、There apictureandamaponthewall.5、There aboxofrubbersnearthebooks.6、There lotsofflowersinourgardenlastyear.7、There atinofchickenbehindthefridgeyesterday.8、There fourcupsofcoffeeonthetable.Fill in the blank with “have, has”1. I_________anicepuppet.2. He_________agoodfriend.3. They__________somemasks.4. We___________someflowers.5. She___________aduck.6. Myfather____________anew32\nbike.7. Hermother___________avase.8. Ourteacher_________anEnglishbook.9. Ourteachers___________abasketball.10. Theirparents___________someblankets11. Nancy_________manyskirts.12. David__________somejackets.13. Myfriends__________afootball.14. Whatdoyou__________?15. WhatdoesMike__________?16. Whatdoyourfriends___________?17. WhatdoesHelen___________?18. Hisbrother________abasketball.\19. Hersister_________anicedoll.20. MissLi__________anEnglishbook.八、人称代词和物主代词1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单独使用,后面不带名词。一.填写代词表 主格宾格形容词性名词性 I me my mine you you your yours he him his his she her her hers it it its its we us our ours theythemtheir theirs一.用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Thatisnot_________kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_________isverybig. (I)2. Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she) 3. Isthis_________watch?(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)4. _________ismybrother._________nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare_________.(he)5. _________dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare_________?(you)6. Herearemanydolls,whichoneis_________? (she)7. Icanfindmytoy,butwhere’s_________?(you)8. Show_________yourkite,OK?(they)9. Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.(it)10. Arethese_________tickets?No,_________arenot_________._________aren’there.(they)11.Shall_________havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis_________classroom.(we)12. _________ismyaunt.Doyouknow_________job?_________anurse.(she)13.Thatisnot_________camera._________isathome.(he)14.Whereare_________?Ican’tfind_________.Let’scall_________parents.(they)15. Don’ttouch_________._________notacat,_________atiger!16. _________sisterisill.Pleasegoandget_________.(she)17. _________don’tknowhername.Wouldyoupleasetell_________.(we)18. Somanydogs.Let’scount_________.(they32\n)19. Ihavealovelybrother._________isonly20. MayIsitbeside_________?(you)21. Lookatthatdesk.Thosebookareon_________.(it) 22.Thegirlbehind_________isourfriend.(she)二、用am,is,are填空1.I______aboy. ______youaboy? No,I_____not.2.Thegirl______Jack'ssister.3.Thedog_______tallandfat.4.Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.5.______yourbrotherintheclassroom?6.Where_____yourmother? She______athome.7.How _______yourfather?8.MikeandLiuTao______atschool.9.Whosedress______this?10.Whosesocks______ they?11.That______myredskirt.12.Who______I?13.Thejeans______onthedesk.14.Here______ascarfforyou.15.Here______somesweatersforyou.16.Theblackgloves______ forSuYang.17.Thispairofgloves______forYangLing.18.Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme.19.Sometea______intheglass.20.Gaoshan'sshirt_______overthere.21.Mysister'sname______Nancy.22.This______notWangFang'spencil.23. ______ DavidandHelenfromEngland?24.There______agirlintheroom.25.There______someapplesonthetree.26._______thereanykitesintheclassroom?27._______thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?28.There_______somebreadontheplate.29.There_______aboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark.30.You,heandI______fromChina. 九.sometime(s)与sometime(s)的区别(1)sometimes是个频度副词,意为“有时候”,多用于一般现在时,对它进行提问常用howoften。如: SometimesIwatchTVwithmyparents.有时我和父母一起看电视。 —Howoftendoyouwritetoyourfather?你多久给你父亲写一次信? —Sometimes.有时。 Sometimeshecomesbybikeandsometimesbybus.32\n他有时骑车来,有时乘公共汽车来。(2)sometime是一个副词,意为“在某一时候(过去或将来)”,表示的是任何时候或某一不确定的时间,对它提问用when。如: Newstudentswillcometoschoolsometimenextweek.下周某个时候新同学就要到校上学了。 —Whencanyoufinishthework?你何时能完成这项工作。 —Sometimenextmonth.下个月某个时候。 YoucanhandinyourhomeworksometimebeforeFriday.你可以在周五前某个时候交(3)sometime是名词短语,意为“一段时间”,time是不可数名词,对它提问用howlong。如: ShewillstayinBeijingforsometime.她将在北京呆一段时间。 —HowlongcanIbeaway?我能离开多久? —Sometime.一段时间。 I'llbeawayforsometime.我将离开一段时间。(4)sometimes也是一个名词短语,意为“几次(倍)”.time在这里用作可数名词,意思是“次数”。 对它提问用howmanytimes。如: —HowmanytimesdoyouwatchTVeveryweek?你每周看几次电视? —Sometimes.好几次。 sometimes的意思是“几次”。例如: IhavebeentotheGreatWallsometimes. 我去过长城几次。 有一个口诀可以帮助记忆: 分开“一段时间”,相聚“某个时候”; S连住是“有时”,分开“几次”、“几倍”行。 解释:some和time分开写时表示“一段时间”,连着写时表示“某个时候”;有S连着写时表示“有时”,分开写表示“几次”、“几倍”的意思。一.用sometime,sometimes,sometime与sometimes填空(1)______,Ispentsometimereadinga______Englishlecturer'snovelwritten______in1996.(2)Doyouhave______now?Iwanttotalktoyou.(3)Thenewmanagerwas______veryhot-tempered.(4)Heismy______boss.(5)Aftertheexplosionitwas______beforethetownresumeditseverydayroutines.32\n(6)Imethim______inthestreetlastmonth。(7)Theplaywillbeputon______nextweek.(8)Goodstudentasheis,he______makesmistakes.十.年份、日期、时间一、年份关于四位数年份的读法有下列几种情形: 1)一般情况下,将表示年份的四个数字按前后分为两组,每一组的数字都按基数词来读。例如: 1865年读作eighteensixty-five 1998年读作nineteenninety-eight 2)如果前两个数字为非“零”数字,后两位数分别为“零”,则先读出前两位数,然后将后面的两个“零”读为hundred。例如: 1900年读作nineteenhundred 1800年读作eighteenhundred 3)第三个数字为“零”(其他数字不是“零”)的年份的读法应当将该“零”读为O[u]。例如: 1809年读作eighteenOnine 4)关于千年的一些读法。 2000年读作twothousand 2008年读作twothousandandeight(或twentyOeight) 1008年读作onethousandandeight(或tenOeight) 另外,还有一些非四位数的年份,它们有两种读法:一种是按照基数词的方法来读,另一种是一个一个数字来读。例如: 531BC读作fivethreeoneBC(或fivehundredandthirty-oneBC) 二、日期 英语日期的读法、写法和汉语不同,要注意区别。英语中年、月、日的表达方法是“月份+序数词,年”。2001年4月2日应该写成:April2nd,2001,读成:Aprilthesecond,twothousandandone。一般情况下,序数词是在基数词后加-th,但有几种特殊情况,可按下面规律来记:1、2、3单独记(即first,second,third),8后少t,9少e(即:eighth,ninth),5、12变ve为fth(即fifth,twelfth),整十位数变y为ie再加th(如twentieth),二位以上只将个数变序数词(如thirty-second)。 例如:October31(October31st)读作October(the)thirty-first August26(August26th)读作August(the)twenty-sixth 三、时间32\n 时间的读法有以下一些特点: 1)可以直接按照表示时间的数字来读。例如: 10:56读作tenfiftysix 8:30读作eightthirty 2)正点后的前半小时,通常说几点“过”(past)几分。例如: 9:25读作twenty-fivepastnine 2:16读作sixteenpasttwo 3)正点后的后半小时,通常说几点“差”(to)几分。此时,所说的“几点”指的是“正点”后的下一个“正点”。例如: 10:55读作fivetoeleven 8:40读作twentytonine 4)英语中的15分钟也可以说成“一刻钟”(aquarter)。例如: 4:15读作aquarterpastfour 7:45读作aquartertoeight 45分钟读作threequarters练习题:写出正确的英文形式 (1)Women’sDayison_________(三月八日) (2)At___________________intheafternoon(三点三刻) (3)__________to____ (12:53) (4)___________________(6:15) (5)ThetrainleavesforGuangzhouat_____________(11:37) (6)________________(1949年)十—.介词(表时间) 介词preposition缩写prep.,又叫前置词,表示其后的名词或代词(或是相当于名词的其他短语或从句)与其他句子成分的关系。介词是一种虚词,不能单独在句中作成分。 表示时间的(at、on、in、at、before,after、by、until、through、from、since、within) (1)at:用于表示时刻,时间的某一点。 atnoon在午时 atnight在夜间 atpresent目前32\n (2)on:用于星期,某天,某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时,一律用) onsunday在星期天 onsundaymorning在星期天的上午 onmarch8 在3月8日 (3)in:用于表示周、月、季节、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。 in1999 在1999年 innovember 在11月份 insummer 在夏季 intheafternoon在下午 过……后(未来时间) Ithinkhewillbebackinanhour.我想他一小时后就会回来。 Iheardthatshewouldbebackinamonth.我听说她一个月后回来的。 (4)before:在……之前 Weihuagotupbefore7o'clockthismorning.今天早晨,魏华在7点之前起床了。 (5)after:在……之后 Afterthat,nonoeshouldeverkillaseagull. 从那时起,任何人不得捕杀海鸥。 (6)by:在……前(时间),截止(到)…… BythetimeIarrived,shehadalreadygone. 在我到达之前,她已经走了。 (7)for:达……之久(表示过了多少时间),可以和一般现在时,过去时,将来时连用,但是经常和完成时连用。 Florenceoftenworkedfortwenty-fourhourswithoutrest. 弗洛沦斯常常工作24小时而不休息。 (8)during:在……期间 Duringthelifetimeofoneman,northamericaandeurope willmorefurtherapartbynearlytwometres. 在一个人的一生期间,北美洲和欧洲由于漂移,其间的距离将要增加差不多两米。 (9)through:一直……(从开始到结束) He,wholedtheunitedstatesthroughtheseyears,wasshot onapril14,1865,atatheaterinwashington 领导美国度过了这些年代的他,于1865年4月14日在美国华盛顿一家戏院里被人枪杀。 (10)from:从……起(时间) Thewordersweremadetoworkfrom7inthemorningto7intheevening.工人们被迫从早7点工作到晚7点。32\n (11)since:自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续) Sincethattime,myeyeshadneverbeenverygood.从那时起,我的眼睛一直不是很好。 (12)within:不……超过的范围 Hewillarrivewithinanhour.他一小时内就人到。 一、用at,in,on填空 1TheyhaveaPElesson____________Monday. 2Classesbegin_______________8:00. 3Wehavefourlessons_________________themorning. 4IwatchTVplay______________Fridayevening. 5Mysisterplaybasketball_________halfpastfour_______theafternoon. 6Myparentsgetup___________sixthirtyeverymorning. 7Wehavelunch__________noon. 8Hisbrothergetslotsofpresents__________hisbirthday. 9Flowerscomeout____________spring. 10Sheisafraidofgoingout___________night. 二、填空 1.Theplaybeginsat6:40pm.Sowehavetobeatthetheatre________6:30pmatthelatest. A.after B.around C.until D.by 2.Itmustbe_____threehourssinceIstartedworking. Aover Bpast Cmore Dby 3.Iamso tired____threehours'working. Abefore Bafter Cfrom Dfor 4.It'shalf____two. Aat Bbefore Cin Dpast 5.Iknowthetime.It'sten___four.(3:50) Apast Bafter Cto Dby小升初语法总结二十三——介词(表地点) 表示地点(at、in、on、under、over、above、below、near、by、between、among、around、around、infrontof、behind、in、into、outof、along、across、,through、to、for、from)32\n (1)at:在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所) atschool上学 athome在家 at320xinfudistrict在新抚区320号 atthestation在火车站 (2)in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所) shewillarriveinshanghaiatten.10点她将到达上海。 (3)表示地点方向的on,under,over,above,below ①on:在……上面,有接触面 onthetable在桌子上面 ②above:在……上方 sometimesjulianacouldhearplanesabovethetrees. 有时朱莉安娜能听到树林上空的飞机声。 ③over:在……正上方,是under的反义词 overthesetombs,theybuiltpyramids.在这些坟墓上,他们建起了金字塔。 ④under:在……下面,在……之内 thetwinsistersputthebasketunderthetree.这姐俩把篮子放到了树下。 ⑤below:在……下方,(不一定是正下方) threethousandmetresbelowher,shecouldseenothingexceptthethickjungle. 3000米以下,除了茂密的丛林之外,她什么也看不见。 (4)near,by ①near:近的,不远的(=notfar)是的反义词,near还可以指时间,inthenearfuture在不远的将来。 green’slakewasasmalllakenearhishome.格林湖是他家附近的一个小湖。 ②by:在……旁边,比的距离要近 julianawalkedbythesideoftheriverforsixmorelongdays. 朱莉安娜沿着河岸又走了足足6天。 (5)between,among,around ①between:在两者之间 thedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharenotverygreat.美国英语和英国英语之间的差别不是很大。 ②among:在三者或者更多的之中 therearesomeAmericanstudentsamongus.在我们中间有几个美国学校。 ③around:环绕,在…..的周围,在……的四周 theyarrivedatavalleywithhighmountainsallaroundit. 他们到达了四周有高山环绕的山谷 (6)infrontof,behind ①infrontof32\n:在……的前面 thereisacarinfrontofthehouse.房子前面有一辆小汽车。 ②behind:在…..后边 arethereanycowsbehindthehouse?房子后面有一些牛吗? (7)in,into,outof ①in:在…..之内,用于表示静止的位置 therearefourgirlsintheroom.房间里有4个女孩。 ②into:进入,用于表示有特定终点的运动方向,通常用于表示动作的动作之后。如:come,go,walk,jump,run.. shetookmefromthehallintomyclassroom.她把我从门厅带进我的教室里边去。 (8)along,across,through ①along:沿着 goalongzhongshanroadandturnrightatthesecondcrossing. 沿着中山路走然后在第二个十这路口向右拐。 ②across:横过(平面物体) veryslowly,thecontinentsaremovingacrossthefaceoftheworld. 各个洲在地球表面缓缓漂移。 ③through:贯通,通过 thestudentswalkedthroughthegatewithunclewang. 学生们随着王叔叔通过大门。 (9)to,for,from ①到达……地点(目的地)或方向 where’sjack?hehasgonetolondon.杰克上哪了?他去伦敦了。 ②for:表示目的,为了…… doyouknowwhathecomesherefor?你知道他为什么来这儿吗? ③from:从……地点起 howfarisitfromlondontonewyork? 从伦敦到纽约有多远? ()1Theyaregettingready____fly____England____theirholiday. A.for;to;toB.to;to;forC.for;for;toD.to;to;to ()2Whatdidyouhave___breakfast? A.atB.asC.forD.about ()3Theywereinvitedtoanimportantball____thefirsttime____theirlives. A.for;inB.at;inC.on;forD.in;with ()4Tomalwayscomeslate____school. A.at.B.insideC.toD.for32\n ()5MrSmithcaughthold___Bobandsaid,"Thisisagoodlesson___you. A.of;forB.for;ofC.of;ofD.for;for ()6Theshop___clothesistherightside___thestreet. A.of;at;besideB.for;on;atC.for;on;ofD.of;in;of ()7Hismotheroftenhelpshim___Englishsohedoesbetter___Englishthanothers.; A.with;inB.on;inC.in;withD.with;at 十二.祈使句和感叹句 一.祈使句 祈使句的作用是要求、请求或命令、劝告、建议别人做或不做一件事。祈使句的句末一般用感叹号,但是有些祈使句的语气较弱,可以用句号结尾。 1)Let's开头的祁使句如:Let'ssayitinEnglish. 2)动词原形开头的祁使句.如:Listentotheteacher. 3)ShallI开头的祁使句.如:ShallIcarrytheparcelforyou? 4)Willyou开头的祁使句.如:Willyoucomehereearly? 5)以Please开头的祁使句如:Pleasetakeamessageforhim. 6)带呼语的祈使句,如:Mary,comedownhere!(对mary讲话,而不带呼语的且以动词原形开头的祈使句则对第二人称讲话) 7)不让对方做某事,英语用"Don't".例如: Don'tspeakloud.不要大声讲话. Don'twriteinthatway.不要那样写. 口诀:祈使句无主语,主语you常省去,动词原形当谓语,句首加don’t变否定。 祈使句后的反意疑问句:肯定祈使句的反意疑问句通常用willyou或won’tyou,否定祈使句的反意疑问句只用willyou。 Passmeabook,willyou? Haveanothercupoftea,won’tyou?32\n Don’twatchtoomuchTV,willyou? Let’sgoshopping,shallwe? Letusgonow,willyou? 二.感叹句: 用what和how引导,what修饰的是名词,how修饰的是副词或形容词。 结构:What+a/an+形+可数名词单数+(主语+谓语)! What+形+可数名词复数/不可数名词+(主语+谓语)! How+形/副+(主语+谓语)! 做题技巧:从右往左看,先划掉感叹号前的主语和谓语,剩下的是名词就用what,剩下的是形容词或者副词就用how。当然名词还需辨别可数不可数来确定是否有冠词a/an。 (一)用whatorhow填空 (1)_____afinedayitis! (2)______usefulworkwehavedone! (3)______carefulmymotheris! (4)_______deliciousbreaditis!十三.few,little,afew,alittle(a)few+可数名词,(a)little+不可数名词 afew/alittle为肯定含义,还有一点 few/little 为否定含义,没有多少了。 Hehasafewfriends. 他有几个朋友。 Hehasfewfriends. 他几乎没有朋友。 Westillhavealittletime.我们还有点时间。 Thereislittletimeleft.几乎没剩下什么时间了。 典型例题: Althoughhe'swealthy,hespends___onclothes. A.little B.few C.alittle D.afew 答案:A.spend所指的是钱,不可数,只能用little或alittle.本句为although引导的让步状语从句,由句意知后句为否定含义,因此应用little表示几乎不。十四.many,muchMany,much都意为"许多",many+可数名词,much+不可数名词。 Howmanypeoplearethereatthemeeting? Howmuchtimehasweleft?32\n Manyoftheworkerswereatthemeeting. Muchofthetimewasspentonlearning.十五。both,either,neither,all,any,none这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be动词之后,行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。1) both(两者都),either(两者中任何一个),neither(两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。Neitherofthetwoboysisclever. 两个男孩都不聪明。 2)both,either both与复数连用,either与单数连用。 Boththeboysareclever. 两个男孩都很聪明。 Eitherofthetwoboysisclever.两个男孩都很聪明。 Thereareflowersonbothsidesofthestreet.(两岸) Thereareflowersoneithersideofthestreet.(岸的两边)路边长满了野花。3)all(所有的,全部的人或物),any(任何一个),none(都不)。以上词使用范围为三者以上。 Alltheflowersaregone. 所有的花都谢了。 Idon'tlikeanyoftheflowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。 Ilikenoneoftheflowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。 注意:all与none用法一样。跟单数名词,用单数动词;跟复数名词,用复数动词。 Allofthestudentsarethere.所有的学生都在那。 All(of)themilkisthere. 所有的牛奶都在那。小学英语毕业总复习一1. a,an的选择:元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a.2. am,is,are的选择:单数用is,复数用are.I用am,you用are.3. have,has的选择:表示某人有某物。单数用has,复数用have.I,you用have.4. thereis,thereare的选择:表示某地有某物,某人。单数用thereis,复数用thereare.5. some,any的选择:肯定句用some,疑问句和否定句用any.6. 疑问词的选择:what(什么) who(谁) where(哪里) whose(谁的) why(为什么) when(什么时候) which(哪一个) howold(多大) howmany(多少) howmuch(多少钱)7、肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如I’mastudent. Sheisadoctor. Heworksinahospital. Therearefourfansinourclassroom.32\nI’mgoingtobuyacomicbooktonight.Hewilleatlunchat12:00.I’mreadingabook. Theyareswimming.IwatchedTVyesterdayevening.8、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I’mnotastudent. Sheisnot(isn’t)adoctor. Hedoesnot(doesn’t)workinahospital.Therearenotfourfansinourclassroom.I’mnotgoingtobuyacomicbooktonight.Hewillnot(won’t)eatlunchat12:00.I’mnotreadingabook. Theyarenot(aren’t)swimming.Ididnot(didn’t)watchTVyesterdayevening.☆注意☆小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词“not”。有动词be的句子则“not”加在be后面,可缩写成“isn’t,aren’t”,但amnot一般都分开写。没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上“not”,你也可以把它们缩写在一起如“don’t,doesn’t,didn’t)。这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did”。9、一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。如:Areyouastudent?Yes,Iam/No,I’mnot. Issheadoctor?Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t. Doesheworkinahospital?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t. Aretherefourfansinourclassroom?Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t.Areyougoingtobuyacomicbooktonight? Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.(Yes,weare./No,wearen’t.)Willheeatlunchat12:00?Yes,Iwill./No,Iwillnot(won’t).Areyoureadingabook? Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.32\nAretheyswimming?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.DidyouwatchTVyesterdayevening?Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.☆注意☆小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,①把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did”。一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。10、特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what,where,who,which,when,whose,why,how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes、no”来回答。如:Whatisthis?It’sacomputer.Whatdoeshedo?He’sadoctor.Whereareyougoing?I’mgoingtoBeijing.Whoplayedfootballwithyouyesterdayafternoon?Mike.Whichseasondoyoulikebest? Summer.Whendoyouusuallygetup?Iusuallygetupat6:30.Whoseskirtisthis?It’sAmy’s.Whydoyoulikespringbest?BecauseIcanplanttrees.Howareyou?I’mfine./I’mhappy.HowdidyougotoXinjiang? IwenttoXinjiangbytrain.☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如:howmany(多少(数量)), howmuch(多少(钱)),howtall(多高),howlong(多长), howbig(多大), howheavy(多重)例句:Howmanypencilsdoyouhave?Ihavethreepencils.Howmanygirlscanyousee?Icanseefourgirls.32\nHowmanydesksarethereinyourclassroom?Thereare51.☆小结:howmany用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,Howmany+名词复数+doyouhave? 你有多少……?Howmany+名词复数+canyousee? 你能看见多少……?Howmany+名词复数+arethere…? 有多少……?11.完全、缩略形式I’m=Iam he’s=heis she’s=sheis they’re=theyare you’re=youare there’s=thereis they’re=theyare can’t=cannot don’t=donot doesn’t=doesnot isn’t=isnot aren’t=arenot let’s=letus won’t=willnot I’ll=Iwill wasn’t=wasnot 总结:通常情况下,'m即am,'s即is(但let’s=letus),'re即are ,n't即not (但can’t=cannot)六年级英语总复习-词语归类一、写出完全形式。1.who'swhois 2.she's sheis 3.he's heis 4.what's whatis 5.where’swhereis6.we're weare 7.you're youare 8.that's thatis 9.I'm Iam 10.isn't isnot 11.aren't arenot 12.they're theyare 13.don't donot 14.let's letus 15.can’t cannot 16.it's itis 17.I’veIhave18.I’dIwould19.hasn’thasnot二、写出下列单词的复数形式。1.bus buses 2.box boxes 3.glass glasses 4.class classes 5.watch watches6.mango mangoes 7.fireflyfireflies8.sheep sheep 32\n9.people people 10.man men 11.woman women 12.apple apples 13.familyfamilies 14.library libraries 15.baby babies 16.boy boys 17.toy toys 18.child children 19.foot feet 20.strawberry strawberries 21.horse horse22.policemanpolicemen 23.dressdresses24.fish fish 来源:(http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5d6171740100fcst.html)-六年级英语总复习-词语归类 (一)_嘉琪帅哥_新浪博客25.toothteeth26.countrycountries27.footfeet28.dragonflydragonflies29.meus30.buildingbuildings31.clothclothes32.thisthese33.thatthose34.circlecircles35.storystories三、反义词或对应词。1.same different 2.new old 3.oldyoung4.short long 5.big small 6.tall short 7.yes no 8.open close 9.hot cold 10.here there 11.sit stand 12.up down 13.thin fat 14.father mother 15.right wrong 16.black white 17.this that 18.these those 19.boy girl 20.grandfather grandmother 21.man woman 22.husband wife 23.aunt uncle 24.brother sister 25.he she 26.left right 27.gocome28.nursedoctor29.goodbad30.minusplus31.hisher32.busyfree33.handfoot34.legsarms四、近义词。1. desktable2.likelove3.oftenusually4.startbegin5.greatgood五、同音词。1.to too 、 two 2.right write 3.no know 4.for four 5.hear here 6.I eye 7.see(C) sea 8.son sun 32\n9.be(B) bee 10.there their 11.U you 12.Y why 13.bybuy、bye14.pairpear15.Rare16.whosewho’s17.auntaren’t六、现在分词。1.swim(现在分词)swimming 2.come(现在分词)coming3.dance(-ing形式) dancing 4.ski(-ing形式) skiing 5.sit(-ing形式) sitting 6.fly(-ing形式) flying7.stay(-ing形式) staying 8.travel(-ing形式) travelling9.cry(-ing形式) crying 10.play(-ing形式) playing 11.listen(-ing形式) listening 12.collect(-ing形式) collecting13.make(-ing形式) making 14.take(-ing形式) taking 15.write(-ing形式) writing 16.read(-ing形式) reading17.clean(-ing形式) cleaning 18.sing(-ing形式) singing19.sweep(-ing形式) sweeping 20.run(-ing形式) running 七、综合。1.study(第三人称单数) studies 2.students(名词所有格)students’来源:(http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5d6171740100fcsu.html)-六年级英语总复习-词语归类(二)_嘉琪帅哥_新浪3.sister(名词所有格)sister’s 4.two(序数词) second5.have(第三人称单数)has 6.cat(名词所有格) cat’s7.Tom(名词所有格)Tom’s 8.teacher(动词) teach 9.cry(第三人称单数)cries 10.Nancy(名词所有格) Nancy’s11.can(否定式) can’t 12.good(比较级)better13.catch(第三人称单数)catches 14.wash(第三人称单数)washes15.quickly(形容词) quick 16.visit(名词) visitor 17.China(形容词) Chinese 18.French(名词) France 9.quiet(副词) quietly 20.one(序数词) first 21.cook(第三人称单数) cooks 22.do(第三人称单数) does32\n23.beautifully(形容词) beautiful 24.many(比较级) more 25.Australian(名词)Australia 26.brush(第三人称单数) brushes 27.work(名词)worker八、人称代词。1.I(宾格)me 2.you(宾格) you 3.he(宾格)him 4.she(宾格) her5.I(复数) we 6.you(复数) you 7.he/she/it (复数) they8.we(宾格)us 9.you(宾格) you 10.they(宾格) them 11.I(形容词性物主代词)my 12.you(形容词性物主代词) your13.he(形容词性物主代词) his 14.she(形容词性物主代词)her 15.they(形容词性物主代词)their 16.I(名词性物主代词) mine17. you(名词性物主代词) yours 18.he(名词性物主代词) his 19.she(名词性物主代词) hers 20.we(名词性物主代词) ours 21.you(名词性物主代词) yours 22.they(名词性物主代词) theirs小学英语语法测试题一、写出下列单词的复数形式。(5%)1. book___________2. mango___________3. sheep___________4.radio_______5. peach___________6. knife___________7. children__________8. man______9. Walkman_________10tooth_________二、写出下列数词的基数词或序数词。(5%)1.one___________2two___________3. three___________4.five__________5. nine___________6. twenty_________7. eighty-eight______8. twenty-first______9. tenth__________10. ninety-sixth____三、写下列单词的宾格或主格。(3%)1. I___________2. she___________3. we___________4. us___________5. him___________6. them___________四、写出下列单词的形容词物主代词喝名词性物主代词。(7%)32\n1. I_____________2. you____________3. he_____________4. she__________5. it____________6. we___________7. they___________五、写出下列单词的比较级和最高级。(8%)1. tall____________2. fast____________3. brave____________4. late____________5. big____________6. fat____________7. heavy____________8. early____________9.far____________10. bad/ill____________11. much/many_________12 good/well__________13. careful_____________14. beautifully_________六、翻译下列词组。(16%)1. 下午三点一刻____________2. 第四节课________________3. 在第二十层楼____________4. 三个星期前______________5. 35个学生________________6. 第一天____________7. 她的手表__________________8. 我们的学校_______________9. 你的新自行车____________10. 我最喜欢的食物____________11. 他的明信片_______________12. 一封电子邮件_____________13. 一位老人_________________14. 一块英国手表_____________15. 一个小时________________16. 一百_____________________七.用a或an填空。(5%)1. _____“U”2._____“F”3. _____“K”4. ____goalkeeper5. _____teapot6._____apple7. ____ice-cream8. _____umbrella9. ____postoffice10. _____airport八选择适当的人称代词填空。(8%)1._____(He/I)ismyfather.2._____(She/They)areTom’sgrandparents.3._____(We/I)amJim’snewfriend.4.Lookatthatwhitedog._____(They/It)ismybrother’s.5.Whereare_____(you/hefrom?6.Doyoulikecollectingstamps?Yes,_____(you/we)do.7._____(He/I)amastudentatHeyangPrimarySchool.8._____(You/They)aremybrother’sEnglishteacher.九、用人称代词的主格和宾格填空。(8%)1.Don’tpassitto_______(他).2._____(她)iswatchingarunningrace.3.Wouldyouliketogowith_____(我们).4.Doyouwanttojoin_____(我).5.Tomorrowismyfather’sbirthday.Thispresentisfor______.32\n6.TheballisSuHai’s.Pleasegive_____to_____.7.WhatareTom’ssistersdoing?_____areseeingaBeijingoperashow.十、填入适当的物主代词。(10%)1. _____(他的)coatisblack,but_____(她的)isred.2. Whosewalletisthis?It’s_____(我的).3. Whosewalletisthat?It’s_____(我的)wallet.4. Arethese_____(你们的)skateboards?Yes,they’re_____(我们的).5. I’manewstudent._____nameisHelen.6. Nancyismycousin._____eyesarebig.7. Look,thisishisnewbook._____(我的)isasnewashis.8. WhatdopeopleusuallydoattheSpringFestival.Theyvisit_____relativesandfriends.十一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。(12%)1. Icanswimas_____(fast)asthefish.2. Lookathishands.Hisareas_____(small)asmine.3. Lucyisnotas_____(tall)astheotherchildren.4. DoesJimrunas_____(slow)asDavid?5. I’mas_____(fat)asyou,butI’m________(heavy)thanyou.6. Youhavesevenbooks,butMikeis_____(thin)thanme.7. Ijump__________(far)thananyotherchildreninmyclass.8. InSummer,thedaysare_____(long)andthenightsare_____(short).ButwhenAutumncomes,thedaysget_________(short)andnightsget________(long.)十二、选择。(13%)()1.Who’staller,_______?A.LiuTao’sorGaoShan’sB.LiuTaoorGaoShanC.GaoShan’sorLiuTaoD.GaoShanorLiuTao’s()2..____fatter,LiuTaoorGaoShan?A.whoseB.who’sC.WhoseD.Who’s()3.Whosedogisbigger,_____?A.LiuTao’sorGaoShan’sB.LiuTaoorGaoShanC.GaoShan’sorLiuTaoD.GaoShanorLiuTao’s()4.Thisis_____weekofthisterm.A.nineB.theninethC.ninthD.theninth()5.Aretheretwo_____onthetable?A.boxB.boxesC.boxesD.boxse()6.Here’ssome_____foryou.A.grapesB.hamburgerC.glassesofmilkD.milk()7._____sunisbiggerthan_____moon.A./,/B.A,aC.the,theD.The,the()8.Weallhad_____nicetimelastFridayevening._____.A./B.aC.anD.the()9.Whois_____girlbehind_____tree?32\nA.a,aB.the,theC.a,theD.the,a()10.Lookat_____oldman.A.aB.anC.theD./()11.Thereis_____mapoftheworldon_____wall._____mapismine.A.a,a,AB.a,the,TheC.the,the,TheD.the,the,A()12.There’remany_____onthefarm.A.milkB.treeC.riceD.sheep()13.Arethereany_____inthebuilding.A.fruitB.pianoesC.radiosD.childs蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇薆肀肆膃虿袃羂芃螁肈芁节蒁袁膇芁蚃肆膂芀螅罿肈艿袈螂莇芈薇羈芃芇虿螀腿芇螂羆肅莆蒁蝿羁莅薄羄芀莄螆螇芆莃袈肂膂莂薈袅肈莁蚀肁羄莁螃袄节蒀蒂聿膈葿薅袂肄蒈蚇肇羀蒇衿袀荿蒆蕿螃芅蒅蚁羈膁蒅螄螁肇蒄蒃羇羃薃薅螀芁薂蚈羅膇薁螀螈肃薀薀羃聿蕿蚂袆莈蕿螄肂芄薈袇袄膀薇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