小升初专题-介词 10页

..-第八讲介词一、概述介词一般置于名词之前，它常和名词或名词性词语构成介词短语。同一个介词常和不同的词语搭配形成固定搭配，表示不同意义。根据介词本身的意义，可将介词分为时间介词、方位介词、动向介词、方式介词、原因介词等〔见下表〕。词类例词时间介词at,in,on,before,after,from方位介词on,in,at,behind,over,above,under,below动向介词to,into,up,down,through,along,outof方式介词by,on,with原因介词for,from,of,with二、常用介词的根本用法at1）表示具体的时间点：Igotoschoolatseveneveryday我每天早上7点去上学。2）表示一段较短的时间：atnight在夜晚atChristmas在圣诞节3〕表示在某一具体地点：Heisstandingatthebusstop他站在公共汽车站。4〕表示动作的方向、目标：Letmehavealookatthepicture让我看看这幅图。5〕表示人的年龄：attheageofsix在六岁6〕用于某些固定搭配：atonce立刻、马上atlast最后atthesametime同时atfirst开场时notatall一点也不about-.word.zl-\n..-1〕表示大约时间：It’saboutsixo’clocknow.现在大约6点钟了。2〕表示地点；在……周围：Sheissomewhereabouttheoffice.她在办公室附近。3〕关于，对于：Wearetalkingaboutthenews.我们正在谈论新闻。after1〕在……之后：AfterdinnerIwatchTV.晚饭后我看电视。2〕在……后面：Hecameintotheroomafterme.他在我后面进了房间。3〕after+某个时间，表示从过去某个时间起过多长时间，多用于过去时，如：SheleftonSundayandreturnedafterthreedays.behind1〕在……之后：Thereisabikebehindthetree.树后有一辆自行车2〕比……晚，迟于：Thetrainisbehindtime.火车晚点了by1〕在……旁：Heissittingbythebed.他正坐在床边。2〕到……时候：WehavelearnedthreeEnglishsongsbynow.到现在为止，我们已经学会了三首英文歌曲。3〕by+交通工具，以……方式：Igotoschoolbybus.我乘公共汽车去上学。4〕用于某些固定搭配：onebyone一个接一个bytheway顺便说一句for1〕为，给，替：I’llmakeacardformyteacher.我要给教师做X卡片。2〕由于：Thankyouforhelpingme.谢谢你帮我。3〕表示给〔某人〕用的：Thereisaletterforyou.这儿有你一封信。in1〕在……里面：Thepencilisinthedesk.铅笔在课桌里。-.word.zl-\n..-2〕在一段时间里，常与上午、下午、晚上等词连用：Wehavefourclassesinthemorning.我们上午有四节课。3〕用，以：What’sthisinEnglish?这用英语怎么说？4〕在某一年份，季节，月份：in2002inspringinJanuary5〕in+颜色，表示状态，服饰：Helenisinyellow.海伦身穿黄色衣服。6〕在……方面：HeisweakinEnglish.他的英语不行。7〕用于某些固定搭配：infrontof在……前面intheend最后intime及时like1〕像……样：Helookslikehisfather.他像他的父亲。2〕这样，那样：Don’tlookatmelikethat.别那样看着我。3〕怎样：What’stheweatherlike?天气怎样。near靠近，在……附近：Mybedisnearthewindow.我的床在窗户旁。of1〕的〔表示所属关系〕：Thisisaphotoofmyfamily.这是一X我全家人的照片。2〕……的〔用于所有格〕：Heisafriendofmine.他是我的一个朋友。3〕表示数量〔与连词连用〕：OneofusisfromBeijing.我们中有一个来自4〕想到，谈到：Ioftenthinkofthem.我常常想到他们。5〕用于某些固定搭配：ofcourse当然becauseof因为，由于on1〕在……上面：Therearesomeappleonthetree.树上有些苹果。2〕具体的某一天，在〔星期〕天，在某天的上午〔下午，晚上〕：TheygotoEnglishclassonSunday.星期天他们去上英语课。-.word.zl-\n..-IleftBeijingonthemorningofMay1.我在5月1日早上离开。3〕用于某些固定搭配：onduty值日ontime准时over1〕在……正上方,两个物体外表没有接触：Thereisalampoverthetable.桌子上方有一盏灯。2〕普及，穿过：Thereisabridgeovertheriver.有座桥横跨那条河。3〕超过，不止：Sheisalittleover2.她两岁多了。below1)在...下边，不一定表示正下方：Theclimbersstopped300metresbelowthetopofthemountain.登山运发动在离山顶300米处停了下来。to1〕到，往，向：Hewalkstothewindow.他走向窗户。2〕表示时间、数量，到……为止Pleasecountfromtentothirty.请从10数到30.3〕向，对，给：HappyNewYeartoyouall.大家新年好。under表示一物在另一物垂直的正下方：What’sunderyourdesk?你书桌底下是什么？with1〕和，写：Couldyougohomewithme?你能和我一起回家吗？2〕表示伴随状态，带有：Who’sthatgirlwithglasses?那位戴眼睛的女孩是谁？三、to、in、on在表示位置时的区别：〔1〕inin表示事物在某一区域范围内，如：ChinaisacountryinAsia.中国是亚洲的一个国家。-.word.zl-\n..-(2)toto表示事物在某一区域范围之外的某一位置，如：Thetownliestothesouthofthevillage.那个城镇位于村庄的南面。(3)onon表示事物与另一区域范围属于相接邻的关系，如：WeliveinahouseontheThames.我们住在泰晤士河畔的一座房子里。四、介词的固定搭配atarriveat/in到达inonatfirst起初；开场inall总体onduty值日athome在家；无拘束inclass在课堂上onholiday度假atpresent现在inEnglish用英语ontime准时atwork上班，在工作inshort总之ontheleft/right在左/右边atthesametime同时inahurry匆忙地ontheradio在播送中atthemoment此刻intheend最后onfoot步行Begoodat擅长intime及时地ontheway在路上练习题一．用介词填空-.word.zl-..-1.Heisgood________swimming.2.Tomgets________atseveneverymorning.-.word.zl-\n..-3.________Sundaymorning,heplayedfootballwithhisfriends.4.What’swrong________you?Thereissomethingwrong________myback.5.Heoftenhelpsme________myEnglish.6.It’stime________breakfast.7.Canyousingasong________English?8.Helooks________hisfather.9.Pleaselisten________mecarefully.10.It’stoocold.Don’ttake________yourcoat.-.word.zl-..-二．介词填空-.word.zl-..-1.Tonyis________Canada.2.Whatisthename________thefactory?3.BettyisEnglish.What________you？4.Who’sthewoman________blackdress？5.Wheredoyoue________?6.Shelooks________herfather.7.Dothestudentsstay________home________Saturday？8.Mymothercutthecake________aknife.9.Themeetingended________6p.m.10.We’llplayfootball________class.-.word.zl-..-三．选词填空1．Peterisstanding_____LucyandJack.A.inB.atC.aboveD.between2．Mum,canIgoshopping____you?A.nearB.atC.withD.on3．Ididn’tgototheparkwithmyclassmates,becausemymotheraskedmeto_______mylittlesisterathome.A.lookafterB.lookatC.lookforD.looklike4．Lilyis___dutytoday.-.word.zl-\n..-A.inB.onC.atD.to5.Letmeshowyoutheplace____themap.A.withB.onC.inD.for6.Myfatherusuallyesbackfromwork_______6：30_______theevening.A.in;onB.in;atC.on;inD.at;in7.---Whenwereyouborn?---Iwasborn____August25,1983.A.onB.inC.atD.to8.Shelikestravelling_____air.A.onB.inC.atD.by9.Manypeoplework___thedayandsleep___night.A.on;atB.in;inC.in;at10.—Therearemanyapples___thetree.—Abird___thetreeispickinganapple.A.in;onB.on;inC.in;at四、英汉互译。-.word.zl-..-1.lookafter_________________2.listento__________________3.playwith_________________4.onthefarm_________________5.theboyinwhite________________6.在河的附近_____________________7.在树的后面_______________________8.在桥底下________________________9.乘火车_______________________10.在墙上_______________________-.word.zl-..-五、下面每个句子都有一处错误，画出来并改正。-.word.zl-\n..-1.Therearetwopicturesinthewall.____________2.CanyouwriteitonChinese?_________________3.Weliveattheearth._______________________4.Sheusuallygoestoworkonbus._____________5.Bobisoneinmyfriends.__________________-.word.zl-..-六、阅读理解Brainisaschoolboy.He’stwelve.HelivesinShanghainow.HeisfromEngland.Hestudiesinajuniormiddleschool.Hegetsupathalfpastfiveeveryday.Hehasbreakfastatsevenafterthat,hegoestoschoolwithhisfriends.Theyhavefourclassesinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.Intheeveninghedoeshishomeworkathome,butheoftenwatchesTVonSaturdayevening.Brainlikesdrawing.Hejoinsanartclub.Helikesreadingstorybooks.NowheisreadinganEnglishbookinhisroom.1．Brainisa____________.A.student             B.girl                    C.teacher2．Braingetsup____________everyday.A.atseven            B.early              C.atsix3．Braindoeshishomework____________.A.everyevening             B.atschool               C.athome4．Brainlikes____________.A.EnglishandChinese       B.playingfootball         C.drawingandreading5．Brainhas____________classesatschooleveryday.A.four                 B.six                  C.five习题答案一、1.at2.up3.on4.with,with5.With-.word.zl-\n..-6.for7.in8.like9.to10.off二、1.from2.of3.about4.in5.from6.like7.at,on8.with9.at10.After三、1.D2.C3.A4.B5.B6.D7.A8.D9.C10.B四、1.照顾2.听3.和…..玩4.在农场5.穿白衣服的男孩儿6.neartheriver7.behindthetrees8.underthebridge9.bytrain10.onthewall五、1.in-on2.on-in3.at-on4.on-by5.in-of六、1.A2.B3.C4.C5.B-.word.zl-\n..--.word.zl-