小升初冠词专题 5页

冠词的用法一）冠词的定义:??冠词是置于名词之前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。?二)??冠词的分类:??冠词分为不定冠词"a，an"、定冠词"the"和零冠词三种，零冠词指的是不用冠词的情况。?1、不定冠词的用法：?不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指?不定冠词有"a和an"两种形式。"a"用在以辅音开头的词前，"an"用在以元音开头的词前。判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头，是根据读音而不是根据字母。?1）用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示"一"??There?is?a?tiger?in?the?zoo.?????动物园里有一只老虎。?2）表示一类人和东西?A?tiger?can?be?dangerous.?????老虎可能有危害性。?3）用在作表语的单数可数名词前，表示身份、职业?My?mother?is?a?teacher.??????我妈妈是教师。?4)用于时间、速度、价格等意义的名词复数之前，表示“每一”onceamonth,fivekilometersanhour,twoyuanakilo5)首次提到的人或物。Thereisabookonthedesk.6)用于某些固定词组中afew/little/bit,alotof,haveagoodtime,haveacold,inahurry,makeaface,halfanhour,inaword,forawhile(暂时，一会儿)2、定冠词的用法：?1）用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物?This?is?the?house?where?Luxun?once?lived.???这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。2）用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物?Open?the?door,?please.?????请把门打开。?3）?用以复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次?提到用“the”）?Once?there?lived?a?lion?in?the?forest.?Every?day?the?lion?asked?small??animals?to?look?for?food?for?him.??从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物。?4）用在序数词和形容词最高级前?January?is?the?first?month?of?the?year.????一月份是一年当中的第一个月。?Shanghai?is?the?biggest?city?in?China.????上海是中国最大的城市。?5）表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物?the?sun?太阳????????the?moon?月?????the?earth?地球???????the?sky?天空????????the?world?世界?6）指由普通名词构成的专有名词?the?West?Lake?西湖????????the?Great?Wall?长城?the?United?States?美国??????????the?United?Nations?联合国?7）?表示方向、方位?\nin?the?east?在东方??????????in?the?west?在西方?in?the?front?在前面?????????at?the?back?在后面?in?the?bottom?在底部????????at?the?top?在顶部?on?the?right?在右边??????????on?the?left?在左边?8）在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前?the?Pacific?Ocean?太平洋?????????the?Huanghe?River?黄河?the?Tainshan?Mountains?天山山脉????the?Taiwan?Straits?台湾海峡9）在姓氏复数前，表示一家人?The?Bakers?came?to?see?me?yesterday.??贝克一家人昨天来看我。?10）和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物?the?poor?穷人????????????the?rich?富人?the?sick?病人???????the?wounded?伤员?the?good?好人??????the?beautiful?美丽的事物?11）用在表示阶级、政党的名词前?the?working?class???工人阶级?the?Chinese?Communist?Party??中国共产党?12)?在the?more,?the?more比较级的句式中?The?more?you?drink,?the?more?you?like?it.??你越喝就越爱喝。?13）表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加the??play?the?piano?弹钢琴?play?the?violin?拉小提琴?14）?某些固定的表达法?in?the?morning?在早上???????in?the?afternoon?在下午?in?the?evening?在晚上go?to?the?theatre?去看戏???go?to?the?cinema?去看电影?????????all?the?year?round?一年到头?on?the?way?to?前往...去的路上??intheend最后atthesametime同时allthetime一直3、零冠词的用法?1）?专有名词前一般不加冠词?China?中国????????????Europe?欧洲?water水ClassTwo二班Lei?Feng雷锋??????????William?Shakespeare?威廉·莎士比亚?2）月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词?January?一月份????????Sunday?星期日?Christmas?Day?圣诞节????Thanksgiving?感恩节?National?Day?国庆节???????????May?Day?劳动节?3）三餐、四季前一般不加冠词?I?have?lunch?at?school.???我在学校吃午餐。?Summer?is?the?best?season?for?swimming.??夏天是游泳的好季节。?4）进行球类运动?play?basketball?打篮球??????????????play?volleyball?打排球?play?football?踢足球?5）复数名词表示一类人或物时Theyareteachers.他们是老师。Tigerslikemeat.老虎喜欢吃肉。6）可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词（my，your，his，her等）、指示代词（this/these,that/those,）、不定代词（some、any等）及所有格限制时。mybook，somebooksthisbookthosebooks7）在称呼语或头衔的名词前。Tom汤姆，Mum妈妈\n8）在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。MiddleSchool5）?固定词组?A、与by连用的交通工具名称前：bybus；bycar；bybike;bytrain;byair/plane;bysea/ship.by?boat?但takeabus,inaboat,onthebike前面需用冠词。B、名词词组dayandnight日日夜夜brotherandsister兄弟姐妹hourafterhour时时刻刻hereandthere到处C、介词词组athomeinsurprise惊奇地atnoononfootatnightondutyatworkontime准时intime及时forexampleinclassonshowinbedat?table?在用餐?in?town?在城里区分：in?hospital?住院?inthe?hospital?住在医院里面at?school?求学?????????in?theschool?在学校里面D、go的短语go?to?school?去上学???????????go?to?bed?上床睡觉?gotoworkgoshopping/swimming/boating/fishing英语冠词专项练习?1.?—Does?Jim?have?_______?ruler？??????—Yes，he?has?_______?.???A.?an；some????B.?a；one????C.?a；／?????D.?any；one??2.?There?is?_______??old?bike.??_______?old?bike?is?Mr.?Zhao’s.???A.?an?；The????B.?the；An???C.?a；The????D.?the；The??3.?_______?apple?a?day?keeps?the?doctors?away.???????A.?The???????B.?A??????C.?An??????D.?Two?4.?—How?many?books?do?you?have？??????—I?have?_______??book.?That’s?_______??English?book.???A.?a；an?????B.?a；one???C.?one；an????D.?one；one?5.?At?that?time?Tom?was?_______?one-year-old?baby.???A.?a?????????B.?an????????C.?the???????D.?／??6.?_______?tiger?is?_______?China.???A.?The；a??????B.?A；the?????C.?The；from???D.?The；the??7.?We?can’t?see?_______??sun?at?_______??night.???A.?the；the????B.?the；／????C.?a；／???????D.?／；／?8.??_______?useful?book?it?is！??A.?What?an????????B.?How?a??????C.?What?a?????D.?What??9.?One?afternoon?he?found?_______?handbag.?There?was?_______?“s”on?the?corner?of_______??handbag.???A.?a；an；the?????B.?a；a；the????C.?an；an；an????D.?the；a；a?10.??_______?old?lady?with?white?hair?spoke?_______??English?well?at?_______?meeting.???A.?An；an；a????B.?The；／；an??C.?The；／；a????D.?The；／；the??11.??_______?Great?Wall?is?_______??longest?wall?in?the?world.???A.?A；a??????B.?The；the?????C.?A；the??????D.?The；a??12.??_______?new?bridge?has?been?built?over?Huangpu?River.???\nA.?The；a????B.?A；／???????C.?A；the??????D.?An；the??13.??_______?woman?over?there?is?_______??popular?teacher?in?our?school.???????A.?A；an?????B.?The；a??????C.?The；the????D.?A；the??14.?He?used?to?be?_______??teacher?but?later?he?turned?_______??writer.???A.?a；a??????B.?a；the???????C.?／；a???????D.?a；／??15.?They?made?him?_______??king.???????A.?a?????????B.?the???????C.?an????????D.?／??16.?His?father?is?_______??English?teacher.?He?works?in?our?school.???A.?a?????????B.?an????????C.?the???????D.?／??17.?Is?he?_______??American?boy?？??A.?an????????B.?a??????????C.?one???????D.?／??18.?Does?Tom?often?play?_______?football?after?_______??school？A.?／；／????B.?／；the????C.?the；／?????D.?a；／19.?They?passed?our?school?_______??day?before?yesterday.???A.?an????????B.?one?????????C.?a??????????D.?the??20.?Australia?is?_______??English-speaking?country.???????A.?a?????????B.?an??????????C.?the????????D.?／??21.?She?has?_______??orange?skirt.??_______?skirt?is?nice.??????A.?a；The????B.?an；The?????C.?an；A?????D.?the；The??22.?This?is?_______??apple.?It’s?_______??big?apple.??A.?an；a?????B.?a；the??????C.?a；an??????D.?an；the??23.?Look?at?_______??horse?over?there.???A.?a?????????B.?an??????????C.?the????????D.?／??24.?Don’t?play?_______??basketball?here.?It’s?dangerous.???????A.?a?????????B.?an??????????C.?／?????????D.?the??25.?There?is?_______??old?woman?in?the?car.???????A.?／????????B.?the?????????C.?a??????????D.?an??26.?Beijing?is?_______??beautiful?city.?It’s?_______??capital?of?China.???A.?a；a??????B.?the；the????C.?／；the????D.?a；the?27.?Shanghai?is?in?_______??east?of?China.??????A.?／????????B.?an?????????C.?a??????????D.?the??28.?I’ve?been?a?student?there?for?nearly?two?and?_______?half?years.??A.?a?????????B.?an?????????C.?the????????D.?／??29.?The?museum?is?quite?far.?It?will?take?you?half?_______??hour?to?get?there?by?_______?bus.???A.?an；／????B.?an；a??????C.?a；／??????D.?／；／?【试题答案】??1.?B.第一空是泛指；第二空的one是不定代词，用以替代前面的ruler.??2.?A??3.?C.这是一句谚语，意思是“一天吃一个苹果，用不着看医生.”?4.?强调数量，用以回答“How?many…？”问句；第二个空是泛指，故用an.??5.?虽以元音字母开头，但以辅音音素［w］开头，故填a.??6.?C.此句意为：“这只老虎来自中国.”??7.?B.在“太阳、月亮、地球”的前面一般都加定冠词the；at?night“在夜晚”，注意该短语中没有冠词.??8.?C??\n9.?A.“s”虽为辅音字母，但却以元音音素［e］开头，故填an.??10.?D.第一个空填the，是特指那个“白发老太太”；第二个空不填冠词，是因为在语言名称前面一般不加冠词.English后面如有language，就得说the?English?language.“在会议上”应为at?the?meeting.??11.??Great?Wall长城.??12.?C.第一个空是泛指，用a；第二个空是河流名称，故用the.??13.?B.第一个空：“那边的那个妇女”，是特指；第二个空是指那个妇女的身份、职业，是泛指.??14.?D.第一个空是泛指；第二个空用“零冠词”是因为turn后面的名词前一般都不加冠词.??15.?D.表示某人的职位时可用“零冠词”.??16.?B?17.?A??18.??school放学以后.??19.??day?before?yesterday前天.??20.?B?21.?B.第一空泛指，第二空特指.??22.?A.两个空都是泛指.??23.?C??24.?C??25.?D??26.?D??27.??the?east?of在某地区（内）的东部.??28.??and?a?half?years也可说成two?years?and?a?half，意思都是“两年半”.?29.??an?hour半小时，by?bus乘公共汽车.?