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第八讲介词一、概述介词一般置于名词之前,它常和名词或名词性词语构成介词短语。同一个介词常和不同的词语搭配形成固定搭配,表示不同意义。根据介词本身的意义,可将介词分为时间介词、方位介词、动向介词、方式介词、原因介词等(见下表)。词类例词时间介词at,in,on,before,after,from方位介词on,in,at,behind,over,above,under,below动向介词to,into,up,down,through,along,outof方式介词by,on,with原因介词for,from,of,with二、常用介词的基本用法at1)表示具体的时间点:Igotoschoolatseveneveryday我每天早上7点去上学。2)表示一段较短的时间:atnight在夜晚atChristmas在圣诞节3)表示在某一具体地点:Heisstandingatthebusstop他站在公共汽车站。4)表示动作的方向、目标:Letmehavealookatthepicture让我看看这幅图。5)表示人的年龄:attheageofsix在六岁6)用于某些固定搭配:atonce立刻、马上atlast最后atthesametime同时atfirst开始时notatall一点也不about1)表示大约时间:It’saboutsixo’clocknow.现在大约6点钟了。2)表示地点;在……周围:Sheissomewhereabouttheoffice.她在办公室附近。3)关于,对于:Wearetalkingaboutthenews.我们正在谈论新闻。after1)在……之后:AfterdinnerIwatchTV.晚饭后我看电视。2)在……后面:Hecameintotheroomafterme.他在我后面进了房间。3)after+某个时间,表示从过去某个时间起过多长时间,多用于过去时,如:SheleftonSundayandreturnedafterthreedays.behind1)在……之后:Thereisabikebehindthetree.树后有一辆自行车\n2)比……晚,迟于:Thetrainisbehindtime.火车晚点了by1)在……旁:Heissittingbythebed.他正坐在床边。2)到……时候:WehavelearnedthreeEnglishsongsbynow.到现在为止,我们已经学会了三首英文歌曲。3)by+交通工具,以……方式:Igotoschoolbybus.我乘公共汽车去上学。4)用于某些固定搭配:onebyone一个接一个bytheway顺便说一句for1)为,给,替:I’llmakeacardformyteacher.我要给老师做张卡片。2)由于:Thankyouforhelpingme.谢谢你帮我。3)表示给(某人)用的:Thereisaletterforyou.这儿有你一封信。in1)在……里面:Thepencilisinthedesk.铅笔在课桌里。2)在一段时间里,常与上午、下午、晚上等词连用:Wehavefourclassesinthemorning.我们上午有四节课。3)用,以:What’sthisinEnglish?这用英语怎么说?4)在某一年份,季节,月份:in2002inspringinJanuary5)in+颜色,表示状态,服饰:Helenisinyellow.海伦身穿黄色衣服。6)在……方面:HeisweakinEnglish.他的英语不行。7)用于某些固定搭配:infrontof在……前面intheend最后intime及时like1)像……样:Helookslikehisfather.他像他的父亲。2)这样,那样:Don’tlookatmelikethat.别那样看着我。3)怎样:What’stheweatherlike?天气怎样。near靠近,在……附近:Mybedisnearthewindow.我的床在窗户旁。of1)的(表示所属关系):Thisisaphotoofmyfamily.这是一张我全家人的照片。2)……的(用于所有格):Heisafriendofmine.他是我的一个朋友。3)表示数量(与连词连用):OneofusisfromBeijing.我们中有一个来自北京4)想到,谈到:Ioftenthinkofthem.我常常想到他们。\n5)用于某些固定搭配:ofcourse当然becauseof因为,由于on1)在……上面:Therearesomeappleonthetree.树上有些苹果。2)具体的某一天,在(星期)天,在某天的上午(下午,晚上):TheygotoEnglishclassonSunday.星期天他们去上英语课。IleftBeijingonthemorningofMay1.我在5月1日早上离开北京。3)用于某些固定搭配:onduty值日ontime准时over1)在……正上方,两个物体表面没有接触:Thereisalampoverthetable.桌子上方有一盏灯。2)遍及,穿过:Thereisabridgeovertheriver.有座桥横跨那条河。3)超过,不止:Sheisalittleover2.她两岁多了。below1)在...下边,不一定表示正下方:Theclimbersstopped300metresbelowthetopofthemountain.登山运动员在离山顶300米处停了下来。to1)到,往,向:Hewalkstothewindow.他走向窗户。2)表示时间、数量,到……为止Pleasecountfromtentothirty.请从10数到30.3)向,对,给:HappyNewYeartoyouall.大家新年好。under表示一物在另一物垂直的正下方:What’sunderyourdesk?你书桌底下是什么?with1)和,写:Couldyougohomewithme?你能和我一起回家吗?2)表示伴随状态,带有:Who’sthatgirlwithglasses?那位戴眼睛的女孩是谁?三、to、in、on在表示位置时的区别:(1)inin表示事物在某一区域范围内,如:ChinaisacountryinAsia.中国是亚洲的一个国家。(2)toto表示事物在某一区域范围之外的某一位置,如:Thetownliestothesouthofthevillage.那个城镇位于村庄的南面。\n(2)onon表示事物与另一区域范围属于相接邻的关系,如:WeliveinahouseontheThames.我们住在泰晤士河畔的一座房子里。四、介词的固定搭配atarriveat/in到达inonatfirst起初;开始inall总体onduty值日athome在家;无拘束inclass在课堂上onholiday度假atpresent现在inEnglish用英语ontime准时atwork上班,在工作inshort总之ontheleft/right在左/右边atthesametime同时inahurry匆忙地ontheradio在广播中atthemoment此刻intheend最后onfoot步行Begoodat擅长intime及时地ontheway在路上\n练习题一.用介词填空1.Heisgood________swimming.2.Tomgets________atseveneverymorning.3.________Sundaymorning,heplayedfootballwithhisfriends.4.What’swrong________you?Thereissomethingwrong________myback. 5.Heoftenhelpsme________myEnglish. 6.It’stime________breakfast. 7.Canyousingasong________English? 8.Helooks________hisfather. 9.Pleaselisten________mecarefully. 10.It’stoocold.Don’ttake________yourcoat. 二.介词填空1.Tonyis________Canada.2.Whatisthename________thefactory?3.BettyisEnglish.What________you?4.Who’sthewoman________blackdress?5.Wheredoyoucome________?6.Shelooks________herfather.7.Dothestudentsstay________home________Saturday?8.Mymothercutthecake________aknife.9.Themeetingended________6p.m.10.We’llplayfootball________class.三.选词填空1.Peterisstanding_____LucyandJack.A.inB.atC.aboveD.between2.Mum,canIgoshopping____you?A.nearB.atC.withD.on3.Ididn’tgototheparkwithmyclassmates,becausemymotheraskedmeto_______mylittlesisterathome.A.lookafterB.lookatC.lookforD.looklike4.Lilyis___dutytoday.A.inB.onC.atD.to5.Letmeshowyoutheplace____themap.A.withB.onC.inD.for\n6.Myfatherusuallycomesbackfromwork_______6:30_______theevening.A.in;onB.in;atC.on;inD.at;in7.---Whenwereyouborn?---Iwasborn____August25,1983.A.onB.inC.atD.to8.Shelikestravelling_____air.A.onB.inC.atD.by9.Manypeoplework___thedayandsleep___night.A.on;atB.in;inC.in;at10.—Therearemanyapples___thetree.—Abird___thetreeispickinganapple.A.in;onB.on;inC.in;at四、英汉互译。1.lookafter_________________2.listento__________________3.playwith_________________4.onthefarm_________________5.theboyinwhite________________6.在河的附近_____________________7.在树的后面_______________________8.在桥底下________________________9.乘火车_______________________10.在墙上_______________________五、下面每个句子都有一处错误,画出来并改正。1.Therearetwopicturesinthewall.____________2.CanyouwriteitonChinese?_________________3.Weliveattheearth._______________________4.Sheusuallygoestoworkonbus._____________5.Bobisoneinmyfriends.__________________六、阅读理解Brainisaschoolboy.He’stwelve.HelivesinShanghainow.HeisfromEngland.Hestudiesinajuniormiddleschool.Hegetsupathalfpastfiveeveryday.Hehasbreakfastatsevenafterthat,hegoestoschoolwithhisfriends.Theyhavefourclassesinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.Intheeveninghedoeshishomeworkathome,butheoftenwatchesTVonSaturdayevening.Brainlikesdrawing.Hejoinsanartclub.Helikesreadingstorybooks.NowheisreadinganEnglishbookinhisroom.1.Brainisa____________.A.student B.girl C.teacher2.Braingetsup____________everyday.\nA.atseven B.early C.atsix1.Braindoeshishomework____________.A.everyevening B.atschool C.athome2.Brainlikes____________.A.EnglishandChinese B.playingfootball C.drawingandreading3.Brainhas____________classesatschooleveryday.A.four B.six C.five\n习题答案一、1.at2.up3.on4.with,with5.With6.for7.in8.like9.to10.off二、1.from2.of3.about4.in5.from6.like7.at,on8.with9.at10.After三、1.D2.C3.A4.B5.B6.D7.A8.D9.C10.B四、1.照顾2.听3.和…..玩4.在农场5.穿白衣服的男孩儿6.neartheriver7.behindthetrees8.underthebridge9.bytrain10.onthewall五、1.in-on2.on-in3.at-on4.on-by5.in-of六、1.A2.B3.C4.C5.B\n