词类专项(小升初) 10页

一.教学内容：词类专项练习二.重点、难点：名词、代词、冠词、形容词、副词、数词、介词用法【典型例题】【名词】[例1]（1）—Howfarisyourschoolfromhere?—Notveryfar.It’sabouttwenty______walk.A.minute’sB.minutes’C.minutesD.minute（2）Itisabout______fromtheschooltomyhome.A.tenminuteswalkB.tenminutes’walkC.tenminutes’swalkD.tenminute’swalk分析：上述两题考查名词所有格的构成及用法。由句意可知空格处所填内容是表示距离的名词，选项中的名词minute和walk存在所有关系，因此必须用名词的所有格。名词所有格的’s也可以加在一个短语之后，若该短语最后一个名词的词尾是-s，则只加“’”。如：anhour’sride,twoweeks’time。因而（1）、（2）小题答案均为B。[例2]Haveyouseen______atthefootofthehill?A.anysheepB.somesheepsC.anysheepsD.somesheep分析：此题考查名词复数的特殊例子。sheep的单复数同形；any一般用在疑问句和否定句里，some用在肯定句里。答案：A[例3]—Whoisthemaninthebluecar?—Heis______father.A.Kate’sandMary’sB.KateandMary’sC.KateandMaryD.ofKateandMary分析：本题考查名词所有格的构成及方法。两个并列的所有格，只给第二个名词加“’s”。答案：B[例4]（哈尔滨市，2003）—WhereisTom？—He’slefta______sayingthathehassomethingimportanttodo.A.excuseB.messageC.exerciseD.news分析：此题考查名词的用法，由a知道选项A、C、D不行，故选B。解后反思anexcuse（一个借口），anexercise（一个练习）……，news（新闻）是不可数名词。[例5]（天津市，2003）Hehadsomethingtowritedownandaskedmefor______.A.apaperB.somepapersC.somepiecesofpapersD.apieceofpaper分析：此题考查不可数名词的用法。paper“纸”讲时是不可数名词，故A、B、C可排除。答案：选D10\n解后反思paper当“试卷”、“文件”讲时是可数名词。类似的词还有：fish，chicken等。【代词】[例1]用所给词的适当形式填空。1）Thisisn’t_______(I)book,itmustbe_______(you).2）Isthereanymilkinthebottle?Yes,thereis______(little).分析：第1小题第一空要用形容词性物主代词my，用于修饰名词book，第二空则要用名词性物主代词yours，相当于yourbook。第2小题应用alittle表示肯定：“有一点儿”。[例2]Therearemanytreeson________oftheroad.A.bothsideB.eachsidesC.bothsidesD.everyside分析：此题主要考查不定代词both,each和every的用法。both为“两者（都）”，作定语时，其后接复数名词；作主语时，要用复数谓语动词。either为“两者中间的任何一个（的）”，作定语时，后接单数可数名词；作主语时，要用单数谓语动词。every意为“每个（的）”，作定语，只用于三者或三者以上。又因马路road（river，street等）只有两侧，所以正确答案只能是C。[例3]1)“Help______tosomemooncakes”,HanMeimeisaidtothetwins.A.youB.oneselfC.yourselfD.yourselves2)—Putonyourclotheswhenyougoout.—Thankyou.Mum.Icanlookafter______.A.meB.IC.ourselvesD.myself分析：这是一组考查反身代词用法的试题。反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语和同位语，不能单独使用、不能替代主格代词，但可用在主格代词后以加强语气。还常用于某些短语中，如：byoneself独自，enjoyoneself玩得愉快，teachoneself自学，helponeselfto…随便吃（用）……等。因此以上二题答案均为D。[例4]（广东省，2003）Thereis______withmycomputer.Itdoesn’twork.A.nothingwrongB.anythingwrongC.wrongsomethingD.somethingwrong分析：本题考查形容词与不定代词的位置关系，形容词修饰不定代词应放在不定代词之后，而anything用于否定句和疑问句，由Itdoesn’twork知选D。解后反思考虑词的使用范围并结合语境是解决本题的关键。【冠词】[例1]选择填空1）Giveme_______,please.A.acupteaB.twocupofteaC.twocupD.twocupsoftea2）Theteacherpassedme_____paper.A.apieceB.apieceofC.pieceofD.apairof第1小题主要考查学生对可数名词与不可数名词的掌握情况，tea是不可数名词，不能用数量词直接修饰，但可以用容器表示量，表容器的名词可变为复数形式，即可以说twocupsoftea，此题选D。第2小题答案选B。paper一词是不可数的，要表示“一张纸”，英语应为apieceofpaper，不能说apaper。10\n[例2]_____deliciousfoodyouhavecooked!A.HowaB.HowC.WhataD.What分析：不定冠词表示数量，类似“一”，修饰单数可数名词。不可数名词前不可用a、an修饰。在感叹句“Whata／an+adj．+n．+（主+谓）！”结构中，名词必是单数可数名词。若是不可数名词应用“What+adj．+n．+（主+谓）！”结构。句中food是不可数名词，故答案为D。[例3]（1）Wealwayshave______ricefor______lunch.A./;/B.the;/C./;aD.the;the（2）It’shalfpastfourintheafternoon.Thestudentsareplaying_____basketballnow.A./B.anC.aD.the分析：下列情况不用任何冠词：1）专用名词（John、England）、物质名词（food，rice，water）等前；2）一日三餐的名词前；3）在表示球类运动的名词前。因此第（1）小题正确答案应为A；第（2）小题答案为A。[例4]（天津市，2003）—What’sthematterwithyou？—Icaught______badcoldandhadtostayin______bedA.a,/B.a,theC.a,aD.the,the分析：本题考查冠词的用法和习惯表达。躺在床上译为stayinbed，而感冒译为catchcold或catchacold，但cold有形容词修饰时则a不可省略。答案：选A【数词】[例1]1)______booksmustheproducedforthechildren.A.ManythousandsB.ManythousandsofC.ManythousandofD.Manythousand2)We’veplanted______treesinthecentreofourcitythisyear.A.hundredB.twohundredsC.hundredofD.hundredsof分析：本题考查数词的用法。当thousand或hundred做数词时，前面一般加数来修饰，其本身没有数的变化，且其后不跟of。当它们做名词时，其复数形式为thousands和hundreds，且构成thousandsof和hundredsof，后接可数名词的复数形式。答案分别为B、D[例2]About____oftheworkersintheclothesfactoryarewomen.A.thirdfifthsB.thirdfifthC.threefifthsD.threefifth分析：此题主要考查英语的分数表示法。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母的序数词后需加“s”。例如：1/3onethird；2/3：twothirds.通过分析，知A、B、D三项均错，答案为C。[例3]Julyis________monthoftheyear.A.sevenB.theseventhC.eightD.theeighth序数词用来表示数目的顺序，七月份是一年中的第七个月，第七个月的正确表达为theseventhmonth，所以此题的正确答案为B。10\n[例4]（重庆市，2003）Myfavouriteisgettingstamps.Ineed______beforeIhave2500ones.A.moreoneB.anymoreC.onemoreD.morethan分析：此题考查数词与more相结合的用法，数词+more表示还有（要）……，在此正好符合题意。答案：选C解后反思morethan是“多于”之意，anymore用于否定句表示“不再”。【形容词、副词】[例1]Intheexam,the______youare,the______mistakesyou’llmake.A.careful;littleB.morecareful;lessC.morecareful;fewD.morecareful;fewer分析：“the+比较级……，the+比较级……”这个句型结构的意思是“越……就越……”或“愈是……则愈是……”。此结构中的比较级可以是形容词，也可以是副词。答案：D[例2]I’mnotsurewhetherMarycansing________Mabel.A.aswellasB.asgoodasC.sogoodasD.asbetteras分析：此题考查了两个知识点：（1）副词和形容词用法的区别；（2）as…as句式。句中的谓语动词是行为动词，应选副词。B、C项应排除.as…as中间应用副词或形容词原级，所以答案应为A。[例3]Let’shopethethingscanget______.A.betterandbetterB.wellandwellC.goodandgoodD.bestandbest分析：答案为A。两个比较级并列在一起，表示“越来越……”之意，此句主要考查比较级特殊句型“moreandmore”结构，该句式表示持续不断地变化，其动词常是become,be,get,grew等，又如：Springhascome.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.[例4]（甘肃省，2003）Iam______.Iwantapieceofbread.A.fullB.hungryC.tiredD.thirsty分析：此题在语境中考查形容词的用法。由后句意“我要一块面包”说明与“饿”有关，故选B。[例5]（天津市，2003）Inourcity，it’s______inJuly,butitiseven______inAugust.A.hotter,hottestB.hot,hotC.hotter,hotD.hot,hotter分析：此题考查形容词及比较级的用法。前空应填原级，后空有even修饰要用比较级，故选D。解后反思：如下几个形容词的比较级和最高级要双写最后的辅音字母再加-er或-est。big-bigger-biggest，hot-hotter-hottest，fat-fatter-fattest，thin-thinner-thinnest，wet-wetter-wettest。简记为：大（big），热（hot），湿纸（wet），谁肥（fat）瘦（thin）？（利用谐音记）[例6]（山西省太原市，2002）Thelittlegirllikesanimals.10\nWhensheheardIwouldtakehertothezoo,shelookedatme______.A.happyB.happilyC.angryD.angrily分析：由句意知C、D可以排除，又此句中lookat是行为动词而不是连系动词，故选B解后反思形容词和副词都具有修饰作用，但是各自修饰的对象不同，形容词修饰名词，作定语，或在连系动词后作表语。而副词修饰行为动词，形容词或副词作状语。【介词】[例1]用正确的介词填空。1）Thelittlegirlislooking________hermother.2）Thankyou________yourhelp.3）Don’tread________bed.4）Tomcomes________theUSA.第1小题要填for，因为lookfor是一个固定词组，表示寻找的行为。第2小题填for，既可说Thanksfor…也可以说Thankyoufor…，for后接名词。第3小题填in。表示“在床上”inbed，一般不说onbed。第4小题comefrom是一个固定短语，意思相当于befrom，表示“来自……”。[例2]Chinalies_______theeastofAsiaand______theeastofJapan.A.in;onB.to;toC.to;inD.in;to解析：表示方位的介词in,on,to意义各不相同。在范围内的地方用in。China属于Asia范围内，故先用in；不在范围内的地方用to，若两地相连，则要用介词on,China和Japan不属同一范围且有海相隔，故选择to。因此答案为D。【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）［名词］1.Thereareforty______inourschool.A.womenteachersB.teacherwomenC.womanteachersD.womenteacher2.Mr.Liisoneof______inthehospital.A.mostpopulardoctorsB.themostpopulardoctorsC.mostpopulardoctorD.themostpopulardoctor3.ThesignNOPHOTOSmeansthatyoucan’t______.A.takepicturesB.bringinpicturesC.buyanyphotosD.sellanyphotos4.Someoftheboysin______areafraidofmathsexams.A.ClassThreeB.theClassThreeC.ThreeClassD.theThreeClass5.Haveyougotany______forusthistime?A.piecesofmessageB.pieceofmessagesC.piecesofmessagesD.messages6.______,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.A.InafewyearstimeB.AfterafewyearstimeC.Inafewyears’timeD.Afterafewyears’time7.HongKongisanSARwhileMacaoisanother.Sothereare___inChina.A.bothSARB.bothSARSC.twoSARD.twoSARS10\n8.Look!Thereare______starsupthereinthe______.A.thousandsof;skyB.thousandsof;airC.thousandof;skyD.thousandof;air9.Myfatherlivedin______forsometenyears.A.cityBeijingB.theBeijingcityC.BeijingofcityD.thecityofBeijing10.Justfromthe______Iknowit’sLiuMinjun.A.noiseB.voiceC.soundD.sing11.—Wherearetheothertwostudents?—They’rein______.A.teacher’sofficeB.teachers’officeC.theteacherofficeD.theteachers’office12.—Howmany______haveyounextterm?—Letmesee.We’llhaveeightA.lessonB.subjectsC.daysD.class13.Myuncle’sfullnameisDavidEdwardHartpode.Hisfamilynameis______.A.EdwardB.HartpodeC.DavidD.DavidHartpode14.Hewritesmorecarefullythan______inhisclass.A.anystudentB.anyotherstudentC.anyotherstudentsD.allstudents15.Thisnewkind______candohalfthework.A.oftractorB.tractorC.ofatractorD.atractor16.Johnisveryhappytohavea______training.A.twoweeksB.two-monthC.two-weeksD.two-months17.Mybrotherisalwayscareless.Healwaysmakes____A.mistakesB.mistakeC.mistookD.somemistake18.Mr.Greenisnearly______.A.twometreshighB.twometrestallC.hightwometresD.talltwometres19.Mr.Smithisan______.A.EnglishB.EnglishmanC.EnglishmanD.Englishmen20.Agroupof______aretalkingwithtwo______.A.Frenchmen;GermansB.Frenchmen;GermenC.German;FrenchmenDGermans;Frenchmans［代词］1.______thetwinsenjoyed______atthepartyyesterday.A.Both;themB.Both;themselvesC.Neither;themD.All;themselves2.—Whichdoyouprefer,abottleoforangeoracupoftea?—______,thanks.I’dlikejustacupofwater.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None3.—Wouldyoulike______milkinyourtea?—Yes,just______.A.any;littleB.some;alittleC.much;afewD.alittle;some4.Thereis______todothisevening.A.muchnothingB.manynothingC.nothingmuchD.nothingmany5.Thetwofriendsweresopleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyforget__A.anythingelseB.somethingelseC.nothingelseD.everythingelse10\n6.—Isthisyourshoe?—Yes,itis.Butwhereis______?A.theothersB.anotherC.otheroneD.theotherone7.WhatIwanttosayis______Englishisaveryusefullanguage.A.itB.thisC.thatD.those8.TheyhaveanEnglishlesson______day,Monday,WednesdayandFriday.A.eachotherB.everyotherC.someothersD.anothermore9.Wefound______veryimportanttolearnaforeignlanguagewell.A.thisB.thatC.itD.it’s10.—______isLilylike?—Oh,she’stallandthin.A.HowB.WhoC.WhichD.What11.—Wouldyoulikemilkororange?—_______.Ipreferwater.A.EachB.NeitherC.EitherD.Both12.—Oh,thereissomeoneintheroom.—______mustbemymother.A.ThereB.SheC.ThisD.It13.BettyandJohnhavecomeback,but____studentsintheclassaren’thereyet.A.theotherB.othersC.anotherD.theothers14.______ofushasreadthestory.A.SomeB.BothC.AllD.None15.—Whichofherparentsisadoctor?—________.A.AnyB.EitherC.BothD.All16.Ihaveboughtanewwatchbecausemyold______doesn’twork.A.itB.oneC.thatD.this17.—Isthisdictionary_______or_______?—It’smine.A.your;hersB.yours;herC.your;herD.yours;hers18.Thereis______waterinmyglass.Willyoupleasegiveme______.A.little;someB.few;anyC.few;someD.little;any19.—______pencil-boxisthis,Patrick?—It’s______A.Whose;mineB.Who’s;mineC.Whose;myD.Who’s;my20.—Thepenis_______.Shewrote_______namewithit_______.A.hers;her;herselfB.her;hers;herC.her;hers;herselfD.her;herself;hers［冠词］用适当的冠词填空，不需要冠词的空白处填“×”1.Tomorrowis______Teachers’Dayandwe’llmake______cardforourEnglishteacher.2.Thebusisrunningaboutseventymiles_____hour.3.Maryisinterestedin______science.4.Somepeopledon’tliketotalkat______table.5.LastnightIwentto______bedverylate.6.Don’tworry.Westillhave______littletimeleft.7.What______beautifulday!Andwhat______fineweather!8.In_____winteritiscoldin____Beijingandwarmin___Shanghai.9.Johnis______cleverestboyinhisclass.10.Wecan’tlivewithout______wateror______air.10\n11.TomorrowMr.SmithwillleaveParis,______capitalof______France,forWashingtonby______air.12.Wewerehaving______lunchwhentheycamein.13.Thisis______bookyougavemelastweek.14.Whatdidyoudo______lastSaturday?15.March8is______Women’sDay.16.If______weatherisfinetomorrow,wewillgotothepark.17.Ipreferplaying______pianotoplaying______basketball.18.At______ageoffive,hereadalotofbooks.19.TomandLucyareof______sameage.20.______harderwestudy,______morewelearn.［数词］l.Septemberisthe________monthoftheyear.A.eighthB.ninthC.tenthD.eleventh2.ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded________A.onOctoberthefirst,1949B.inOctoberthefirst,1949C.onOctoberone,1949D.onOctoberfirstone,19493.Thereare________daysinayear.A.threehundredsandsixty-fiveB.threehundredsandfifty-sixC.threehundredsofsixty-fiveD.threehundredandsixty-five4.Thereare________daysinFebruary.A.thirtyB.thirty-oneC.twenty-eightD.twenty-six5.Thefilmbeginsat4:15.Therightanswerof“4:15”is_______A.fourfifthB.fifteenfourC.fourfifteenD.aquartertofour6.________isseventyseven.A.fortyandfourB.thirty-sevenandfortyC.fortyorthirty-sevenD.seventyofseven7.Whatrowareyouin?Iamin________.A.RowOneB.RowFirstC.RowoneD.OneRow8.Howmanymonthsarethereinayear?Thereare_______A.elevenB.twelveC.twentyD.twelfth9.Attheageof________,hewasaworker.A.twentyB.thetwentyC.twentiethD.one10.TheChangjiangRiveris________longestriverinChina.A.thefirstB.thesecondC.thethirdD.thefourth［形容词、副词］根据A句完成B句，使两句句意一致。1.A:Theirfootballteamismuchstrongerthantheothertwo.B:Theirfootballteamis____________ofthe_____.2.A:Iprefersciencetoanyothersubject.B:Ilikescience__________anyothersubject.3.A:Janewentshoppingyesterday,andIwentshopping,too.10\nB:Janewentshoppingyesterdayand___________I.4.A:Thisroomisnotbig.Itcan’tholdalotofpeople.B:Thisroomisnotbig___________holdsomanypeople.5.A:Thatmachinedoesn’twork.B:Thereis____________withthatmachine.6.A:Thesnowwasveryheavylastnight.B:It___________lastnight.7.A:Hisunclenolongerworkshere.B:Hisuncle_____workhere______longer.8.A:Thisisthemostimportantthingatthismoment.B:Thisthingis_____importantthananything______atthismoment.9.A:Hewassoangrythathecouldn’tsayaword.B:Hewas______angry_______sayaword.10.A:ZhangTaospeaksEnglishbetterthananyotherstudentinhisclass.B:______speaksEnglishso_____asZhangTao.［介词］用适当的介词填空1.You’dbetternotgo______theforest.It’sdangerous.2.Whichroomareyougoingtolive______?3.Thebuildingis______fire.There’resomepeople____thetopfloor.4.Before1990therewasnoairline______thetwocities.5.It’snotgoodtocomelate______school.6.What’swrong______yourbike?7.Thankyouverymuch______comingtoseeme.8.Icouldn’tfinishit______yourhelp.9.Don’tlaugh______others’mistakes.10.Dothetwinslook______theirfather?11.—Howdoyouusuallycometoschool,everyday?—Sometimes______bike,sometimes______foot.12.It’sverykind______youtohelpme______mymaths.13.Don’tread______thesun.It’sbad______youreyes.14.Theteachertoldusthemoontravels______theearth.15.Youmustlearnthesewords______heart,andanswermyquestion_____English.16.Pleasemeetyouruncle______noon______Saturday.17.Thanks______yourhelp,Ifinishedtheworkbeforedark.18.It’scoldandthetemperatureis______zeroduringthenight.19.Theteacheriswriting______redink______apieceofpaper.20.Thechildrenarewaiting______thegate______theirmother.10\n【试题答案】名词：1.A2.B3.A4.A5.D6.C7.D8.A9.D10.B11.B12.B13.B14.B15.A16.B17.A18.B19.C20.A代词：1.B2.B3.B4.C5.D6.D7.B8.B9.C10.D11.B12.D13.A14.D15.C16.B17.D18.A19.A20.A冠词：1.×;a2.an3.×4.×5.×6.a7.a;×8.×;×;×9.the10.×;×11.the;×;×12.×13.the14.×15.×16.the17.the;×18.the19.the20.The;the数词：1~5BADCC6~10BABAA形容词、副词：1.thestrongest;three2.better;than3.sodid4.enoughto5.somethingwrong6.snowedheavily7.doesn’t;any8.more;else9.too;to10.Nobody;well介词：1.through2.in3.on,on4.between5.to6.with7.for8.without9.at10.like11.by;on12.of;with13.in;for14.around/round15.by;in16.at;on17.for18.below19.in;on20.at;for【励志故事】远山苏格拉底和拉克苏相约，到很远很远的地方去游览一座大山。据说，那里风景如画，人们到了那里，会产生一种飘飘欲仙的感觉。许多年以后，两人相遇了。他们都发现。那座山太遥远太遥远。他们就是走一辈子，也不可能到达那个令人神往的地方。拉克苏颓丧地说：“我用尽精力奔跑过来，结果什么都不能看到，真太叫人伤心了。”苏格拉底掸了掸长袍上的灰尘说：“这一路有许许多多美妙的风景，难道你都没有注意到？”拉克苏一脸的尴尬神色：“我只顾朝着遥远的目标奔跑，哪有心思欣赏沿途的风景啊！”“那就太遗憾了。”苏格拉底说，“当我们追求一个遥远的目标时，切莫忘记，旅途处处有美景10