音标教材适合小升初 11页

48个国际音标元首t=A7rA卡,里儿曰(12)长兀音[i:][?:][?][u:][a:]短兀音[i][?][?][u][AD?][e]双兀音（8）[ai][ei][?I][i?][?][?u][u?][au]辅首清浊成对W#（20）清辅音[p][t][k][f][s][0[T][t/][tr][ts]浊辅音[b][d][g][v][z][e][3][dadr][dz]鼻音（3）[m][n][?]似拼音（：3)[h][r][l]半兀音（2）[j][w]音节开音节和闭音节音素：音的最小单位，英语中有48个音素.音节：由一个元音音标单独构成，或者由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.元音：发音响亮，是乐音，口腔中气流不受阻碍，是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音，口腔中气流受到阻碍，不是音节的重要组成部分，英语中有28个辅音.开音节：1并甫音+元音+辅音+不发音e如:kitecakenamebikemaketakehomeplaneshine2）辅音+元音如：hehigonodobehello闭音节：1并甫音+元音+辅音如：sitbedbadbaghothopletmadmaphead2）元音+辅音如：itisofinonupoutant\np一般发音为：/p/。比如：b一般发音为：/b/。比如：t一般发音为：/t/。比如：d一般发音为：/d/。比如：k一般发音为：/k/。比如：掌握[p][b][t][d][k][g][i][i:][?][?:]的发音及写法piggy,pear,peach,pig,playetc.bike,bad,boy,bedetc.ten,twelve,hat,sweater,T-shirtetc.dog,dance,doll,ducketc.kill,kite,cook,parket一般在词尾ck/k/,比如：duck,sock,black,jacket,chickench/k/,比如：school,Christmas,headachec有两种发音：/k/。比如：cake,can,carrot,clap,clever,cow,card,cat,come,colormusic,picture.或/s/。比如：rice,cite,city.g一般发音为：/g/。比如：grandpa,green,grape,good,egg.[i]发音字母i：fish,big,six,milk,swim,swing,sister,little,give,is,it,Miss,pigpink,rabbit,ring,in,visit,window发音字母a:orange发音字母e:eleven,jacket-y:happy,party,story,family,eighty,hobbyey:monkey[i:]e:me,we,he,she,these,zebra字母组合ee:green,jeep,meet,queen,see,seesaw,three,feet,sheep,need,sweet,knee字母组合ea:icecream,please,teacher,read,peach,meat字母组合ieei:piece,believe,thief,receive\n[?]a:banana,umbrella,animal,away,zebra,abouto:carrot,lion,melon,tomorrowe:open字母组合or:color字母组合er:rooster,ruler,clever,teacher,farmer,hamburger,sweater[?:]字母组合ir:bird,girl,skirt,shirt,thirty,thirteen,third,sir字母组合ur:hamburger,Thursday字母组合or:work,word字母组合ear:earth,early,learn一.掌握[f][v][8][e]H[?[[u][u：]的发音及写法二．f一般发音为：/f/。比如：fine,five,fly,forth,fox,fan,frog,flooretc.ph/f/,比如：phone,photo,physics,elephant,laughgh/f/,比如：enough,coughv一般发音为：/v/。比如：vase,visit,very,seven,eleventw,elve,clever,wave,love,give,five.th/0,比如：thank,three,mouth,birthday,third,math,tooth,teeth/e/比如：they,this,that,then,there,those,father,mother,brother[?]发音字母a：what,watch,wash发音字母o：hot,dog,stop,frog,not,orange,doll,fox,long,on,sock,story,off字母组合or：tomorrow[?：]字母组合al：all,small,tall,ball字母组合or：horse,short,morning,for,forty,SportsDay字母组合oor：door,floor字母组合our：four,your\n字母组合aw：draw,seesaw字母组合our：four,your\n字母组合au:August,Australian字母组合ore:before字母组合oar:board[u]发音字母o:wolf,woman发音字母u:put,full,beautiful字母组合oo:book,good,foot,look,wool,cook[u:]发音字母u:blue,ruler发音字母o:who,whose,shoe字母组合oo:noodles,rooster,zoo,too,school字母组合ou:you掌握[s][z][ts][dz][A][a:]的发音及写法s——般发音为：/s/。比如：say,sing,sister,stop,seesaw,sweetetc.或/z/。比如：visit,nose,present,use,music,pleasec有两种发音：/k/。比如：cake,card,clever,cap.或/s/。比如：face,nice,dance,pencil,rice,city,policeman.z一般发音为：/z/。比如：zebra,zoo,size,zerots[ts]cats,boats,rabbits,carrots,hats,shirts,skirts,kites,robots,SportsDayds[dz]cards,birds,beds,hands,heads,friends,goods,woods[A]发音字母o:brother,color,come,love,monkey,mother,some,son发音字母u:duck,must,number,umbrella,but,jump,run,uncle,us,buslunch字母组合ou:touch,young,enough[a]发音字母a:afternoon,banana,dance,father,grandma,grandpa,class,grass,basket\n字母组合ar:card,star,arm,art,farm,large,park,garden,car,Marchare一．掌握[tr][dr][e][?]的发音及写法二．tr[tr]train,tree,try,trick,true,tripdr[dr]draw,dress,drink,dream,driver,hundred[e]e:egg,red,ten,hen,pen,pencil,let,pet,yes,hello,seven,yellow,bend,clever,leg,melon,next,present,eleven,twelve,friend,when,bella:many字母组合ea:head,ready,sweater[?]a在闭音节中:bag,apple,hat,black,cat,carrot,rabbit,clap,can,hand,and,am,have,ant,family,happy,glad,stamp,animal,hamburger,grandpa,grandma一.掌握[/]0[t/][d][ei][ai]的发音及写法二.sh///,比如：she,fish,ship,shirt,T-shirt,skirt,short,English,sheep,shoe.s///,sures[]:usallych/t//,比如：peach,touch,teacher,chair,lunch,,China,childrentch/t//,比如：catch,match,watch,kitchen.dge/da比如：bridge,knowledge.ge/d/,比如：orange,large,fridge,age,page.j/d/,比如：jeep,jacket,jump,just,subject,juice字母组合ey:they\n[ei]发音字母a:cake,vase,pencil-case,grape,make,name,wave,lake,take,faceplane,baby字母组合ay:lay,play,may,say,day,X-ray,away字母组合ey:they\n字母组合ai:wait,rain,train,E-mail,afraid字母组合ei:eight字母组合ea:great,break[ai]发音字母i:fine,five,hi,kite,lion,icecream,idea,nice,nine,white,bikelike,ride,size,slide发音字母y:bye,my,buy,eye,fly,try,shy字母组合igh:light,right,night,high[h][r][l][?I][i?]的发音及写法h一般发音为：/h/。比如：happy,have,hello,horse,hamburger.wh/h/:whowhosewhole（特殊h不发音：hour,honest）r一般发音为：/r/。比如：rabbit,red,ruler,run,present,rain.wr-/r/:write,wrongl一般发音为：/l/。比如：lion,play,milk,smile,tail,leg.[?I]字母组合oy:boy,toy,oyster字母组合oi:oil,voice[i?]字母组合ea:idea,realy字母组合ear:year,ear,hear,near,clear,tear字母组合ere:here一．掌握[m][n][?][?u][au]的发音及写法二．m一般发音为：/m/。比如：make,mom,music,math,monkey,mouthn一般发音为：/n/。比如：nine,nice,banana,need,enough.kn/n/,比如：knee,know,knife,knock.n在辅音[k][g]之前发[?]：\nng/rf,比如：sing,swing,morning,English,young,bring,kangaroo,long,penguin,ringnk/业比如：uncle,thank,pink,monkey,ring,bank,ink,think[?u]发音字母o:home,go,no,phone,nose,open,old,those字母组合ow:window,yellow,snow,know,follow,tomorrow字母组合oa:boat,coat,soap,goat,road,load[au]字母组合ow:now,cow,down,how,flower字母组合ou:house,mouse,mouth,about,cloudy一.掌握用[w][?][u?]的发音及写法二.y/j/。比如：yellow,year,yes,yoke,NewYork,you,yam,yesterday.在词首w一般发音为：/w/。比如：watch,word,work,wear,we,wool,wife.wh/w/:white,when,where,what,why,which,whale[?]字母组合ere:there,where字母组合ear:wear,pear,bear,tear字母组合air：air，fair,hair,chair,stair字母组合are:care,dare,hare,farewell[u?]字母组合ure:sure字母组合oor:poor字母组合our:tour另：清辅音浊化英语浊化只出现在下列情况下：当/p/、/t/、/k/、/tr/前面的音标是/s/,且所在音节是重读音节则清辅音浊化成/b/、/d/、/g/、/dr/。浊化的一个根本特点是，发音发生改变，而音标的书写方式没有改变，所以在拼读的时候尤其要注意。比如school我们虽然读作/sgu:l/,但音标依然要写成\n/sku:l/。如：star,stop,skirt,SportDay,stamp,story,school,sky,spend,spring,student,study,speak,stick,stamp,strong,stay,streametc.名词复数：1、构成方法及读音规则1)——般情况力口一s：map-mapsboy-boysgirl-girlspen-pensbag-bagscar-cars清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音和元音后读/z/，在/s/,/z/,///,/t//,/d4等音后读/iz/如：faces,oranges,vases,horse,fridge,nurse,offlcR)2)以s,sh,ch,x结尾力口一es,读/iz/bus-buseswatch-watchesbox-boxesdress-dressesaddress-addressesfox-foxes3)以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i再加es,读/z/baby---babieshobby-hobbiescity-citiescountry-countries但以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如：twoMarystheHenrysmonkey---monkeysholiday---holidays4)以。结尾的名词，变复数时：a以两个元音字母结尾(其一必定是o)时，力口szoo-zooskangaroo-kangaroosb.某些夕卜来词potato-potatoestomato-tomatoesc.其余情况，者B力口s5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：a.加s，如：belief---beliefsroof---roofssafe-safesgulf---gulfs;b.去f,fe力口ves,女口：knife---knivesleaf-leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---lives\n2、名词复数的不规则变化1)child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman-women注意：由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women如anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen;policeman-policemen;policewoman-policewomen;snowman-snowmen但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓，其复数是theBowmans2)单复同形，如deer,sheepfish,ChineseJapanese,li,jin,yuan,等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers有些表示生物的名词，其复数形式与单数相同。如：fish-fish,sheep-sheep,deer-deer