小升初英语----代词 16页

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  • 2022-06-24 发布

小升初英语----代词

  • 16页
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代词一.教学内容1.复习上节课的内容,巩固上节课的重难点2.新课讲解一、定义与分类代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。二:人称代词,物主代词,反身代词用法概述这三种代词都有人称(一、二、三人称)的变化、数(单、复数)的变化,以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)的变化。其中,人称代词除了这三种变化外,还有格(主格、宾格)的变化。物主代词又包括两种形式:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。特别注意:形容词性物主代词its没有相应的名词性物主代词。这三种代词的形式变化表如下:人称单复数主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititits无itself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves三、人称代词的用法1)定义:人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数(单数、复数)以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)三方面与被指代的名词一致。如:Iamastudent.Tomisaboy,andheisastudent.Maryisverypretty,andshelikessinging.16\nTheboysarestudents,andtheyareintheroom.Thedoyissmall.ItisTom's.2)人称代词的句法功能A)人称代词有主格和宾语之分:主格用作主语,宾格用作宾语。B)人称代词的主格形式在在句中作主语和表语。如:Ilikemusic(主语).Sheisateacher.(主语)SheandIaregoodfriends(主语).NeithershenorIamstudent.——Isawtheboysthismorning.——Areyousureitwasthey(表语)?Itmighthavebeenshe.C)人称代词的宾格在句子作动词的宾语,或者介词的宾语。如:Isawhimattheparty(宾语).Ihaven'tseenthemrecently.(宾语)Iboughtabookforthem.(作介词宾语)=Iboughtthemabook.(间接宾语)三、物主代词的用法1)定义:物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语,相当于一个形容词,不能单独使用;名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,相当于一个名词词组,可以单独使用,在句中用作主语、宾语、表语、和介词of连用。如:Hereismydog.ItsnameisTom.(形容词性物主代词)Mysisterlostherbicycle.Isthatcoffeeyoursorhers?(名词性物主代词)2)名词性物主代词的句法功能a.作主语如:MayIuseyourpen?Yoursworksbetter.16\nb.作宾语如:Ilovemymotherlandasmuchasyouloveyours.我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。c.作介词宾语Iamwritingwithyourpen,notwithmine.d.作表语如:Mylifeisyours.It'syours.It'syours.我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。3)形容词性物主代词的用法A)形容词性物主代词与形容词一起修饰名词时,其顺序是:形容词性物主代词+形容词+名词。如:mynewbike我的新自行车heryoungson她年幼的儿子B)形容词性物主代词所修饰的名词可以是单数,也可以是复数。如:mypen我的钢笔hisbooks他的书C)形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,它后面必须跟名词,即在名词前作定语。如:这是我的钢笔.[误]Thispenismy.[正]Thisismypen.D)当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用冠词a,an或the来修饰名词。如:那是我的自行车.16\n[误]Thatismyabike./Thatisamybike.[正]Thatismybike.3)当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用指示代词this,that,these或those来修饰名词。如:他们的电脑在这儿。[误]Theirthosecomputersarehere.(或Thosetheircomputersarehere.)[正]Theircomputersarehere.※注意:A)名词性物主代词后不能跟名词,或代词one。它总是单独出现在句中。如:Theumbrellaismine.Helikesmypen.Hedoesn’tlikehers.B)名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词为避免重复使用名词,有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。如:Mybagisyellow,herbagisred,hisbagisblueandyourbagispink.为避免重复使用bag,可写成Mybagisyellow,hersisred,hisisblueandyoursispink.C)名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的--'s属格结构.如:Jack'scap意为ThecapisJack's.Hiscap意为Thecapishis.D)可以说afriendofmine(ours,yours,hers,his,theirs),=oneofmyfriends;但是不能说afriendofme(us,you,her,him,them)。E)有时同一个结构用不用物主代词会导致含义的变化。如:Do’tloseheart.别灰心ShelostherhearttoJim.她爱上了吉姆。指示代词1.指示代词的定义:指示人或物的代词,这些代词可译为“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”16\n指示代词有数的变化,其形式见下表单数复数this这个these那个that这些those那些2.指示代词的用法(1)指示代词后面所接动词不尽相同:this和that后面是单数形式:these和those后面是复数形式This/Thatisadesk.这/那是一张桌子。These/Thosearedesks.这些/那些是桌子。(2)指示代词在意义上有远近的差别:this和these指在空间上较近的事物;that和those指空间上较远的事物Thisismybook.Thatisyourbook.这是我的书。那是你的书。Theseareyourgifts.Thosearemygifts.这些是你的礼物,那些是我的礼物。(3)this和that可以用来代替前面说过的话Ididn’tputmyshoesaway.Thismademymotherangry.我没有把自己的鞋收起来,这令妈妈很生气。MrSmithisawarn-heartedperson.Thatiswhywelikehimverymuch.史密斯先生是个热心肠,这是我们非常喜欢他的原因。疑问代词1.疑问代词在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句,主要用于询问“何人”“何物”“什么”。小学阶段的常用的疑问代词有who,whose,which和what2.疑问代词的用法(1)who只能用于对人的提问,意为“谁”Whoisondutytoday?谁今天值日?Whoknowsthegirlinred?谁认识那个穿红衣服的女孩?(2)whose也用于对人的提问,询问所有关系,意为“谁的”Whosebookisthis?这是谁的书?16\nWhosepencilsarethoseinthepencil-case?文具盒中的那些铅笔是谁的?小提示who和whose都用于对人的提问,但whose询问的是所有关系,相当于一个定语,所以whose后常跟名词,而who则没有此种用法(3)which可用于对人、事、物的提问,意为“哪一个”Whichoneisyourbrother?Whichonedoyoulikebest,anapple,abananaoranorange?Whichwayshallwego?(4)what可用于对事或物的提问,意为“什么"Whatareyoudoing?Whatdayisittoday?不定代词1.不定代词的定义:不具体指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词不定代词复合不定代词不可数可数可数或不可数不可数little不多的alittle少量much许多few很少afew一些many很多both两者都oOther(s)anotherneither两者都不either两者之一each每个all全部no无some一些any任何such如此somebody/someone某人something某事或某物anybody/anyone任何人nobody没有人noone无一人nothing没有东西none没有人或物everything/everyone每件事、每人2.不定代词的用法(1)some,any一些some常用于肯定句,any多用于否定句。疑问句中,两者都可与可数名词单、复数以及不可数名词连用Ihavesomebeautifulpictures.Isthereanywaterinthebottle?16\n(2)many,much许多Many后接可数名词,much后跟不可数名词,much作主语时,谓语动词用单数ManystudentslikeEnglish.Thereismuchjuiceinthebottle.(3)few,afew,little,alittle肯定否定可数Afewfew不可数AlittlelittleIhavefewfriendshere.Ihaveafewfriendshere.Ihavelittlemoneyaboutme.Ihavealittlemoneyaboutme.(4)other,anotherother意为“别的”,常和复数名词以及不可数名词连用,加定冠词时,表示“两者中的另一个”。Another表示三者以上当中的“另一个”,常表示单数概念,与可数名词连用Heoftenhelpsotherstudents.Idon’tlikethisbook.Iwanttheother.Wouldyoulikeanotherhamburger?(5)each,every每个Each强调个体,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Every后接单数名词,作主语时,谓语用单数形式Eachgirlhasaflower.每个女孩子都有一束花。Sheknowseveryteacherintheschool.她认识学校里的每一位老师。(6)both,all都Both是指“两者都”,谓语动词要用复数形式,all表示“三者或三者以上”都,后接复数名词时,谓语动词用复数,后接不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数BothofuslikewatchingTV.Theyareallgoodfriends.(7)either,neitherEither表示“(两者中)任何一个”,neither表示“(两者中)没有一个”16\n,两者意义相反,后面的谓语动词都要用单数形式Eitherofusmaygothere.我们两可去一个。Neitherappleisdelicious.两个苹果都不好吃。代词的专项训练一用适合的代词完成下列表格。人称单复数主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数复数第二人称单数复数第三人称单数复数二单项选择基础达标题1.Heisaboy._____nameisTony.AHeBHisCSheDHer16\n2.---____aretheseshirts?---Theyarehis.AWhoBWhichCWhatDWhose3.Thisis_____clock._____faceisround.AI,ItsBmy,ItsCme,ItDour,It’s4._____aregoodfriends.AI,youandheBYou,IandheCHe,youandIDYou,heandI5.---Isthatabanana?---Yes,_____is.AitBthisCthatDits6.Therearesomeshoesoverthere.Thenew_____areMike’s.AoneBonesCthemD/7.AnnisfromAmerica,______isanAmericangirl.AHeBSheCHerDHim8.Thegirlarewateringtheflowers.____teacherishelpingthem.ATheyBTheirCThemDTheirs9.Lookatthepicture.Theboyinyellowis_____.AIBmeCmyDmine10.Let_____tellyouastoryaboutUFO.AIBmeCmyDmine16\n能力提升1____areallblindpeople.ASheBHeCThemDThey2Hesmellsthefoodwith___nose.AherBhimChisDhimself3Theyareproudof____fortheirgoodsenseoftaste.AhimselfBtheirCthemselvesDherself4Thedogcanrunoutofthefireby_____.AitselfBitCyourselfDthemselves5She____didallthedishes.AherBhimselfCthemselvesDherself6Theoldmanfelldownandhurt____.AhiselfBherselfChimDhe7Didyouenjoy____atthepartylastweekend?AyouBICyourselfDmyself8Help____tothecake,TomandJim!AyourselfByourCyourselvesDyou9_____areinthesameclass.AI,youandheBHe,youandICYou,heandIDYou,andme16\n10---Ican’tfindmypen.Canyoulend______yours?---Sorry,Iamusingit______.AI,myselfBmy,meCme,yourselfDI,myself11Mr.Whitedidn’tteach_____Englishlastterm.OurEnglishteacherisMr.Black.AweBusCourDourselves12---Oh,hi,Ann.---Hi,Mary.Comein.Make_____athome.AyouByourCyourselfDyourselves13---Sheistoobusytohelp_____withthework.---Let’sdoit_______.Aher,herselfBus,ourselvesCit,itselfDyou,yourself14Tom,yourfatheraskedyoutodoit_________.AitselfByourselfChimselfDyourselves15.Heisaboy,_____nameisTony.AHeBHisCSheDHer16.---_____aretheseshirts?---Theyarehis.AWhoBWhichCWhatDWhose17.Thisis_____clock._____faceisround.16\nAI,ItsBmy,ItsCme,ItDour,It’s_____aregoodfriends.AI,youandheBYou,IandheCHe,youandIDYou,heandI18.Lookatthepicture.Theboyinyellowis______.AIBmeCmyDmine三、填入正确的物主代词1.Are these ________(you)pencils?Yes, they are ________(our).2.—Whose is this pencil?—It’s ________(I).3.She is________(I)classmate.4.Miss Li often looks after________(she)brother.5.—Are these ________(they)bags ?6.—No, they aren’t ________(their). They are ________(we).7.I ate all ____ sandwiches yesterday.(I) Can I have one of ____ ?(you)8.George has lost ____(his) pen. Ask Mary if(是否)she will lend him ____ .(she)9.Jack has a dog and so have I. ____ (he)dog and ____(I) had a fight (打架).10.The teacher wants you to return that book of ____ (he)11.Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of _______ are coming to see us.(they)12.We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of _______ .(we)四、填入正确的人称代词和物主代词1.This isn’t________knife. _________ is green.(she)2.These are your books,Kate. Put __________ in the desk,please.(they)3._______ must look after ________ things.(you)4.Wei Fang,is that ________ ruler? Yes,it’s.(you)5.They want a football. Give __________ the green one,please.(they)6.It’s Lin Tao’s bag. Give it to __________.(he)7.Is this pencil-box Li Lei’s? No,___________ is very new.(he)8.This box is too heavy. I can’t carry _________. (it)9.Don’t worry,Let __________(I) help __________.(you)16\n1._____ is a boy _____ name is Mike. Mike’s friends like _____ very much.(he)2.My sister is in _____ room. _____ is a teacher.(she)3.Jane is a little girl. _____ mother is a nurse.(she)4.We are in _____ classroom. _____ classroom is big.(we)5.My father and mother are teachers. _____ are busy(them)6.You are a pupil. Is _____ brother a pupil, too?(you)五、用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Theseare______(he)brothers.2.Thatis_______(she)sister.3.Lilyis_______(Lucy)sister.4.Tom,thisis_____(me)cousin,Mary.5.Now_____________(herparent)areinAmerica.6.Those__________(child)are_____(I)father’sstudents.7.Doyouknow______(it)name?8.MikeandTom__________(be)friends.9.Thanksforhelping________(I).10.______(Ann安)motheris______(we)teacher.11.__________ is my aunt. We often visit __________.(she)12.China is a developing country. _________is in the east of Asia.(its)13.I own a blue bike. The red one isn’t __________.(I)14.These new houses are so nice. __________ are very expensive.(them)15.The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didn’t __________?(them)16.Ling Ling is a girl. ____ studies in a primary school. ______ brother lives with ____  and helps ____ with______lessons.(she)17.Mike is my classmate. ____ is good at English .(his)18.Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to ____ ?(she)19.What’s the weather like today ? ____ is cloudy.(its)20.ThisismybrotherTony.Todayis_________(he)birthday.21.Thatismytoylion._________(it)noseissmall.22.Thisis_________(I)classmate._________(she)nameisGinger.23.Thatis_________(we)Englishteacher.16\n1._________(he)brotherismyclassmate.2.Thisisawolf._________(it)eyesaregreen._________(they)arebig.3.Grandma!_________(you)eyesarebig.4.Whereis_________(you)whiterubber?5.Jimmyis_________(i)gooddeskmate._________(we)arefromBeijing.6.IsMissGreen_________(they)classteacher?7._________(we)artteacherisverysuper.8._________(they)classteacherisMrsGreen.9.Thisis_________(they)Englishteacher._________(he)nameisHob.10.Arethey_________(they)musicteachers?Yes,theyare.11.I’mtired.I’mon_________(I)bed.12._________(she)grandmahasgotancolourbasketball.13.Myrabbitislovely._________(it)earsarelong.14.IsthisJohn’sfootball?No,itisn’t_________(he)football.15._________(we)classroomisdirty.Let’ssweepthefloor.16.Whatdoes_________(he)fatherdo?He’sadriver.17.__________________(you)Chineseteacherisnice.18.Afriendof_____________willcometoseehertomorrow.(she)19.Excuseme,isthisEnglishbook?(you)20.Ihaveadog.__________nameisLucy.(it)21.Thosetabletennisbatsare___________.(she)22.Theseschoolbagsaren’t______(they).Theyare______(we).六、从括号内选择正确的代词填空1.Your football clothes are on the desk. Please put _________(they,them,their,theirs) away.2.(We,Us,Our,Ours)_________ English teacher is Mrs. Green.We all like _________(she,her,hers).3.(I,Me,My,Mine)_________ can’t get my kite.  Could you help _________(I,me,my,mine)?4.Tom can’t get down from the tree.Can you help _________(he,him,his)?16\n1.We can’t find our bikes.Can you help _________(we,us,our,ours)?2.These are _________(he,him,his) planes. The white ones are _________(I,me,mine).七、选择填空()1.Who’s singing over there ?   — ________ is Sandy’s sister.A. That                B. It                   C. She                D. This()2. ________ will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii.      A. She, you and I      B. You, she and I       C. I, you and she       D. Her, me and you()3.My uncle bought a new bike for ________.     A. theirs                  B. they            C. me              D. I()4.---Here’s a postcard for you, Jim!---Oh, ________ is from my friend, Mary.     A. he               B. it                  C. she              D. it’s()5.Issheyouraunt?Yes,__________.A.she’sB.herisC.sheisD.heis()6.Are__________coatsyours?Yes,theyare.A.theyB.theseC.thisD.there()7.Isthat__________uncle?No,itisn’tA.heB.sheC.herD.hers()8.____schoolismuchlargerthan____. A.Their;our B.Their;ours C.Theirs;ours D.Theirs;our()9.____officeismuchsmallerthan____. A.Ours;yoursB.Our;yours C.Theirs;our D.Your;their()10.Thispaintingdoesn’tbelongto_______.It’s_______.A.I,herB.me,herC.me,hersD.I,hers()11.Thisschoolbagis_______._______isoverthere.A.your…mybagB.your…mineC.yours…mineD.yours…my()12.Thisismyfriend,Danny.Todayis_________birthday.16\nA.herB.hisC.ourD.he()13.Isthisyourbat?Yes,it’s_________bat.A.hisB.myC.herD.your()14.Thetigerisstrong._________yellowandbrown.A.ItB.It’sC.ItsD.They()15.Thisis__________.A.apictureoffamilyB.apictureofmyfamilyC.afamily’spictureD.afamilyofmypicture()16.Isthat__________uncle?No,itisn’tA.heB.sheC.herD.hers()17.It'sabird.________nameisPolly. A.Its    B.It'sC.His    D.It()18.KateandMikedo________homeworkintheevening. A.one's   B.hisC.her    D.their八、根据句意用适当的人称代词、物主代词填空:1.    Mary works in a book store. _____   likes ______work very much.2.    John and I are in the same school. ______  go to school together.3.    Everybody likes that sport, do ______?4.    She is a friend of _______ . We got to know each other two years ago.5.    Her sister makes all  ______  own dresses.6.    I have many friends. Some of_______are good at English.7.    May I use ______  bike? ______is broken.16

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