- 123.50 KB
- 2022-06-24 发布
- 1、本文档由用户上传,淘文库整理发布,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,请立即联系网站客服。
- 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
- 网站客服QQ:403074932
小升初英语复习重点具体知识点:第一部分;基础知识abcdcfghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1.字母:26个字母的大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ2.语音:元音的发音第二部分:语法知识五个元音字母:AEIOU-.名词:名词单复数,名词的格(-)名词单复数1.一般情况,直接加・s,如book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以s.x.sh・ch结尾,力n-es,女口:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加・es,女山family-families,strawberry-strawberries4•以o结尾的词,一般加-S,黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿要加es解释:negroesandheroeseattomatoesandpotatoes5•表示民族的名词顺口辛口诀:“中、日、瑞”友好是一致;“英、法”联盟a变e;其他一律加so解释:Chinese,Japanese单复数同形;Englishman,Frenchman的复数为Englishmen,Frenchmen;其他像German,American,Australian等的复数形式是在后面加“s”。6•以f、fe结尾的顺口帀规律:以f(e)结尾的名词变为复数时,改“f(e)”为Ye”再加“s”。口诀:妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。\n解释:wife(妻子),knife(刀子),wolf(狼)thief(小偷),shelf(架子),life(生命)leaf(树叶),self(自己),half(一半)7•巧记不规则名词单变复口诀:大鹅老鼠齐步走男男女女制惜此牙解释:goose-geese;mouse-mice;foot-feet;man-men;woman-women;tooth-teeth;8•单复数形式一致的顺口溜口诀:一个中国人和一个日木人骑着一只羊和鹿去吃水煮鱼。I?#:Chinese,Japanese,deer,sheep,fish不可数名词的复数就是原型:paper,juice,water,milk,rice,tea不可数名词一般没有复数形式,但有量的表达。如aglassofmilktwoglassesofmilk(-)名词的格(1)有生命的东西的名词所有格:a)单数后加’s女口:Lucy'srulermyfather'sshirtb)以s结尾的复数名词后加’如:hisfriends'bagsc)不以s结尾的复数后加’schildren'sshoes•并列名词中,如果把t加在最后一个名词后,表示共有,如:TomandMike'scar汤姆和边克共有的小汽车•要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加MTom'sandMike'scars汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of+名词"来表示所有关系:如:apictureoftheclassroomamapofChina二•冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:(1)不定冠词:a/anaunit/anuncle元音开头的可数名词前用an:anegg/anapple/anorange/aneraser/ananswer/anIDcard/analarmclock/anactor/anactress/ane-mail/anaddress/anevent/anexample/anopera/anhouranoldman/aninterestingbook/anexciting\nsport/anactionmovie/anartlesson/(2)定冠词:thetheeggtheplane1.用法:定冠词的用法:(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物:Therulerisonthedesk.(2)复述上文提到的人或物:Hehasasweater.Thesweaterisnew.(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:Theboysaren'tatschool.(4)在序数词前:John'sbirthdayisFebruarythesecond.(5)用于固定词组中:inthemorning/afternoon/evening不用冠词的情况:(1)专有名词前:Chinaisabigcountry.(2)名词前有定语:this,that,my,your,some,any,no等:Thisismybaseball.(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeyscan'tswim.Theyarcteachers.(4)在节口,日期,月份,季节前:TodayisChristmasDay.It9sSunday.(5)一日三餐前:Wehavebreakfastat6:30.(6)球类棋类运动前:Theyoftenplayfootballafterclass.Heplayschessathome.*但乐器前要用定冠词:Iplaytheguitarverywell.(7)学科名称前:Myfavoritesubjectismusic.(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:ThisisMrLi.(9)固定词组中:atnoonatnightbybus三、代词:人称代词,物主代词主格一般放在句前,宾格,一般放在动词或者介词后面主格宾格形容词性物主代词第一单数I(我)memy(我的)人称复数we(我们)usour(我们的)\n第二单数you(你)youyour(你的)人称复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)第三人称单数he(他)himhis(他的)she(她)herher(她的)it(它)■Itits(它的)复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)名词性物主代词二形容词性物主代词+名词四、形容词,副词:比较级,最高级(一)、形容词的比较级1.形容词比较级在句子屮的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词thano比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。2.形容词加er的规则:(1)一般在词尾加er;⑵以字母e结尾,加r;⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加切;bigfat⑷以“辅咅字母+y"结尾,先把y变i,再加er。Busyeasy3.不规则形容词比较级:well/good-better,many/much-more,fur-farther/further4•多音节i司beautiful-morebeautiful,careful-morecareful(二)副词的比较级1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)(1)be动词+adj⑵于实义动词+adv五数词:基数词,序数词一、基数词\n(1)1-20one,two,three.four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty(2)21-99先说“几十”,再说“几J中间加连字符。\n23—>twenty-three,34^thirty-four,45^fbrty一five,56ffifty-six,67—>sixty-seven,78—>seventy-eight,89—>eighty-nine,91—>ninety-one(3)101—999先说“几百",再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;586—►fivehundredandeighty-six,803—>eighthundredandthree二、序数词(1)一般在基数词后加theg.fbur—>fburth,thirteen—>thirteenth(2)不规则变化one—>first,two—>second,three—>third.five—>fifth,eight—>eighth,nine—>ninth^twelve—twelfth(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加thtwenty^twentieth,fortyffortieth、ninety—>ninetieth(4)从二十一后的“儿十儿”直至“儿百儿十儿,或“儿千儿百儿十儿”只将个位的基数词变为序数i司otwenty-first,twohundredandforty-fifth基数词转为序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律,词尾加上・th.—,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.八去t,九去e,ve要用f替,ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.若是碰到儿十儿,前用基来后用序。六、介词:常用介词:in,on,at,behind等at表示时间的一点;in表示一个时期;on表示特殊日子1.毗表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)2.on1)表示具体H期。注:(1)关于”在周末”的几种表示法:(on)在周末…特指at(on)在周末…泛指在整个周末在周末期间(2)在圣诞节,应说atC2)在(刚……)的时候。\n23—>twenty-three,34^thirty-four,45^fbrty一five,56ffifty-six,67—>sixty-seven,78—>seventy-eight,89—>eighty-nine,91—>ninety-one(3)101—999先说“几百",再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;586—►fivehundredandeighty-six,803—>eighthundredandthree二、序数词(1)一般在基数词后加theg.fbur—>fburth,thirteen—>thirteenth(2)不规则变化one—>first,two—>second,three—>third.five—>fifth,eight—>eighth,nine—>ninth^twelve—twelfth(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加thtwenty^twentieth,fortyffortieth、ninety—>ninetieth(4)从二十一后的“儿十儿”直至“儿百儿十儿,或“儿千儿百儿十儿”只将个位的基数词变为序数i司otwenty-first,twohundredandforty-fifth基数词转为序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律,词尾加上・th.—,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.八去t,九去e,ve要用f替,ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.若是碰到儿十儿,前用基来后用序。六、介词:常用介词:in,on,at,behind等at表示时间的一点;in表示一个时期;on表示特殊日子1.毗表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)2.on1)表示具体H期。注:(1)关于”在周末”的几种表示法:(on)在周末…特指at(on)在周末…泛指在整个周末在周末期间(2)在圣诞节,应说atC2)在(刚……)的时候。\nOnreachingthecityhecalleduphisparents.\n-到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。1.in1)表示”时段”、”时期”,在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。in(during)1988(December,the20thcentury)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)七、动词:动词的四种时态:(1)一般现在时:aIways>usuaIIy棊本结构:>often>sometimes>never1/You/We/They+do(动词原形)He/She/It+does+s(—般直接)e.g.playsvisitsHe/She/It+es(以o,ch,sh,s,x结尾)e.g.Goes:watcheswashes(第三人称单数)以辅音字母+y结尾的去y变i+ese.g.flyflies4不规则变化e.g.havehas(2)一般过去时:1/We/You/They/He/She/It+did(yesterday/thedaybeforeyesterday/threedaysago/onemonthago/lastyear/lastmonth/lastnight/yesterdayevening)动词的过去式的构成规则有:A、规则动词①一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如worked,learned,cleaned,visited②以e结尾的动词直接加d:女口lived,danced,used③以辅咅字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)女flstudy-studiedcarry-carriedworry-worried(注意play>stay不是辅咅字母加y,所以不属于此类)④双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stoppedB、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing一sang,eat一ate,see一saw,have一had,do一did,go一went,take一took,buy一bought,get一got,read一read,fly一flew,am/is一was,are一were,say一said,leave一left,swim一swam,tell一told,draw一drew,come一came,lose\n一lost,find一found,drink一drank,hurt一hurt,feel一felt(3)一般将来时:(tomorrow)基本结构:①begoingto+do;②will+do.begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow(明天)・二Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.现在进行时:(now/look/listen)基本结构:am,is,are+动词(现在分词)动词的ing形式的构成规则:①一般的直接在后面加上ing,女ndoing,going,working,singing,eating②以e结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,$0having,writing③双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running,swimming,sitting,getting第三部分:句法1.陈述句(1)肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,女Fl:Fmastudent.Hewilleatlunchat12:00.(2)否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,①句中有be动词的,直接在be动词后而加not.Sheisnotmysister②句中有情态动词的,直接在情态动词后面加notYoumaynotcomeheretomorrow.③句中谓语动词是实意动词,没有be动词amisare,也没有情态动词canmaymust的,在实意动词前面加dorft或doesn,t,,当主语是第三人称单数吋,加doesn,I.相应的实意动词变为原型。ShedoesnotstudyEnglishatschool(2)略写如:I'mnotastudent.Sheisnot(isrft)adoctor.Hedoesnot(doesn't)workinahospital.Therearenot(arerTt)fourfansinourclassroom.Hewillnot(won't)eatlunchat12:00.Ididnot(didn't)watchTVyesterdayevening.2.疑问句一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yesJ或来回答。•Areyouboys?•Issheanurse?•Doeshelikecows?Yes,wearc(No,wearen"t)Yes,sheis.(No,sheisn"t)\nYes,hedoes.(No,hedoesn"t)\n•Dowedanceafterschool?Yes,wedo.(No,wedon't)•Cansheswim?Yes,shecan.(No,shecannot)特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what,where,who,which,when,whose,why,how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes、no”来回答。•1)what对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问•ThetwinsaremakingakiteWhatarethetwinsdo?•2)对名词前定语提出疑问,疑问词应用which,而且必须和名词连用。•I"mgoingtotaketheshirtontheright.Whichshirtareyougoingtotake?3)对指人名词或代词提问用whoo•LiPingismysister.WhoisLiPing?•4)对物主代词和名词所有格提问用whose,•LiPing'scoat•5)对具体时间提出疑问,•It's10:00Whosecoat疑问词用when;对具体儿点钟提问,疑问词用whattime。Whattimeisit?Igohomeatnight.6)对具体地点提出疑问,Whendoyougohome?疑问词应用whereo•Theboysarehavingapicnicinthepark.Wherearetheboyshavingapicnic?•7)对表原因的从句提问,常见的有because引导的从句,疑问词应用why。•Jomdidn'tgotothefarmwithusbecausehewasill.•WhydidJoingotothefarmwithus?8)对方式或程度等提岀疑问,用疑问词Howo•Helikesapplesverymuch.Howdoeshelikeapples?9)对数量提出疑问,疑问词为Howmany,要注意howmany必须跟名词的复数形式。•Therearetwosheep•Howmanysheeparethere?•10)对价格提出疑问,疑问词用Howmucho•Ipayfiftyyuanforthesweater.Howmuchdoyoupayforthesweater?•11)对吋间长度提岀疑问,疑问词应用Howlongc•Iworkinthatfactoryfortwoyears.Howlongdoyouworkinthatfactory?12)另外,对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问,则分别用What,sthedate?ike?Whatdayisit?What"stheweather1如果是过去时间,就用was代替iso1.Therebe句型\n1、Therebe句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)2、在therebe句型中,主语是单数,be动词用is;主语是复数,be动词用are;如有几件物品,be动词根据最接近be动词的那个名词决定。3>therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,—般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5、some和any在therebe句型中的运用:some用于肯定句,any用于否定句或疑问句。Month:JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecemberWeek:SundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdaypinkwhitebrownpurpleblondgrayfamily:grandfathergrandmotherfathermotherdaughtersonbrothersisterwifehusbandauntunclecousinbody:headhairfaceeyeearmouthtoothnosearmhandlegfootskinbonemusclefingerWeather:rainsnowwindicesunrainysnowywindysunnycloudywarmcoolcoldhotSeason:springsummerautumnwinterColour:blueorangeyellowblackgreen