小升初知识结构 29页

北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组小升初笔试部分知识结构一．语法部分整体结构：（1）时态(及各个时态的否定形式也要相应的教授)（2）句型（3）词类（4）固定搭配，句式及短语二．详细分析小升初所考知识点（1）时态部分：　　　注：时态多在动词适当形式填空，句型转换和单选中考察五种时态的构成模式：29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组如以drink为例：1.我每天都喝牛奶：Idrinkmilkeveryday.2.我现在正在喝牛奶：Iamdrinkingmilknow.3.我明天要喝牛奶：Iwilldrinkmilktomorrow.4.我昨天喝牛奶了：Idrankmilkyesterday.5.我刚刚喝过牛奶了：Ihavejustdrunksomemilk.动作发生时间不同动词的形式就不同注意(一定要把时间放后面)补充：★动词现在分词的构成方法变法例词直接在动词后加“ing”see-seeingcarry-carryinggo-going以不发音音的“e”结尾时，去掉“e”加“ing”leave-leavinglive-livingdance-dancing以重读闭音节结尾，辅元辅字母结尾的动词双写最后一个辅音字母，再加“ing”begin-beginningdig-diggingwin-winningforget-forgettinghit-hittingstop-stopping以ie结尾的动词，将ie改成y加“ing”die-dyinglie-lyingtie-tying29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组（2）句型部分：（常见于句型转换题）1.一般疑问句：+其他2.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋★特殊疑问词：what(什么)how(怎样，如何)　　what　　　how　　　　　　where　(哪里)　　　　　　　why　(为什么)when　(何时，什么时候)　　who　(谁)　　　　　　whom　(谁－作宾语)　　　　　whose　(谁的)　　　　　　which(哪一个)如:⑴Heisastudent.(变一般疑问句)Isheastudent?⑵HecanspeakEnglish.(同上)CanhespeakEnglish?⑶Heoftengoestoschoolbybus.(同上)Doesheoftengotoschoolbybus?注:此处一定要点一下汉语语序与英语语序的区别。29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组如：⑴HeisfromBeijing.(划线部分提问)Whereishefrom?(2)Icanseeabirdinthetree.(同上)Whatcanyouseeinthetree?(此处要注意人称的转换)　　(3)Hegoestoschoolbybuseveryday.(同上)Howdoeshegotoschooleveryday?2.祈使句及其否定形式：祈使句特点：以动词原形开头.如：Openthedoor,please.Closethewindow,please.祈使句的否定形式：Don’t+动词原形＋……如：Don’topenthedoor.Don’tclosethewindow.1.感叹句（考查较少且简单）构成：例题：Whatafinedayitis!(同义句转换)Howfine(aday)itis!2.Therebe句型：（此处注意与have/has的区别）构成：There意为“在某处有……”29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组而have/has的构成为：主语＋have/has+名词……如：1.Thereis(be)abookonthedesk.2.Therewere(be)twopensonthetableyesterday.3.Thereis(be)astudentandtwoteachersintheclassroom.(就近一致原则)另外：注意therebe句型的疑问形式1.反义疑问句：（考查不多，只涉及以下几种情况）特点：①.前肯后否，前否后肯　　　②.一定要用代词，及否定缩写反义疑问句在小升初考试中的几种情况：　⑴.一般情况：如：Hedoesn’tlikeswimming,doeshe?Sheisateacher,isn’tshe?⑵.祈使句的反义疑问句：基本都是――willyou?如：Openthedoor,willyou?⑶.特殊祈使句的反义疑问句：如：let’sgotothepark,shallwe?Letusgotothepark,willyou?（3）词类部分1.　名词考查单复数变化规律和不可数名词29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组★尤其注意：⑴．单复数同形的单词：fish,sheep,deer,Chinese等⑵．复和名词的复数:boystudent——boystudents,nightschool——nightschoolwomandoctor——womendoctors,mansinger——mensingers⑶以“y”结尾的名词,有两种变法:A.词尾为元音+y，直接加sboy——boys，monkey——monkeys，key——keys，way——waysB.词尾为辅音+y，则变y为i再加esbaby——babies，lady——ladies，city——cities，country——countries⑷数词加名词作形容词时，该名词为单数Ihaveatwo-year-oldday.Hewroteathree-thousand-wordcomposition.（作文）Thatisathree-foot-hightable.⑸不可数名词：1.液体名词：water,coffee,tea,milk等　　　　　　　　2.抽象名词：work,happiness等3.物质名词（一般为不可数名词）:air,food，paper,butter,bread，rice等★注：不可数名词的数量表达法如：acupoftea　(一杯茶)　－　twocupsoftea　(两杯茶)　　apieceofpaper　(一张纸)　－　twopiecesofpaper　(两张纸)3.所有格：（考查较多）29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组表示有生命的东西的名词所有格在词尾加“s”。若是复数并以“s”、“es”结尾的名词只加“’”如：thePeople’sRepublicofChina，Women’sDayMary’sfather,thestudents’books,Charles’sbag★上述“’s”所有格也适用下列几类名词：*表示时间、距离、价格、重量的名词的所有格。*世界、国家和城镇的所有格及某习惯表达法。today’snewspaper,fiveminutes’talk，Beijing’sfinestparks,myvillage’sweather表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格一般与of结成短语。★当表示有生命的名词有较长的修饰语或前面有表示数量的概念的词(如:a,two,some,no,few,any等)也用of短语形式。thetopofthehill，thestudentsofourschoolafewfriendsofmine，aphotoofyourbrother’s例题：1.Passmetwo______of______!A.bottles,riceB.bottle,rices　　　Cbowls,riceD.bowl,rices2.______inthefridgearebig.A.AppleB.TheappleC.ApplesD.Theapples29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组2.代词①人称代词（必考内容，一定要掌握）主格　　宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词I我me　　我my　　　我的mine　我的we　我们us我们our　　　我们的ours　　　　我们的you　你you　　你your　　　你的yours　　　　你的you　你们you　　你们your　　　你们的yours　　　　你们的he　　他him　　他his　　　　他的his　　　　　他的she　她her　　她her　　　　她的hers　　　　　她的it　　它it　　　它its　　　　它的its　　　　　　它的they他/它/她们Them他/它/她们their　　他/它/她们的theirs他/它/她们的★主格通常作主语，放在句首★作宾语，放在动词和介词后★通常作定语，与名词连用如：Heismyfriend.★可作很多成分，要单独用29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组②不定代词考查较多的有：1.复合不定代词即：　　　　以上可任意组合，如：nothing(没有什么，没有东西)，anything(任何东西，任何事情)……注：复合不定代词被定语修饰时定语只能放在这些词的后面，其用法如下：※复合不定代词＋形容词＋todosth.e.g.⒈Ihavesomethingtotellyou.⒉Wehavenothingtoeat.2.区分以下几组不定代词（注：some和any既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词）e.g.Ihavegotsomelettersthismonth.Haveyougotanyinterestingbooks?Idonothaveanyink.29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组★★e.g.1.—Canyougivemesomewater?—Thereislittleleftinmybottle2.—Youhavefewbooks,doyou?—Yes,Ihavequiteafew.3.Iamnewhere,Ihavefewfriends.4.Thereislittletimeleft,hurry.　5.Thereis______timeleft.Don’tworry.A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.little※下面这几组词，一般的小升初考试不考，但一些较好的学校会考到：either和neither做定语时名词要用单数e.g.Bothofthecarsarenew.Eitherofthecarsisnew.Neitherofthecarsisnew.NeithercariswhatIwant.Hecouldwritewitheitherhand.Eitheroftheboysisready.29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组e.g.Alltheboysarehere.Noneoftheroomsareclean.---Whenshallwemeetnextweek?---AnydayisOK.③反身代词　　　　注：对反身代词的考察不多，知道意思及写法即可。3.介词考查方向：主要考察几组特殊介词的区分和固定短语中介词的用法。★区分以下几组介词：⑴　e.g.in:in1995,inJuly,insummer……29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组on:onSunday,onacoldmorning,onMondaymorning……at:at8:00o’clock,atChristmas⑵（表地点）通常和动词arrive搭配，构成arrive意为“到达，抵达某地”e.g.HewillarriveinBeijingtomorrow.Heisathomenow.⑶in的特殊用法ine.g.CanyouwritetheletterinEnglish?Thegirlinblueismysister.(穿蓝色衣服的女孩是我妹妹)⑷（表方位）e.g.onthedesk(在桌子上)behindthedoor(在门后)⑸区分e.g.Thereisatreeinfrontoftheclassroom.Theblackboardisinthefrontoftheclassroom.⑹注意以下几组词的意思区分：29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组　　　　　　byonfoot步行例题:(1).Thebed______therightisyours.A.onB.inC.atD.of(2).Igetup_______aboutsevenfifty-five.A.inB.onC.atD.for(3).Who’sthelady______blue?A.inB.onC.atD.with(4).Weusuallystay_____home____Saturdayafternoon.A.at…inB.at…onC.in…atD.on…on(5).Theyarrived________London_______theafternoonofNovember18.A.in,inBin,onC.at,inD.for,on(6).Someonerangyouup_______halfpastnineyesterdaymorning.A.atB.onC.inD.by(7).MrWhitewon’tcomeback_______Friday.A.inB.atC.untilD.on(8).--IsJimpickingapples_______thetree?29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组---Yes,theapples_______thetreearebigandred.A.in,onB.in,inC.on,onD.on,in(9).I’llbebackatonce.Pleasewait______thebusstop.A.atB.untilC.fromD.for(10).Canyousing______Japanese?A.inB.withC.byD.on(11).Heoftengoestowork______car.A.withB.inC.onD.by4.冠词★小升初对冠词的考查较简单，主要考察不定冠词（a,an）的用法①（a,an）用法区分：（学生很容易把此认为是以元音/辅音字母开头的单词，所以老师要注重举例说明）e.g.anhourabookanappleaunitanumbrellaauniversitystudentanhonestman……②对the的考查主要考几个特殊用法：(1)表示特指例：LastnightIreadastory.ThestorywasaboutLeiFeng.29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组(1)用以指上句提到过，以后再次出现的人或物例：OnmywaytoschoolIsawanoldman.Theoldmanwalkedveryslow.(2)用以表示某些天体名词等例：Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.Theearthmovesroundthesun.(3)演奏乐器时，乐器名称前用the例：Sheisplayingthepiano.(5)在形容词最高级，序数词前例：themostinterestingfilm,thefirsttime(6)用在姓氏复数前表示一家人例：theBrowns★③不用冠词的情况　　　⑴季节，月份，星期几及节日名词前不用例：Teachers’DayisinSeptember.　OnSunday⑵三餐饭前不用例：Idon’thavelunch.Whatdidyoueatforsupper?⑶球类运动，棋类等名词不用例：playfootball,Canyouplaychess?29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组冠词专练：1.Wehave___lunchat____noon.A./，/B.a，/C.the，aD.a，a2._____magazineson_____tableareveryinteresting.A./，aB./，/C.The，theD.The，a3._____Greensgoto_____cinemaonceaweek.A./，aB./，theC.The，theD.The，a4.YellowRiveris____secondlongestriverinChina.A.theB.anC.aD./5.Aliceisfondofplaying_____piano.A./B.aC.theD.an6.Wouldyoulike____pearor_____orange?A.a,anB.an,aC.an,anD.a,a29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组5.数词★小升初对数词的单独考查较少，主要考察个别基数词与序数词的转化，及个别特殊用法。㈠区分基数词和序数词：⑴基数词－表示“数目多少”，如one,ten；⑵序数词－表示“数目顺序”，如first,tenth.最基本的基数词如下表：Abcd1one2two3three4four5five6six7seven8eight9nine10ten11eleven12twelve13thirteen14fourteen15fifteen16sixteen17seventeen18eighteen19nineteen20twenty30thirty40forty50fifty60sixty70seventy80eighty90ninety100ahundred1,000athousand1,000,000amillion1,000,000,000abillion★注意不规则的序数词。如：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth.㈡数词用法29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组⑴年月中，年用基数词，日用序数词如：April5(th),1998,September1(st),2001注：年的读法，先读前两位数，再读后两位数。1998年------nineteenninety-eight1800年------eighteenhundred2000年------yeartwothousand2001年------twothousandandone或twothousandone⑵表示时间，用基数词。如：5：00----five(o’clock),3:03-----fivepastthree,8:45-----aquartertonine一刻钟-----aquarter三刻钟------threequarters﹡注：几点过几分，如“过”的数字不超过30分，用介词past；如超过30分，则用介词to，表示差多少分到几点。⑶hundred,thousand,million,billion等词的特殊用法：e.g.Thereare______studentsinthisschool.A.eighthundredB.eighthundredsC.eighthundredofDeighthundredsof㈢奥数英语中常见数词用法①分数读法，分子用基数词，分母用序数词除了分子是一的情况下，序数词都用复数。如：1/3------onethird,4/5-------fourfifths.29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组1/4------aquarter,1/2--------ahalf3/4------threequarters,52/3--------fiveandtwothirds②小数读法，只用基数词。如：3.5------threepointfour,0.9------zeropointnine,4.36-------fourpointthreesix③表示百分数12%twelvepercent,0.9%zeropointninepercent④表示算式4+8=12Fourandeightis/makes/isequaltotwelve.(Fourpluseightistwelve.)10-4=6Tenminusfouris/leavessix.(Fourfromtenis/leavessix.)7*8=56Seventimeseightisfifty-six.(Sevenmultipliedbyeightisfifty-six.)7/2=3…1Sevendividedbytwoisthreeandahalf.29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组6.形容词、副词★小升初考试中，对形容词副词的考查主要限于它们的基本用法和其比较级、最高级的考查上。注意方面：⑴形容词修饰名词；　副词修饰动词/形容词；⑵比较级，最高级变化规律：变化规律原级比较级最高级一般情况,词尾＋er/esttalllongtallerlongertallestlongest以e结尾的词，词尾＋r/stlargewidelargerwiderlargestwidest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i再加er或esthappyprettyhappierprettierhappiestprettiest以重读闭音节结尾，辅元辅构成的形容词，双写最后一个字母，再加er或estbighotfatbiggerhotterfatterbiggesthottestfattest多数双音节形容词如以ing,ful,less,ous结尾，和多音节形容词在比较级前加more,interestingbeautifulexpensivemoreinterestingmorebeautifulmoreexpensivemostinterestingmostbeautifulmostexpensive29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组在最高级前加most比较级和最高级变化不规则:原级比较级最高级good/well(身体好的)betterbestill/bad/badly(副词)worseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleast★小升初多考查比较级的用法：句型：A+系动词+比较级+than+B例：LilyistallerthanMary.Englishismorepopularthanmaths.⑶修饰不定代词的形容词必须放起后面如；Isthereanythingwrongwithyourbike?⑷“too+形容词＋todosth.”意为“太……以致于不能……”如：Heistooyoungtogotoschool.⑸注意下列两组形容词意思/用法的区分：　如：Itisanexcitingnews,soweallfeelexcited.29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组e.g.1.MyWalkmansounds____thanyours.A.betterB.thebestC.bestD.good2.Heseems________thanyouwiththiswork.A.busyB.busilyC.muchbusierD.morebusily3.Thisis__________hatamongthefour.A.anexpensiveB.amoreexpensiveC.amostexpensiveD.themostexpensive4.Whichis______month,December,January,orFebruary?A.thecoldB.thecoldestC.thecolderD.acold5.Theclassroomis______smalltohold50students.A.soB.tooC.veryD.much6.Tomlooked_____________afterbreakfast.A.worriesB.worryC.worryingD.worried7.Mikeisthe_____________inhisfamily;allhisbrothersaremuchyounger.A.youngestB.largestC.oldestD.least8.Thestoryis___________.Weare__________init.A.interested;interestingB.interested;interestedC.interesting;interestingD.interesting;interested9.Tomgotup____________late______________gotoschoolontime.29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组A.So,toB.too,toC.very,toD.too,and7.　连词　　★小升初主要考察以下几个连词：连词e.g.1.Hurryup________you’llbelate..A.andB.orC.soD.but2.Janeworearaincoat_______itwasraining.A.soB.butC.andD.because3.Therearetenmistakesintoday’snewspaper,___________therewasonlyinyesterday.A.soB.butC.orD.because4.Becareful,___________youwillcutyourfinger.A.orB.andC.soD.because5.Maryisill,shedoesn’tgotoschooltoday.A.soB.butC.whenD.because29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组★时态及句型转换专练1．用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Hecan______(play)tennisverywell.2.Whattime_____you_____(go)towalkeveryday.3.Whydoyoulike_____(travel)?4.Tom_____(leave)NewYorkin1968.5.Jean_____(finish)herfirstbookwhenshewasfifteen.6._____(be)theremuchbutterontheplate?7.IstartedgoingtoschoolwhenI_____(be)sixyearsold.8._____yourfather_____(have)acomputer?9.Myparents_____(come)toseemetomorrow.10.Let’s_____(go)tothecinema.11.Mybrotherusually_____(get)upatsixo’clock.12.Theearth_____(go)roundthesun.13.Mysisteralways_____(wash)clothesforme.14.They_____(do)theirhomeworkcarefullyeveryday.15.MaryandRose_____(see)afilmonceaweek.16.Whenspring_____(come),thetrees_____(turn)green.17._____they_____(watch)TVeverySaturdayevening?18.Myfather_____(nothave)hislunchinthefactory.Healwayshasitathome.29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组19.We_____(notstudy)Russian.WestudyEnglish.20._____thebabyoften_____(cry)atnight?21.Hersister_____(notlook)likehermother.22.Thestudents_____(be)oftenbusywiththeirhomework.23.There_____(be)nearlyeightstudentsinourclass.24._____(be)thehospitalattheendoftheroad?25._____(be)yougoodatEnglish?26.Don’tmakeanynoise.Grandma_____(sleep).27.Myuncle_____(leave)forNanjingearlytomorrowmorning.28.---What_____you_____(do)now?---We_____(have)animportantmeeting.29.It’sseveno’clock.Tom’sfamily______(watch)TV.30.Listen!Who_____(cry)inthenextroom?31.Look!Thebus_____(come).32.Where_____you_____(go)now?33._____they_____(make)modelplanesnow?34.What_____he_____(do)lastSunday?He_____(go)fishing.35.There_____(be)alotofYoungPioneersatthemeetingyesterday.36._____(be)thereanyschoolsheretwentyyearsago?37._____yourfather_____(have)lunchathomeyesterday?38.Where_____you_____(study)Japaneselastyear?39.---How_____they_____(go)tothezooyesterday?29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组---They_____(go)thereonfoot.40.They_____(buy)twopairsoftrouserslastweek.41.I_____(make)yourbirthdaycakelastnight.42.I_____(hear)aterriblesoundjustnow.43.There_____(be)atelephonecallforJimamomentago.44.There_____(be)alotofpeopleintheparkyesterday.45.Hismotheroften_____(go)shoppinginthemorning,butyesterdayshe_____(go)shoppingintheafternoon.46.Ifitrainstomorrow,we_____(notgo)tothesummerPalace.47.Whattime_____he_____(get)uptomorrow?48.There_____(be)afootballmatchonTVthisevening.2.句型转换1.Theboyistakingoffhisclothesandgoingtobednow.(划线提问)2.Tomdoeshishomeworkeveryevening.(改为一般疑问句)3.Maryisolderthananyothergirlinherclass.(同义句改写)Maryis___________inherclass.4.ZhangHongwenttobedbeforeeleveno’clocklastnight.(划线提问)5.Lucyisshort,butLindaisshorter.(合并为一句)Lucyis_____thanLinda.29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组6.Isometimesgettoschoolveryearly.(划线提问)7.MyparentswatchedTVformorethantwohourslastnight.(划线提问)8.ThechildrengotoBeijingZooonceaweek.(划线提问)9.You’dbettergohome.(改为否定句)You’dbetter________________.10.Mr.TunercametoworkbycarlastMonday.(划线提问)11.Weshallmeetoutsidetheschoolgate.(划线提问)12.Sheisawomanteacher.(改为复数)13.Icanseesixbirdsinthetree.(划线提问)14.Sheworksinafactory.(用inanoffice改为选择疑问句)15.Thenearestbusstopisabout4kilometersaway.(划线提问)16.Ihadnoodlesforbreakfastthismorning.(划线提问)17.Mysweaterisyellow.(划线提问)29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组18.Thereisaclassmeetinginourschooleveryweek.(改为一般疑问句)19.Mysisterlikescookingallthetime.(改为一般疑问句)20.IsawmyfriendJimonmywaytoschool.(改为一般疑问句)21.WehadEnglishandChineseyesterdaymorning.(划线提问)22.Thereisn’tanyriceinthebag.(改为肯定句)23.Mytelephonenumberis5678168.(划线提问)24.ThatboystudentisfromBeijing.(改为复数)25.Thesepencil-boxesaretheirs.(改为单数)26.Iknowyou.(改为一般疑问句)27.Iwenttoschoolat6:00yesterday.(划线提问)28.Hewaitedfortwohourstobuytheticket.(划线提问)29\n北京巨人学校家教中心英语教研组29