小升初点睛课语法 37页

小升初点睛语法目录一动词九词组辨析二名词十短语三代词十一反义疑问句四冠词十二宾语从句五数词十三If从句六形容词与副词十四其他七介词十五句型转换八Therebe句型十六语音规则一、动词1.四种时态【考点点拨】判断以下句子的时态：1.Johnusuallygoestoschoolbybike.__________________点睛：第三人称单数2.Wesawafilmlastnight._________________点睛：不规则变化过去式made,bought3.Mymotherwillgoshoppingtomorrow._______________.点睛：begoingto的表达4.It’s8o’clocknow,IamhavingEnglishclass._________________点睛：构成____________________________,别丢下be时态题的做题步骤：一看时间，二看主语，三变动词。 一看时间来决定句子的时态：做时态题，最重要的是找准时间状语。故要求对各种时态的时间状语熟悉。注：没有时间标志，根据句子情景定。二看主语来决定谓语动词的单复数形式：这往往是我们最容易忽视的地方。三变动词来完成题目：这步要求我们要掌握动词在各种时态中的正确形式。【真题回顾】1．Myfather_______anewcar.He______itverymuch．（09联考）A．have，likeB．has，likesC．has，likeD．have．likes2._______you______tobedattenyesterdayevening?（06联考）A．Did，goB．Do，goC．Did,wentD．Do，went3．Ifyou______workhard,you__________passtheexam.（07联考）A．won't,won'tB．won'tcan'tC．don't,don'tD．don't,won't4．Look．Thechildren_______________(play)football．（07联考）5．Lastyearwe________________(fly)toShanghai．（06联考）37\n6.Youcan'tseehernowbecauseshe___________(have)aclassintheclassroom．（06联考）7．Idomyhomeworkintheevening．ButI_____________(notdo)itatthistimeyesterday．（07联考）8．They________(plant)treestomorrow．（08联考）9．Joan________(notswim)beforebreakfasteveryday．（08联考）10．She________(be)shortin2002，butnowshe________(1ook)taller．（08联考）11.______WesangEnglishsongsanddosomeChinesedanceslastnight。（09联考改错）12.Ilikedrinkingtea.Idrinkedsometea1astnight.（09联考改错）【实战擂台】1．Mymotherlikes____booksintheevening．Shedoesn'toften_____TV.A．1ookingat,watchB．watches，seeC．toread，watchesD．reading,watch2.”I”_____oneofthe26letters(字母).A.isB.amC.areD.was3．Thegirl________theflowerlastweekA．iswateringB．watersC．watered4．He______(visit)thefarmnextweek.5．Let's_______(speak)Englishinclass．________(notspeak)Chinese．6.What_____he_____(have)?He______(have)atoyplane.7.Themoon______(go)aroundtheearth.8.Please_________(have)someoranges.9.（改错）Myhobbyislistentomusic.10.（改错）Myyoungersisterwantstoanurse.【特别介绍：现在完成时】现在完成时的构成：助动词have（has）+过去分词，1．表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如：IhavelearnedEnglishforsevenyears.be–beengo-gonedo-done现在完成时常用的时间状语有：already（”已经”用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）Ihavealreadyreadthebook.never(“从不”用于中间处)Ihaveneverreadthebook.ever（”曾经”用于疑问句的中间处）Haveyoueverreadthebook?just(“刚刚”用于中间处)Ihavejustreadthebook.yet(“已经”用于疑问句的末尾处/“还”用于否定句的末尾处)Haveyoureadthebookyet?Ihaven’treadthebookyet.常考的几个词：★.have(has)beento表示“曾经去过某地”。37\n★.have(has)goneto表示“去了某地”。★.have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆了多久”。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.玛丽从未去过长城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？★.have/hasseen“看过“Ihaveseenthisfilmtwice.练习：1.-Mum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball?-________you________yourhomeworkyet?A.Do,finishB.Are,finishingC.Did,finishD.Have,finished2.He’sgonetoBeijing,____________?（改为反意疑问句）Since和for的用法Since“自从“+过去起点的时间，for+一段时间用since和for填空1)______twoyears2)_______twoyearsago3)______19994)_______4o’clock5)______4hours6)______shelefthere2.情态动词【考点点拨】情态动词有can(could),beableto能够,may(might)也许，可以，可能,must必须,haveto不得不,shall(should,will(would)将,need需要,hadbetter最好等。考点:★.情态动词后必须加动词原形,(needtodosth例外)★.needn’t不必=don’thaveto,mustn’t禁止，不允许,shouldn’t不应该　　★.Mustbe一定是，can’tbe不可能是★wouldyou…?你可以……吗?,MayI…?我可以……吗?表询问【真题回顾】：1．--________Ihavealookatthepicture?…Yes,you___________.（07联考）A．Can,mustB．Can,mayC．may,canD．Must,must2.---MustIborrowthebookwithanIDcard?---No，you________.(08联考)A．mustn'tB．needn’tC．shouldn't3.--MayI______yourbike?--Sure.（09联考）37\nA．rideB．ridingC．readD．toride4．MissArthurcan______piano．（09联考）A．playedtheB．playedC．playstheD．playthe5.It’stime_________toschool.Wemust_________now.A.togo,goesB.going,goC.togo,goD.going,goes6.You'dbetter___latenexttime.(华附)A.nottobeB.notbeC.won'tbeD.don'tbe【实战擂台】：1-CanyouspeakJapanese?-No,I____.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.don’t2.You___belateforschoolagainnexttime.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.don'thavetoD.don'tneedto3.-MustIdomyhomeworkatonce?-No,you___.A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.can'tD.maynot4.___Itakethisone?A.MayB.WillC.AreD.Do5.Excuseme.___youpleasepassmethatcup?A.DoB.ShouldC.WouldD.Must6.Thecatcan_____thetree,butthetiger_____.A.toclimb,won’tB.climb,can’tC.climbing,can’t7.It’scoldinwinter.Weneed_____coats.A.wearsB.wearC.towear8.You’dbetter_____inbed.A.stayB.stayingC.staysD.stayed3．非谓语动词【考点点拨】★后加v-ing的动词1.enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事2.spend…doingsth.花费时间或钱做某事3.bebusydoingsth.忙着做某事4.finishdoingsth.完成某事5.practicedoingsth.练习做某事6.findsbdoingsth.发现某人在做某事7.havefundoingsth做某事很开心8.Nodoing不要做某事37\n9.minddoing介意做某事10.godoing去做某事11.dosomedoing做点什么介词+doing常考介词：in,on,at,of,for,from,up,about,without,before,after,by12.Doing开头作主语13.be+doing表现在进行时★后加动词原形的动词口诀：最好、让、（人）帮忙，为什么不，情态，助动①hadbetter（not）dosth.最好(不)做某事②使役动词：让某人做某事letsb.dosth.makesb.dosth.③helpsb.（to）dosth帮某人做某事④whynotdosth=whydon’tyoudosth为什么不做某事…?④情态动词（can,will,may,shall,must,could,would,might,should,haveto…）+dosth.能将也许将必须⑤助动词(do,does,did)+dosth.★后加todo的动词口诀：叫、告诉，是时候、决定、想要、邀请、需要、计划1.asksb.todosth.叫某人做某事2.tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事3.It'stimetodosth该是……的时候了4.decidetodosth决定做某事37\n5.wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事=wouldliketodo6.invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事7.needtodosth.需要做某事8.plantodosth.计划做某事9、不定代词：somethinganything+todoeverythingnothing10、疑问词:whathow+todowhere★既可+todo,亦可+doing，注意意思会大相径庭。tododoingstop停止停下来去做某事停止做某事goon继续继续做不同的事继续做相同的事remember记得记得要做某事记得做过某事forget忘记忘记要做某事忘记做过某事like喜欢一次性长期hate讨厌love喜爱try试尽力做某事尝试做某事start开始一样begin开始seesb.dosth.看见某人做了某事seesb.doingsth.看见某人正在做某事hearsb.dosth.听见某人做了某事hearsb.doingsth.看见某人正在做某事【真题回顾】１．Katelikes________(dance)　(08联考)2.Moreandmorepeopleintheworldenjoy_______now．（09联考）37\nA．swimB．swimmingC．toswimD．swims3，Tom________things．Nowheismakingatoyplane．（06联考）A．1ikemakeB．1ikesmakeC．1ikemakingD．1ikesmaking4．——Let'sgo_______________(boat)．——Allright．（06联考）5．Ienjoy_____________(1isten)tomusic．（06联考）【实战擂台】1.Youareill,youmuststop______(smoke)andyoushouldkeep____(take)medicine.2.Sorry,Iforgot_______（bring）myEnglishbooksthismorning.3.Ifyouenjoy______(paint),justkeep____(do)it.一、名词【考点点拨】★变复数以o结尾的词变复数+es如：negroesheroestomatoespotatoes或+s如：radios,zoos,bamboos,pianos,photos以f，fe结尾的多数+es如：leaf---leavesknife---knives不规则变化tooth—teeth,foot—feet,sheep---sheep,deer---deerchild—children,mouse—mice,German-Germans★名词的所有格。例如单数名词后加’sTom’sbookTom的书myfriend’suncle我朋友的叔叔以s结尾的复数名词在s后加’Teachers’Day教师节twoweeks’holiday两周的假期比较Father’sDayMother’sDayTeachers’DayWomen’sDay亲生爸爸和妈妈只有一个，所以父亲节，母亲节是用单数名词的所有格。不以s结尾的复数名词加’sChildren’sDay儿童节Women’sDay妇女节几个人共同拥有的东西在最后一个名词后加’s.ThisisMaryandLily’sbedroom.分别拥有的东西在每个名词后加’sTheseareTom’sandJack’sschoolbags.37\n★某国人的复数中、日不变Chinese--ChineseJapanese--Japanese英、法变a为eEnglishman----EnglishmenFrenchman----Frenchmen其余后面加sAmerican-----AmericansAustralian---Australians注意：German-Germans（德国人）Germany（德国）★man、woman作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变。onemanteacher一个男老师twomenteachers两个男老师onewomandoctor一个女医生twowomendoctors两个女医生比较：agirlstudent一个女学生twogirlstudents两个女学生aboystudent一个男学生twoboystudents两个男学生★不可数名词“三不”1).不能直接用数字表数量,2).不能直接加a或an,3).不能加s。【真题回顾】1--Whoserulerisit?--Maybeit’s_______.（09联考）A．PeterB．PetersC．Mary’sD．peters’2.WhatcanIdoforyou?I’dlikesix_____________.(中大附中)A.boxofappleB.boxesofapplesC.boxofapplesD.boxesofapple3.Ihavelotsof___________.(中大附中)A.radiosB.toothsC.toiesD.breads4.Whenis____________Day?(中大附中)A.ChildrenB.ChildrensC.Children’sD.Childs’37\n5.OnSundayeveryoneinthefamily____busy.Allthefamily____cleaningthehouse.（09省实）A.is,isB.are,areC.is,areD.are,is6.Wehavefive________.(08省实)A.appletreeB.applestreeC.appletreesD.applestrees【实战擂台】1.Iboughtalotof_______inthesupermarket.A.meatsB.vegetablesC.potatosD.knifes2.Ican’tcarry_______.They’reheavy.A.threeboxoforangesB.fivebottlesofmilkC.twobagsofricesD.fourplateofnoodle3.Therearetwenty_____inourschool.Someofthemare_____.(09省实)A.womenteachers,GermansB.womanteachers,GermansC.womanteachers,GermenD.womenteachers,Germen4.Therearesome___________(tomato)onthedesk.(06联考)一、代词【考点点拨】★主格I放在动词前，宾格me放在动词或介词后单数的人称代词顺序：二三一you,heandI复数的人称代词顺序：一二三we,youandthey★形容词性物主代词+名词，名词性物主代词单独使用★Afriendofmine.我的一个朋友afriendofmyfather’s我爸爸的一个朋友。★one指同类事物中的一个★it指某事物本身★反身代词的用法：enjoyoneself玩得开心；过得愉快teachoneself自学helpyourself/yourselvesto请随便吃talktooneself自言自语byoneself独自的foroneself为自己makeoneselfathome不必拘束；不要客气dressoneself自己穿衣lookafteroneself照顾自己37\n★指示代词：（单复数句变换时要用到）单数复数this这个these这些that那个those那些【真题回顾】1．Give______sometomatoes，please．(06联考)A．LiLeiandIB．IandLiLeiC．LiLeiandmeD．meandLiLei2．Allof________(we)likenewclothes．（06联考）3．Theboy______blueisafriendof________.A.of,myB.in,myC．of,mineD．in,mine4.…Doyouhaveapenlikethis?…No．ButI'mgoingtobuy______.（07联考）A．oneB．itC．thisD．that5．WeboughtGrannyapresent,_____shedidn'tlike_____.（07联考）A．and，itB．but,itC．so,oneD．but,one6．…______isthatbook?…______book?…Theoneonyourdesk．…It'sTom's.（07联考）A．Who's,WhatB．Who's,WhichC．Which,WhoseD．Whose,Which7．Isthis______kite?No，it's______.（08联考）A．her，hisB．him，hersC．mine，his8.Isityours?No，itisn’tminebook.It’shis.(09联考改错)【实战擂台】1.Whyareyoulookingat_____likethat?A.meB.myC.mineD.I2._____hasmoreorangesthanI,butminearebiggerthan_____.A.She,herB.He,hisC.You,herD.His,his3.----______dressisthis?----It’smydress.(09省实)A.WhoesB.Who’sC.WhoseD.Where一、冠词【考点点拨】a用在辅音开头的单词前。an用在元音开头的单词前。37\nthe有特指意味例外：1、______hour一小时2、______honestboy一个诚实的男孩小结：“h”不发音3、______university一所大学4、______umbrella一把雨伞5、______usefulbook一本有用的书6、______unhappyboy一个不开心的男孩小结：如果发字母u本身的音/ju：/，前面加a：如果发ʌ/时，前面加an：7、______Europeancountry一个欧洲国家小结：“E”不发音，u发本身的音/ju：/，前面加a.8、Thereis_______“h”_______“o”_______“u”and_______“r”inthewordhour.“hour”这个单词里面有一个“h”一个“o”一个“u”和一个“r”小结：an“aeioflmnsxhr”a“u”；9、球类运动和三餐饭前不加theplayfootball，playsoccerhavelunch乐器前加theplaytheviolin，37\nplaythepiano【真题回顾】1．Shehasgot_____Europeanstamp.（07联考）A．aB．/C．anD．some2．Lookat______.Howniceitlooks.（07联考）A．moonB．themoonC．amoonD．themoons3．Mikeis____honestboyinhisclass．（08联考）A．aB．anC．the4.Thereis_____”o”,______”u”and_____”r”intheword“hour.(08省实)【实战擂台】1.Welikeplaying_____pianoverymuch.A.aB.anC.不填D.the2.Theword“fish”has_________”f”.A.anB.aC.theD./3.（改错）Theoldmanlikesplayingthechess.一、数词【考点点拨】★特殊变化的序数词firstsecondthirdfiftheighthninthtwelfthtwentieth另外，注意：序数词前要加定冠词the,如果已经有your,myher等就不用加the★基数词表时刻。口诀：先分钟，后点钟≤30′用past>30′用to15′用aquarter30′用half★twohundredhundredsof即：有数字没S没of,没数字有S就有of。★分数的表达法先分子，后分母，分子用基数表示，分母用序数词表示，分子大于1，分母加-s。37\n如：1/3(三分之一)：onethird2/3(三分之二):twothirds【真题回顾】1．Thisyearisher_________(twenty)birthday．（06联考）2．Tommylivesonthe______floorwhileJackylivesonthe_____floor.（07联考）A．fiveth,ninethB．fifth，ninethC．fifth，ninthD．fiveth,ninth3.Septemberisthe______(nine)monthofayear.（09联考）4.Westudyonthe___floorintheteachingbuilding.(中大附中)A.ninthB.forthC.fivethD.three【实战擂台】1.Herearesomeflowers.The______onegrowswell.A.fifthB.eightC.twelveD.nineth2.（改错）Decemberistwelfthmonthofayear.一、形容词、副词【考点点拨】1、very，quite，so，too只能修饰原级2、as+形容词/副词原级+as表示：和……一样例如，TomisasoldasKate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。3、not+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as表示：甲不如乙…例如，Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.这个房间不如那个大。4、形容词/副词比较级+than表示“甲比乙…”例如，TomistallerthanKate.汤姆比凯特高。5、比较级，甲or乙？”6、 可以修饰比较级的词much+比较级…得多alittle+比较级稍微…，Tomlooksmuchyoungerthanbefore.汤姆看起来比以前年轻得多了。7、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。例如:Heisgettingtallerandtaller.他变得越来越高了。37\n8、“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。   例如:Themorecarefulyouare，thefewermistakesyou’llmake.你越认真，犯的错误越少。9、“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。10、oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词表示“……是……中最……之一”。例如，BeijingisoneofthelargestcitiesinChina.北京是中国最大城市之一。11、the+最高级甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。      例如，Whichcountryisthelargest，China，BrazilorCanada？12、形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。（代前形后）例如，Wouldyoulikesomethinghottodrink？13、连系动词+形容词常见的连系动词有be(是)，look(看起来)，smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），sound（听起来），feel(摸起来)等。例如，Helookshappytoday.14、open与close的词性open作动词：打开close作动词：关上作形容词：开着的closed作形容词：关着的15、the+adj.表一类人，作主语谓语动词用复数。如：theyoung年轻人theold老年人therich有钱人thepoor穷人37\n16、good.well的区别：good形容词（表示人品好或东西好）。well形容词（身体好）；副词（好地）。17、enough足够的形容词+enough+todosth.enough+名词+todosth.★多音节词比较级、最高级：+moremostinteresting有趣的,delicious美味的,beautiful漂亮的,popular流行的,dangerous危险的,difficult困难的，expensive昂贵的(确保学生会写这些单词)★不规则变化的比较级（好）good/well---better---best（坏）ill/bad/badly---worse---worst（少）little---less---least（许多）many/much---more---most（远）far---farther---farthest（仅用于指距离）【真题回顾】1．Mystoryis________thanyours．（06联考）A．muchinterestingB.interestingC．muchmoreinterestingD.interestinger2．Theboyisgetting_____andhewillbe_____enoughtogotoSchoolnextweek.A．better,goodB．good，betterC．good,wellD．better,well3．Mynewhouseis_____closertotheschoolnow.（08联考）A．manyB．muchC．little4．We'llhavethemeetingathalfpasteight．Willyouplease______(come)herealittle________.(early)（07联考）5．Whichisthe_____________(popular)foodinChina?6.Ofallthegirls,Maryspent____timeandmade____mistakes.A.much,manyB.theleast,thefewestC.more,mostD.thefewest,theleast【实战擂台】1.Whichis___________,tabletennisorbasketball.A.popularerB.thepopularestC.themostpopularD.morepopular2．Thisbookis_________thanthatone．（07联考）A．muchinterestingB．interestingerC．moreinterestingD．betterinteresting37\n3．Jimis______________inourclass．(tall)（06联考）4.(改错)IthinkDrSunYetsunismostimportantpersoninChina.一、介词【考点点拨】★at,on,inat具体的钟点时刻：atseven;固定搭配：atnight,atnoon.on星期几，具体的某一天或某一天的早，中，晚或有Day的节日前。onSunday,onJune1st,onacoldnight,onarainymorning,onAprilFools’Day.in用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚上。in2010,inApril,inthetwenty-firstcentury,inspring,inthemorning.★with（1）“和”如：Everyevening,MrBrowngoesforawalkwithhisdog.(2)“伴随，有”，如Thegirlwithsmileonherfaceismyclassmate.【真题回顾】1．____Children'sDaymymothergoestotheZoowithme·（06联考）A．InB．AtC．OfD．On2．Turnleft_____thesecondcrossing,andthestoreis_____theleft.（07联考）A．at，toB．at,onC．on,atD．to,at3．Mygrandfatherwasborn_____acoldwintermorning_____January,1949．（07联考）A．in，inB．on,inC．on,onD．in，on4.Theboysliketheidea，butthegirlsare____it.（08联考）A．againstB．notlikeC．don'tlike5.Thisnewpencil-caseisonly______Jimmy.（09联考）A．inB．onC．forD．a6．---Maryisgoodat_________(08省实)A.singB.singsC.singing7._____weekdaysIusuallygetup_____6;30,but______theweekend,Iusuallygetuplate.(08省实)A．On,at,atB.At,at,onC.At,at,at8.----WhenareyougoingtoflytoBeijing?---______________________.（中大附中）A.InlastSundayB.LastTuesdayC.OnnextmonthD.Tomorrow【实战擂台】1.WewatchTV________everyevening.（08联考）A．inB．onC．/37\n2.Marialikestotalk____thephone.A.inB.onC.atD.with3.Wewrite________ourhandsA.ofB.withC.atD.in4.Wefillthehole_________someearth.A.withB.fromC.toD.of5.Theman____abookinhishandismyfather.A.inB.ofC.onD.with6.Igetup_____aquartertosix______ahotmorning.(09省实)A.at,inB.at,atC.on,onD.at,on7.Welcome_____school!（09省实）A.forB.backtoC.at一、therebe句型【考点透析】★就近原则Thereisateacherandmanystudentsinourclassroom. Therearetwoboysandagirlunderthetree.树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。have表示“有生命的物体有……★therewillbe,thereisgoingtobetherebe不能与have共用；★therebe句型反意疑问句的构成：be(not)there?【真题回顾】1．There________________ontheplate．（06联考）A．is，breadsB．are，breads．C．is，somebreadD．are，somebread2.There____apairofshoes．Whoseshoes_____those?A．are，areB．is，areC．is，isD.are,is3．There_______muchwaterintheglass．（08联考）A．isB．areC.be4.--Hi,Tom!There____afilmaboutMonkeyKingthedayaftertomorrow.---That’sgreat.(中大附中)A.isgoingtobeB.isgoingtohaveC.willhasD.aregoingtohave【实战擂台】1.There______(be)asnow-white(白雪公主)andsevendwarfs（小矮人）inthestory.2.There_____(be)sevendwarfsandasnow-whiteinthestory.3．…___________there__________ontheplate?37\n---Yes，____________onlyalittle.（07联考）A．Is,ameat,andB．Are，meats，butC．Are，anymeats，andD．Is,anymeat,but4.Thereisnopeopleintheroom,__________?(反意疑问句)一、词语辨析【考点点拨】★bring,takebring是“带来”，从另外一个地方把东西带到说话的地方来。如：TheWorldCupbringsusinfinitehappiness.世界杯给我们带来无限快乐。take是“带去”，从说话的地方把东西拿到另外的一个地方。e.g.PleasetakemetoSouthAfrica.请把我带到南非★spend,pay,cost,takesb.spend…onsth.某人花了多少钱或时间在某东西上sb.spend…(in)doingsth.某人花了多少钱或时间做某事sb.pay…forsth.某人为某东西支付了多少钱sth.costsb.…某东西花了某人多少钱ittakessb.…todosth.做某事花了某人多少时间同义转换（07省实）Thenewcomputercostsme6000yuan.(1)I_______6000yuan_______thenewcomputer.(1)I_______6000yuan_______thenewcomputer.★few, a few; little , a little.可数不可数肯定（有一点点）afewalittle否定（几乎没有）fewlittle★in front of, in the front of37\nin front of…意思是“在……前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；指在某一空间或地方的外部。其反义词是behind（在……的后面）。如：He walked in front of me.他走在我的前面。in the front of 意思是“在某一空间内的前部”，例如：Our teacher stands in the fount of the classroom.我们的老师站在教室前★see,look,watch,read四个看see强调看到的结果和内容seeafilmlook强调看的动作lookat,lookaround,lookoutofwatchwatchTV，watchfootballmatchread看文字类的东西（报纸，杂志，书籍）★the other,another,  the others,others 一个另一个两者中onetheother三者或以上中oneanother一些另一些两部分sometheothers（余下的全部）三部分或以上中someothers（不是全部）★–ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到…”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人…”或“令人…的(事物)”。interesting(指事、物）有趣的interested(指人）对…感兴趣exciting(指事、物)令人兴奋的excited(指人)对…感到兴奋★some,any用于肯定句中37\nsome用于以下疑问句1、提建议的问句中Wouldyoulikesome…?你要点……吗？ShallIbringsome…?我要带点……吗？What/Howaboutsome…?来点……怎么样？2、有求于人的问句中May/CanIhavesomecoffee?给我点咖啡好吗？May/CanIborrowsomemoney?借点钱给我好吗？any用于否定句与疑问句中eg:Arethereanypensonthedesk?【真题回顾】1．HerTVisbroken．Thereis_______picture．（06联考）A．noB．notC．SomeD．any2．Hedoesn'tlikeplayingfootball．Shedoesn'tlikeit______.（07联考）A．alsoB．tooC．neitherD．either3．…____yourraincoat___you,please.Itisrainingoutside.（07联考）A．Bring,toB．Bring,withC．Take，toD.Take,with4.Thebookis____Mysisteris____inreadingit.（08联考）A．interested，interestingB．interesting，interestingC．interesting，interested5.Thesestamps_________meonehundredyuan.A.costB.useC.spendC.pay6.Thereare_________bananasinthebox.A.muchB.alittleC.alotD.alotof7.Idrink_______wateraftersports.(中大附中)A.lotofB.somuchC.manyD.so【实战擂台】1.Hedoesn’tlikeswimming,shedoesn’tlikeswimming.A.tooB.eitherC.alsoD.so2.Doyoulike_________theradio?A.hearingC.hearC.listeningtoD.listento3.Thefilmisso______.Idon’tlikeit,andIfeel______.A.boring,boringB.boring,boredC.bored,boringD.bored,bored4.---It’stoowindyoutside.---Yes,I’ll_________myraincoattoschool.A.takeB.bringC.getD.carry一、短语【考点点拨】37\nwouldliketodo=liketodo=wanttolookat=havealookatlookforlookafternot…atallalotof=lotsofprefer…to…pick…upcatchupwithsbbeangrywithsbintroublebedifferentfrom【真题回顾】1.Wouldyoulike______________(play)tennis?（06联考）2．Iwouldlike______(be)yourpenfriend．　（09联考）3.Thewomanlooked________hersonyesterdayafternoon（08联考）A．0fB．byC．for4.I’dliketobuyacakewithalotsofstrawberries.(09改错)5.Look，yourpenisontheground．Pickupit.（09改错）6.Youshouldstudyhardandcatchup_______-others.A.fromB.withC.toD.of7.Weshouldhand___ourhomeworkontimeand____-others.A.in,falloverB.from,getoutofC.in,catchupwithD.out,beintroublewith8.ThisisabookaboutChinesehistory.It’sdifferent_____thebookaboutJapanesehistory.A.fromB.withC.inD.of一、反意疑问句【考点点拨】★前否后肯，前肯都否Youareacleverchild,aren’tyou?★陈述部分如有表示否定意思的某些词,never从不,seldom很少,hardly几乎不,few几乎没有,little几乎没有,nobody,no,noone,nothing,too…to…太…而不能…,疑问部分须用肯定.试一试：1.HeneverwatchesTV,_______?2.Theyhaveveryfewfriendshere,_____?3.Thereisnothinginit,_____?★在祈使句的反义疑问句后统一用willyou?当祈使句以let’s开头时,疑问句用shallwe。试一试：1.Speaklouder,__________?2.Don’tbelate,__________?3.Let’sgohome,__________?★注意：如果以letus开头，疑问句部分仍然用willyou37\nLetussingasongforyou,?★陈述部分是Iam或I’m时，疑问部分用aren’tI.试一试：IamhavinganEnglishlesson,_________.★陈述部分主语是this，that时，疑问部分的主语用it；Thisisyourbook,？★陈述部分主语是these，those时，疑问部分主语用theyTheseareyourfriends,？★therebe句型反意疑问句的构成：be(not)there?【真题回顾】1．That'sagoodplaceforreading，________?（06联考）A．isthatB．isitC．isn'tthatD．isn'tit2．Thereisn'tanicebookonthetable,_______？（07联考）A.isn'titB．isitC.isn'tthereD．isthere【实战擂台】Thereisnotmuchnewsintoday’spaper,__________?　　A.isn’tit　　　B.arethere　C.isthereD.aren’tthere十二、含有特殊疑问词的宾语从句例题：()YourT-shirtissocool.Couldyoutellme________?A.whereyoubuyitB.wheredoyoubuyitC.whereyouboughtitD.wheredidyoubuyit解题技巧1.语序：疑问词+主语+谓语（动词）+其它2.时态：前面是过去的后面也要变成过去3.疑问词后面不能有do/does/did。语法专练一、单项选择。1.Momaskedmewhere_________.A.wasAlice’ssisterB.Alice’ssisterwas.37\nC.isAlice’ssisterD.Alice’ssisteris2.LittleTomaskedhismother_________.A.whenwilltheycomeB.whentheywouldcomeC.whentheywillcomeD.whendidtheycome3.TonyaskedMary________.A.whereshelivedB.wheredidsheliveC.wheredoessheliveD.whereshelives4.Myfriendaskedme_______Iwasdoinglastnight.A.whatB.whenC.whyD.how5. Where was Alice’s sister? I don’t know where ________.A. was Alice’s sister    B. Alice’s sister wasC. is Alice’s sister     D. Alice’s sister is6. What did he say? I don’t know what _________.A. did he say   B. he says   C. he has said  D. he said7. Is Mr. Wu from Beijing? I don’t know ________.A. where does he come from  B. from where does he comeC. which city he comes from  D. what city he comes from8. Excuse me, but can you tell me ___________?A. where can I get to the library B. where I can get to the libraryC. how can I get to the library  D. how I can get to the library9. I’d like to know ________ Chinese.A. when he began to learn  B. when did he begin to learnC. when did he begin learning D. for how long he began to learn十三、if如果+一般现在时。语法专练()1.Thestudentswillplanttreesifit_____tomorrow.A.didn’trainB.hasn’trainedC.won’trainD.doesn’train()2.We_____homeifthereisnobus.---Oh,whatapity!A.willwalkB.havewalkedC.walkedD.walk37\n()3.Ifit_____tomorrow,I’llgobycar.A.rainB.willrainC.rainsD.wouldrain()4.IfMary_____nextSunday,wewillgoboatingtogether.A.willcomeB.comesC.shallcomeD.shouldcome十四、其它1．A：Howdoyoulikethefilm?B：_________.（06联考）A．IthinkSo．B．Idon'tthinksoC．Yes,IIikeit．D．It'sagoodfilm2．A：“Thankyouverymuch.”B：_________.（06联考）A．Allright．B．OK．C．No,thanks.D．That’sallright．3．…Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?…_____.（06联考）A．Yes,Iam．B．Yes，1likeitverymuch．C．Yes，please．D．Yes，I'dlikesomewater4．…_________?…Sheisanurse．（06联考）A．Wheredoesyourmotherdo?B．Whatdoesyourmotherdo?C．Whatisyourmotherdoing?D．Whoisyourmother?5.A：Shallwegotothemuseumnextweek?B：_______.（08联考）A．Whereisthemuseum?B．YouaresoKindC．Goodidea6.Youarehavingamealwithyourfried．Youwanttoaskhimtoeatsomesteak.Whatwouldyousay?（08联考）A．Don'tyoulikesteak?B．EatthesteakC．Helpyourselftosomesteak7.---I’msorryIcan’tdoit.---______________________.(09省实)A.notatallB.You’rewelcome.C.Itdoesn’tmatterD.Welldone8．WouldyouliketogotothezoowithmeonSaturdaymorning?---._________,butI’vegotapianolesson.（广外外校）A.I‘dlovetoB.No,Idon’tC.Yes,Iwould.9．Hedoesn'tgotoschooltoday_____heisill．（06联考）A．andB．orC．becauseD.but10．ThecapitaloftheUSAis____________.（06联考）A．NewYorkB．WashingtonC．ParisD．London11．Peopleuse_________inEngland．（07联考）A．dollar(s)B．yuan(￥)C．pound(￡)D．HK.．do11ar(HK＄)37\n十五、句型转换一、肯定句改否定句1、句子中有be，在be后加not。amisare+notwaswere2、句子中有情态动词，在情态动词后加not。can注意：couldcannot=can’t不会willwillnot=won’t将不wouldmustnot=mustn’t禁止；不允许may+notneednot=needn’t不必mightshallshouldmustneed3、句子中的谓语是动词原形，在动词前加don’t。主语+动词原形37\n→主语+don’t+动词原形4、句子中的谓语动词是第三人称单数，在动词前加doesn’t，动词用原形。主语+动词s/es→主语+doesn’t+动词原形5、句子中的谓语动词是过去式，在动词前加didn’t，动词用原形。主语+动词ed→主语+didn’t+动词原形6、否定句的祈使句肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头（有时有please），Openthedoor,please.把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加Don’t即可。Don’topenthedoor,please.7、Ithink变Idon’tthinkIthinkyouareright.→Idon’tthinkyouareright.8、注意：“一些”some用于肯定句，any用于否定句“也”too用于肯定句，either用于否定句“和”and用于肯定句，or用于否定句“有”hasgot→hasn’tgot37\nhavegot→haven’tgothas→doesn’thavehave→don’thave9、难点：1、XiaoLing____________(benot)athome.2、XiaoLing____________(notgo)toschoolontime.3、XiaoLing,________(notopen)thedoor.4、Idomyhomeworkatschool.→I_________________myhomeworkatschool.5、Shedoesherhomeworkatschool.→She_________________herhomeworkatschool.6、Theydidtheirhomeworkatschool.→They_________________theirhomeworkatschool.二、肯定句改一般疑问句1、句子中有be，把be提到句首。2、句子中有情态动词，把情态动词提到句首。3、谓语是动词原形，在句首加Do。4、谓语动词是第三人称单数，在句首加Does，动词用原形。5、句子中的谓语动词是过去式，在句首加Did，动词用原形。6、注意：some用于肯定句，any用于一般疑问句遇到第一人称I/We，还要改人称为you37\nhasgot的一般疑问，把has提前，havegot的一般疑问，把have提前，has的一般疑问:Does+主语+have+其他have的一般疑问:Do+主语+have+其他7、难点：1、I’dlikesomecoke.→__________________________coke?2、Isthisyourbook?Yes，____________.3、Isthatyourbook?Yes，____________.4、Aretheseyourbooks?Yes，____________.5、Arethoseyourbooks?Yes，____________.二、陈述句改特殊疑问句特殊疑问句的构成：疑问词+一般疑问句一般疑问句的构成：Be/情态动词提前Do,Does,Did开头常考的特殊疑问词：Howlong多久回答：foraweek一周了Howsoon还要多久回答：inaweek一周后Howmanytimes多少次once1次twice2次threetimes3次Howfar多远It’s2000meters.It’s15minutes’walk.37\nHowoften多久一次onceaweek一周一次twiceaweek一周两次threetimesaweek一周三次2007年真题：句型转换：按要求改写句子。l．Mywatchisbroken．(就划线部分提问)_______________________________________________watch?2．BabyBearlookedinthebedroom.(就划线部分提问)___________________BabyBear_____________?3．Hehasapieceofbreadforbreakfasteveryday．(就划线部分提问)________________________________forbreakfasteveryday?2009年真题：4.Lilylikesspringbest.(对划线部分提问)seasonLilylikebest?5.Ipickedorangesonthefarmlastweek.(对划线部分提问)youorangeslastweek?20112.Youneedtotakethismedicine3timesaday.(就画线部分提问)__________________________doIneedtotakethismedicine?四、单数句与复数句的转换句子单数变复数，注意以下七要素：1.主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词，即I→we，you→you，she，he，it→they。如：Sheisagirl.→Theyaregirls.2.am，is要变为are。37\n如：I’mastudent.→Wearestudents.3.不定冠词a，an要去掉。如：Heisaboy.→Theyareboys.4.普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如：Itisanapple.→Theyareapples5.指示代词this这→these这些，that那→those那些。如：Thisisabox.→Theseareboxes.6.man，woman名词作定语修饰可数名词时，要在“数”上与被修饰名词保持一致。如：Sheisawomandoctor.→Theyarewomendoctors.但其他名词修饰名词表示“性质”时，不作变化。如：Thatisapencilcase.→Thosearepencilcases.7.Thereis→Thereare；Therewas→Therewere如：Thereisachildinherfamily.→There are some children in her family.1.Theseareoldskateboards._________________________2.Arethoseyourfamilyphotos?________________________37\n3.AretheseyourEnglish-Chinesedictionaries?______________________________________4.Therearesomeoldcarsbehindthehouse._________________________________2007年真题：4．Thatbusisveryold．(改为复数句)______________________________veryold．2009年真题：1.Thatisherknife.(改成复数)are.五、陈述句变感叹句1、巧变陈述句为感叹句一断二加三前移，强调副词（very,so,quite）要删去。名词前面用what，形、副用how莫迟疑。2、感叹句的解题步骤：1．从句子后面看起，找动词。2.找动词前的主语。注意1.主语通常是代词或the+名词2.如果找不到动词说明也没有主语3.看主语前只有一个字时用How，两个字时用What。注意fun例外，Whatfun1.Theboyswamveryfast.（同义句）______________theboyswam!2.Theschooltripisveryexciting.（同义句）___________theschooltripis!3.HeiLongjianglooksverybeautifulinwinter.（同义句）37\n______________HeiLongjianglooksinwinter!4.Itisaveryusefuldictionary.（同义句）_____________________dictionaryitis!_____________________dictionaryis!5.Thestudentsarelisteningverycarefully.________________thestudentsarelistening!十五、语音规则Aa读音例词特殊重读开音节/ei/name,page,date,game,cake重读闭音节/æ/appleat,bag,cat,map,lamphave/æ/特殊发音/e/anymanyanything在s前/ɑ:/classglassaskgraspfastvaseafter，France，answerfatherdance在w,wh后/ɔ/wantwashwhatwatchwaswater[ɔ:]细水长流Ee读音例词特殊重读开音节/i:/be,he,me,she,these,we重读闭音节/e/eggbed,best,desk,get,let,pen在前缀和后缀中/i/eleveneraseexcusedependbehindbasketblanketjacketpocketIi读音例词特殊重读开音节/ai/like,nice,kite,nine,bike重读闭音节/i/big,pig,it,is,in,trip,wishlive,give/i/在ndld/ai/kindfindmindchildwind37\nghgn前signlightfightright/i/ie放词尾/ai/dielietieclient客户/'klaɪənt/ie放词中/i:/fieldpiecebelievefriend/e/o读音例词特殊重读开音节/əu/go,no,home,nose,coke,hope重读闭音节/ɔ/hot,dog,frog,from,off,on,not在st,ld前/əu/oldcoldholdmostpostcost/ɔ/m,n,v,th前/Λ/comesomefrontsonmonthMondaylovecovermoneymonkeymotherbrotherotheranotherboth/əu/onecolorworrydoes/u:/dowhomoveshoetowhosemovielose[lu:z]/u/woman，wolf，intoUu读音例词特殊重读开音节/ju:/use,student，duty重读闭音节/Λ/but,bus,must,bun,run,sunsupperBusy/'bizi/j,l,r,s后/u:/FebruaryJuneJulyflubluerulersuperglue/u/sugar,put,full,push,pull糖放满推拉qu/kw/quietquickquestionquarteroo读音例词/u/老K的好脚及room的合成词book,cook,good,footbedroom,classroom/u:/余下的food,school,roomth读音例词特殊/ð/1.找有-the-2.找this,that,with,those,thantherebrotherfathertheatre/θ/余下的thinkthirdthank37\ns读音例词/s/找t,h,p,k,(注：hopes去e看p)paintsworkshelps/z/余下的spendsrunsloveses读音例词/iz/辅音(s,sh,ch,x,g)后teacheswatchesboxesoranges/z/元音(i,o)后clothes[z]例外shoesgoescarriesed读音例词/id/找t和dwaitedneededstartedvisited/t/找s,h,p,k,stoppedaskedlaughedbrushed/d/余下的closed例外livedplayedcarriedborrowedch读例词/k/圣诞节上学肚子痛Christmas,schoolstomach，ache，character角色/ʃ/机器machine/tʃ/余下的teacherChineseMarchchairai,ay读音例词/e/“说”的三单和过去式says[sez]said[sed]/i/假期七天去爬山holidaySunday,Monday…,mountain/ei/余下的wait,play，daysay-ar读音例词37\n/α:/carfarm/ɔ:/找w或quwarmquarter-or读音例词例外/ɔ:/fortyshortsor/ry/‵sɔ/ri//ә:/找wwordworkerwor/ry/‵wΛ/ri/-er,-ir,-ur读音例词/ә:/重读hercertainlyfirstbirthday /ә/非重读teacherbrotherwh读音例词/w/wh后没owhitewherewhich/h/wh后有owhowhomwhosewholewr读音例词/r/w不发音wrongwriteea读音例词/e/天气好人健康毛衣准备好了早餐吃面包头很重想死了聋了weatherhealthysweaterready breakfastbreadhead heavy deaddeafpleasure/ei/太好了中场休息great  break/iә/主意ideareally/i:/其它clean  please  read   teachersea37\near组合的发音/iә//εә//ә:/有一个year(年)bear熊earth地球天空很clear(晴朗)pear梨learn学习下有个bear(狗熊)[εә]wear穿early早被割掉ear(耳朵)airheard听见（过去式）气跑了dear(爱人)pair流出了tear(眼泪)chair听到了hearcare老虎在near(附近)careful心里很fear(害怕)parentherethereow,ou组合ou/ʌ/touch young cousinou/au/blouse trousersabout  playgroundow/au/nowhow    down browncrowdedallowow/әu/know  yellow  window  rowc读音例词/s/在字母e，i，y前centercity，cellbicycle/k/其余closecatcupg读音例词37\n/ʤ/在字母e，i，y前giraffe,cabbagegym/g/其余gamegroundgivey读音例词/ai/单词后，单音节词bycrymytrysatisfy/i/单词后，双音节或多音节词babypartyfamilylovely/j/单词前yesyearyouyourn读音例词特殊/n/answer，line，fan，neck/ŋ/在辅音[g]或[k]之前think，uncle，English，finger，wrongstrange['streindʒ]change[tʃeindʒ]/ŋ/ng37