小升初英语-语法大全 38页

``小升初英语语法大全一、名词表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was；最好不要根据some、any、alotof等词去作判断，以免受误导。1、可数名词如何变―复数形式‖：a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds；读音：清辅音后读[s]，浊辅音和元音后读[z]。b．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches；读音：[iz]。c．以―辅音字母+y‖结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries；读音：[z]。d．以―f或fe‖结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives，thief-thieves；读音：[z]。e．以―o‖结尾的词，分两种情况1）有生命的+es读音：[z]如：mango-mangoestomato-tomatoeshero-heroes2)无生命的+s读音：[z]如：photo-photosradio-radiosf.不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese``\n``2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上―量词+of‖。例如：aglassofwater,apieceofpaper,abottleofjuice判断步骤：↗如是am、is或was→原形读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看be动词 ↘如是are或were→加s或es练一练：1、写出下列各词的复数。I_________him_________this_______her______watch_______mango_______child_______photo________diary______day________foot________dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____thief_______engineer______peach______sandwich______man______woman_______leaf_______people________2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。（1）Aretheretwo————(box)onthetable?（2）Icanseesome————(people)inthecinema.（3）Howmany(day)arethereinaweek?（4）Here’refive(bottle)of(juice)foryou.（5）This—————(violin)ishers.Those————(grape)areoverthere.二、冠词冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为―不定冠词‖和―定冠词‖两种。1、不定冠词：a、an。用在单数名词前，表示―一个，一件……‖。an用在以元音―音素‖开头的单词前。如：ane-mail,anorange,anoldman,anEnglishwatch,anhour…``\n``2、定冠词：the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法：（1）用来表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：Themaponthewallisnew.（2）表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：Lookatthepicture,please.（3）表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：Thisisastamp.Thestampisbeautiful.（4）用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：thesun太阳themoon月亮theearth地球（5）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：theGreatWall长城（6）用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如：theChangjiangRiver长江（7）此外，序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the。如：thefirstday,thebestboy,playthepiano,inthesameclass确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。练一练：1、用a或an填空。____―U‖____ice-cream____goalkeeper____teapot____apple____office____Englishbook____umbrella____unit____hour2、根据需要，填写冠词a，an或the。（1）Whois____girlbehind____tree?（2）____oldmanhastwochildren,____sonand____daughter.（3）Thisis____orange.____orangeisLucy’s.（4）Helikesplaying____guitar.Wehave____samehobby.（5）Weallhad____goodtimelastSunday.（6）Shewantstobe____doctor.``\n``三，数词我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。区别：基数词前面没有―the‖；序数词前一定要有―the‖。1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上―-‖。如：21twenty-one2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上and。如：101a/onehundredandone3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时，一定别忘了它的复数形式。如：十八个男孩eighteenboys4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。如：两碗米饭twobowlsofrice5、序数词一般加―th‖，特殊的有：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth…―第几十几‖：前面整十不变，后面―几‖改为序数词。如：88eighty-eighth练一练：1、请翻译下列短语。（1）60名学生（2）15本英语书（3）九杯凉水（4）4个孩子（5）12月31（6）6月2日（7）第九周（8）40年前（9）11+7（10）上学第一天2、把下列基数词改成序数词。one---two---three---nine---fourteen---twenty---thirty-five---eighty-one四、代词``\n``代词有两种：人称代词和物主代词。1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多用于动词、介词后。3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于谁的。4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如：Thisismybag.=Thisismine.Thatisherruler.=Thatishers.一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。请牢记下表：单数复数人称代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs练一练：1、按要求写出相应人称代词。I（宾格）_______she（形容词性物主代词）_______we（名词性物主代词）_______he（复数）_______us（单数）_______theirs（主格）_______its（宾格）_______2、想一想，把下表补充完整。``\n``人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称meusour第二人称youyou第三人称hethemhistheirheritits3、用所给词的适当形式填空。1）Thatisnot_________kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_________isverybig.(I)2）Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she)3）Isthis_________watch?(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)4）_________ismybrother.________nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare_________.(he)5）_________dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare_________?(you)6）Show_________yourkite,OK?(they)7）Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.(it)8）Arethese________tickets?No,________arenot_________.________aren’there.(they)9）Shall_________havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis_________classroom.(we)``\n``10）_________ismyaunt.Doyouknow_________job?_________isanurse.(she)11）Whereare_________?Ican’tfind_________.Let’scall_________parents.(they)12）Don’ttouch_________._________isnotacat,_________isatiger!(it)13）_________sisterisill.Pleasegoandsee_________.(she)14）Thegirlbehind_________isourfriend.(she)五、形容词、副词1、形容词表示某一事物或人的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式：原形、比较级、最高级。比较级：+er最高级：the…+est两个重要特征：as……as中间一定用原形，than的前面一定要+er。2、形容词、副词比较级的规则变化如下：（1）一般直接+er。如：tall-taller,fast-faster单音节词如果以-e结尾，只加-r。如：late-later（2）重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须双写这个字母，再加-er。如：big-bigger,fat-fatter（3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er。如：heavy-heavier,early-earlier（4）双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加more构成。如：beautiful-morebeautiful,careful-morecareful,quietly-morequietly,interesting-moreinteresting（5）有些不规则变化的，须逐一加以记忆。如：good/well–better,bad/ill–worse,many/much–more,far–farther/further,old–older/elder…练一练：1、写出下列形容词、副词的比较级。biggoodlongtalloldshortthinheavyyoungfat``\n``lightstronghighfarlowearlylatewellfastslow2、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1)Icanswimas_______(fast)asthefish,Ithink.2)Look!Hishandsare_______(big)thanmine.3)Ithinkyoudothesethings_______(well)thanyourclassmates.4)Whosebagis_______(heavy),yoursormine?5)DoesJimrunas_______（slow)asDavid?Yes,butMikeruns_______(slow)thanthem.6)Youhavesevenbooks,butIhave_______(many)thanyou.Ihaveten.7)Ijump_______(far)thansomeoftheboysinmyclass.8)I’mvery_______(thin),butshe’s_______(thin)thanme.9)Itgets_______and_______(warm)whenspringcomeshere.六、介词1、一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语，才能在句子中起作用。有：in,on,under,with,behind,about,near,before,after,for,to,up,down,from,infrontof,outof,from…to…,atthebackof…2、表示时间的介词有：at,on,in。（1）at表示―在某一个具体的时间点上‖，或用在固定词组中。如：atteno’clock,at9:30a.m.,atnight,attheweekend…（2）on表示―在某日或某日的时间段‖。如：onFriday,onthefirstofOctober,onMondaymorning…（3）in表示―在某一段时间（月份、季节）里‖。如：intheafternoon,inSeptember,in``\n``summer,in2005…3、in一词还有其他的固定搭配，如：inblue（穿着蓝色的衣服），inEnglish（用英语表达），takepartin（参加）。练一练：1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。1)What’sthis_______(at,on,in)English?2)Christmasis_______(at,on,in)the25thofDecember.3)Theman_______(with,on,in)blackisSuHai’sfather.4)Hedoesn’tdowell_______(at,on,in)PE.5)Lookatthosebirds_______(on,in)thetree.6)Wearegoingtomeet_______(at,on,in)thebusstop_______(at,on,in)halfpastten.7)Isthereacat_______(under,behind,in)thedoor?8)Helen’swritingpaperis_______(in,infrontof)hercomputer.9)Welive_______(at,on,in)anewhousenow.10)Doesitoftenrain_______(at,on,in)springthere?2、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词，并将正确的答案写在横线上。1)JimisgoodinEnglishandMaths.2)Thefilmswereinthegroundjustnow.3)Theyaretalkingtotheirplans.4)HowmanystudentshavetheirbirthdaysonMay?5)Women’sDayisatthethirdofMarch.``\n``6)Icanjogtoschoolonthemorning.7)Didyouwatertreesatthefarm?8)CanyoucomeandhelpmeonmyEnglish?9)IusuallytakephotosinSundaymorning.10)WhatdidyoudoontheSpringFestival?七、动词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词（就是我们平时总说的那种动词）。动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：先用―一（量词）‖（如：一个、一张等）和这个词连起来说，如说得通，一般认为是名词；说不通再用―很‖去判断，就是把―很‖和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词；都说不通就是动词。（目前我们学过的，以后可能不同）（另外一些很明显的，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道）1、be动词（am,is,are,was,were）1）am—was,is–was,are--were口诀：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。2）肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)ateacher.Sheis(not)inthediningroom.Myhairis(not)long.Hereyesare(not)small.3）一般疑问句AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.4）be动词的否定形式：amnot（没有缩写形式），arenot=aren’t，isnot=isn’t。``\n``用恰当的be动词填空。练一练：1、用be动词的适当形式填空。1）I______aboy.______youaboy?No,I_____not.2）Thegirl______Jack'ssister.3）Thedog_______tallandfat.4）Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.5）______yourbrotherintheclassroom?6）How_______yourfather?7）MikeandLiuTao______atschool.8）Whosedress______this?9）Whosesocks______they?10）Who______I?11）Thejeans______onthedesk.12）Here______ascarfforyou.13）Here______somesweatersforyou.14）Theblackgloves______forSuYang.15）Thispairofgloves______forYangLing.16）Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme.17）Sometea______intheglass.18）Gaoshan'sshirt_______overthere.19）Mysister'sname______Nancy.20）______DavidandHelenfromEngland?21）There______agirlintheroom.22）There______someapplesonthetree.23）_______thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?24）There_______somebreadontheplate.25）You,heandI______fromChina.26）There_______aboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark.2、助动词（do,does,did）``\n``do,does用于一般现在时，其过去式did用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。它们的否定形式：donot=don’t,doesnot=doesn’t,didnot=didn’t。注意：在一般现在时中，does用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词do；助动词do,does,did后面一定要用动词原形。练一练：1、用适当的助动词填空。1)______youlikethismagazine?2)Thegirl______likebreadforbreakfast.3)---What______she______attheweekends?---Sheusuallyplaysgameswithherfriends.4)---Wha______youdolastSunday?---Iwrotetomyfriend.5)---DidyouseeaBeijingopera?---No,I______.6)He______notvisitafarmlastNationalDayholiday.7)They______notlikeplayingvolleyball.8)---______JimhaveapicnicwithhisfamilyeverySaturday?---Yes,he.9)______HelenandYangLinggotoschoolonfooteveryday?10)---Howmanykites______wehave?---Wehaveten.2、找出下列句子中的错误，将序号填入题前括号内，并改正。()1)DidyouhadabiglunchwithyourfamilylastSpringFestival?A.DidB.hadC.with()2)---Whatdotheboyhaveinhispencil-box?---Hehasarubber.A.doB.haveC.has``\n``()3)Theydoesn’tlikethefilm.A.doesn’B.likeC.film()4)DoJimgetupatsixeveryday?A.DoB.getC.everyday()5)Don'tgivingtheballtoLiuTao.A.Don'tB.givingC.to3、情态动词情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。我们现在学过的情态动词有：can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might、must。注意：情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响）其否定形式：cannot=can’t,mustnot=mustn’t,…注意：maynot和shallnot（无缩写形式）练一练：选择填空。()1)Thesignonthewallmeansyou______stayawayfromthebuilding.A.mustB.can’tC.shouldn't()2)Howmanybooks______youseeonthedesk?A.mayB.canC.should()3)Itmeansyou______makenoiseinthelibrary.A.shouldB..shouldn'tC.can()4)---______youlikeaglassofmilk?---Yes,please.``\n``A.MayB.CouldC.Would()5)---______youseethesignoverthere?---Sorry,Ican’t.A.CanB.Can’tC.Should()6)______wegototheparkbybus?A.MayB.MustC.Shall4、行为动词就是我们平时上课时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如：sweep、live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词（也叫动名词）+ing、过去式+ed。（1）动词第三人称单数变化规则：A、一般直接加―s‖，如：play–plays,visit–visits,speak–speaks；B、以―s‖，―x‖，―sh‖，―ch‖结尾时，加―es‖，如：catch–catches,watch–watches；C、以―辅音字母+y‖结尾时，变―y‖为―i‖再加―es‖，如：carry–carries,study–studies。（2）现在分词（动名词）构成规则：A、一般直接加―ing‖，如：go–going,do–doing,look–looking；B、以不发音的―e‖结尾的单词，去―e‖加―ing‖，如：take–taking,make–making,have–having；C、以重读闭音节结尾的词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需要双写这个字母再加―ing‖，如：put–putting,stop–stopping,run–running,get–getting,swim–swimming,sit–sitting,begin–beginning,jog–jogging,forget–forgetting。（3）过去式构成规则：A、一般直接加―ed‖，如：plant–planted,visit–visited,pick–picked；B、以不发音字母―e‖结尾，直接加―ed‖，如：like–liked,hope–hoped,taste–``\n``tasted；C、以―辅音字母+y‖结尾时，变―y‖为―i‖再加―ed‖，如：try–tried,carry–carried,study–studied；D、有些动词要双写最后一个字母，再加―ed‖，如：stop–stopped；E、还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的，请记忆：是-am(be)-was-being；是-are(be)-were-being；是-be-was,were-being；成为-become-became-becoming；开始-begin-began-beginning；弯曲-bend-bent-bending；吹-blow-blew-blowing；买-buy-bought-buying；能-can-could-----；捕捉-catch-caught-catching；选择-choose-chose-choosing；来-come-came-coming；切-cut-cut-cutting；做-do,does-did-doing；画-draw-drew-drawing；饮-drink-drank-drinking；吃-eat-ate-eating；感觉-feel-felt-feeling；发现-find-found-finding；飞-fly-flew-flying；忘记-forget-forgot-forgetting；得到-get-got-getting；给-give-gave-giving；走-go-went-going；成长-grow-grew-growing；有-have,has-had-having；听-hear-heard-hearing；受伤-hurt-hurt-hurting；保持-keep-kept-keeping；知道-know-knew-knowing；学习-learn-learned,learnt-learning；允许，让-let-let-letting；躺-lie-lay-lying；制造-make-made-making；可以-may-might----；意味-mean-meant-meaning；会见-meet-met-meeting；必须-must-must----；放置-put-put-putting；读-read-read-reading；骑、乘-ride-rode-riding；响、鸣-ring-rang-ringing；跑-run-ran-running；说-say-said-saying；看见-see-saw-seeing；将-shall-should----；``\n``唱歌-sing-sang-singing；坐下-sit-sat-sitting；睡觉-sleep-slept-sleeping；说-speak-spoke-speaking；度过-spend-spent-spending。练一练：1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数。drink__________go____________stay__________make__________look__________have_________pass__________carry__________come___________watch__________plant_________fly________study________brush_________do___________teach____________take__________see__________2、写出下列动词的现在分词。put__________give__________fly_________get________dance________sit_________run________plant_________take___________swim_________ask___________stop__________take_________write__________have__________smoke_________think__________want__________tell__________3、写出下列动词的过去式。is\am_________fly_______plant________are________drink_________play_______go________make________does_________dance________worry___________ask________taste_________eat__________draw________put______throw________kick_________pass_______do________4、用动词的适当形式填空。（1）I______toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.Mybrotheroften_______toschoolwithme.Yesterdaywe_______toschooltogether.Welike________toschoolvery``\n``much.(go)（2）Theyusually_______lunchathome.Butlastweek,they____lunchatschool.(have)（3）That______myEnglishbook.It_____new.Butnowit_____nothere.It______thereamomentago.(be)（4）Mysisterlikes________verymuch.Sheoften_______atourschoolfestival.Lastterm,she_______alotofsongsintheschoolhall.She_____beautifully.(sing)（5）What_____heusually______onSunday?Heusually______hishomework.Look!He__________hishomeworknow.______he_______hishomeworklastSunday?Yes,he_______.(do)（6）Dopeopleusually_______mooncakesatMid-autumnFestival?Yes,theydo.Didyou_______mooncakeslastMid-autumnFestival?Yes,Idid.I_______alotofdeliciousmooncakes.(eat)八、there/herebe结构1、therebe结构表示―某时、某地存在着什么事物或人‖，包括thereis、thereare、therewas、therewere。herebe结构与它类似，用法也完全相同，只不过是表示―这里存在着什么事物或人‖。2、和have、has、had的区别：（1）Therebe句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）；而have、has、had表示：某人拥有某物。（2）在therebe句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is；主语是复数，be动词用are；如有几件物品，be动词根据最近be动词的那个名词决定——―就近原则‖。``\n``（3）therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。（4）therebe句型与have(has)的区别：therebe表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has)表示某人拥有某物。（5）some和any在therebe句型中的运用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。（6）and和or在therebe句型中的运用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑问句。（7）针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Howmany+名词复数+arethere+介词短语？Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语？（8）针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What’s+介词短语？（9）Therebe结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。练一练：1、用恰当的be动词填空。1)There______fourseasonsinayear.2)There______notanytreestwoyearsago.3)---______thereapostofficenearyourschool?---Yes,there______.4)---Howmanystops______there?---There______onlyone.5)There______notanystampsontheenvelope.6)______thereanybirdsinthetree?7)There______ashoppingcentrenearourschoollastyear.Butnowthere______noone.8)There______onlythreeofus:mydad,mymumandme.9)Here______somebreadforyou.``\n``10)InNewYork,there______alotofraininspring.2、选用―have,has,had,thereis,thereare,therewas,therewere‖填空。1)I______agoodfatherandagoodmother.2)______atelescopeonthedesk.3)He______atape-recorder.4)______abasketballintheplayground.5)They______anicegarden.6)Myfather______astory-booklastyear.7)______areading-roominthebuilding?8)WhatdoesMike______?9)______anybooksinthebookcase?10)Howmanystudents______intheclassroom?11)______astory-bookonthetableamomentago.12)Whatdoyou______?13)Myparents______somenicepictures.14)______somemapsonthewall.15)______amapoftheworldonthewall.16)David’sfriends______sometents.17)__________manychildrenonthehill.九、some，any的用法some用于肯定句；any用于否定句和一般疑问句。请注意看例句后扩号中说明的用法。例：Thereissomewaterintheglass.（肯定句）Therearesomeflowersinthegarden.（肯定句）Therearen’tanylampsinthestudy.（否定句）``\n``Arethereanymapsonthewall?（一般疑问句）Wouldyoulikesomeorangejuice?（希望得到肯定回答）Doyouwanttotakeanyphotosattheparty?（一般疑问句）练一练：选用some或any填空。1)Thereisn’t______milkinthefridge.2)Icansee______cars,butIcan’tsee______buses.3)Hehas______friendsinEngland.4)Werethere______fruittreesonthefarm?5)Hereare______presentsforyou.6)DoesTomwanttotake______photos?7)Isthere______riceinthekitchen?8)Thereare______newbuildingsinourschool.9)---Wouldyoulike______cakes?---No,I’dnotlike______cakes,butI’dlike______coffee.10)---Arethere______picturesonthewall?---No,therearen’t______pictures.十、动词不定式1、to加动词原形构成一种非谓语形式，在这里不是介词，无词义。如：IwanttomakeaNewYearcard.我想制作一张新年贺卡。Wouldyouliketohaveapicnicwithus?你愿意和我们一起去野餐吗？2、to保留原来动词的一些特征，它可以带自己的宾语和状语等。如：Togettherefaster,youcantakebusNo.5.想快一点到那儿，你可以坐5路车。``\n``3、to前有时带疑问词what,when,where,which,why,how等。如：He’saskingYangLinghowtogetthere.他正在问杨玲怎样到达那里。总而言之，一定要记住：to后面用动词原形。练一练：1、用扩号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1)Peoplewouldlike________(go)tofarmsinthecountryside.2)It’stime________(have)lunch3)Iwant________(buy)somepresentsformyfriends.4)Thethiefbegan________(run).5)Pleaseshouwmehow________(go)totheshoppingcentre.6)Wouldyoulike________(join)us?7)Don’tforget________(write)―HappyNewYear‖.8)Shewasveryglad________(see)them.9)Pleaseremember________(close)thewindowsbeforeyougohome.10)I’msorry________(hear)that.2、圈出下列句子中的错误，并改正。1)Wouldyoulikegocampingwithus?2)Helen,showuxhowdrawingasquare.3)Iwanttowritesalettertomypenfriend.4)It’stimeforusgotoschool.5)LiuTaowantstoshowingPeter’sphotostohismum.十一、动名词``\n``其实就是动词的―现在分词‖。它既有―名词性质‖（可作主语），又具有动词性质（可带宾语）。如：Pleasekeepquietinthereadingroom.还有我们的一些课题：Askingtheway中是―名词性质‖；Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.中是―动词性质‖，带了宾语stamps.1、remember（记住）后面跟动名词，表示―记得做过某事‖；跟to+动词原形，表示―记得要去做某事‖。如：Irememberpostingthelettertoday.我记得今天把信寄走了。Pleaseremembertopostthelettertoday.请记住今天要把信寄走。2、forget（忘记）后面跟动名词，表示―忘记做过某事（实际做过）‖；跟to+动词原形，表示―忘记去做某事（实际没做）‖。如：Iforgetdoinghomeworkthismorning.我忘记今天早上做过作业了。Iforgettodohomeworkthismorning.我忘记今天早上做作业了。3、stop（停止）后面跟动名词，表示―停止做某事‖；跟to+动词原形，表示―停止正在做的事，而去做别的事‖。如：Stopsmoking,please.请不要吸烟。Wearetired.Let’sstoptohavearest.我们累了，让我们停下来休息一下。4、like（喜欢）后面跟动名词，表示一个人的爱好和习惯，意思是―喜欢干某事‖；跟to+动词原形，常用于wouldliketodosomething，表示―某人想要、愿意干某事‖。如：Iliketakingawalkaftersuppereveryday.我喜欢每天晚饭后去散步。Iwouldliketohavesomechips.我想要吃些薯条。练一练：1、用扩号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1)_________(swim)isnotasfastasrunning.2)It’ssunnytoday.Let’sgo_________(fish).``\n``3)Doyoulike_________(read)Englishinthemorning?4)Areyougoodat_________(dance)?5)Whereisthe_________(shop)centre?6)Wouldyouliketogo_________(jog)withme?7)Myhobbyis_________(play)football.8)SuHailikes_________(watch)cartoonsonSundays.2、选择扩号内动词的适当形式填空。1)I’msorry_________(hearing,tohear)that.2)Jimisgoodat_________(swimming,toswim).3)Shallwego_________(skating,toskate)?4)Today,myworkis_________(looking,tolook)afterthebaby.5)I’mgoing_________(flying,tofly)akiteintheplayground.6)Ilike_________(playing,toplay)basketballafterschool.7)Wouldyoulike_________(going,togo)totheGreatWall?8)JimisaskingLiuTaohow________(getting,toget)totheHistoryMuseum.十二、时间和日期的表达1、有两种时间表达法：A）直接读写数词。如：9:15ninefifteen10:30tenthirty11:45elevenforty-five7:05sevenofive2:25twotwenty-five5:55fivefifty-fiveB）借助past和to来表达。past一般用于30分钟以内（含30分钟）的时间表达；to一般用于超过30分钟的时间表达。一刻钟可以用aquarter表示，半小时可以用half表示。如：9:15aquarterpastnine10:30halfpastten11:45aquartertotwelve``\n``7:05fivepastseven2:25twenty-fivepasttwo5:55fivetosix注意：询问时间可用句型―What’sthetime?‖或者―Whattimeisit?‖。2、日期的表达：the+序数词+of+月份。如：thethirdofJune六月三日注意：询问日期可用句型―Whatdateisittoday?‖或者―What’sthedatetoday?‖。练一练：1、用两种方法表达下列时间。6:451:589:053:225:508:302、用英语表达下列日期。五月一日九月十日三月八日四月五日七月九日八月三日一月十五日六月二日十二月二十五日3、同义句转换，每空一词。1)---What’sthetime?---It’selevenforty-five.---___________isit?---It’s___________.2)It’ssevenofive.It’stimeforbreakfast.It’s_____________________.3)---What’sthedatetoday?---It’s1stOctober.---___________isittoday?---It’s___________十三、名词所有格1、有生命的名词所有格：``\n``A）单数后加―’s‖，如：SuHai’stwinsister苏海的双胞胎妹妹Jim’sfamily吉姆的一家B）以―s‖结尾的复数名词，只需加―’‖，如：Teachers’Day教师节thetwins’parentsC）不以―s‖结尾的复数名词，则仍需加―’s‖，如：Children’sDay儿童节注意：表示两人或几人共有的物品，只需在最后一人名后加―’s‖，如：BenandJim’sbook2、无生命的名词所有格，一般与―of‖构成短语。如：aphotoofhisfamily他家的一张照片thecolourofherskirt她的短裙的颜色练一练：翻译下列词组：大卫的叔叔我妹妹的邮票妇女节老师们的办公室他笔友的信这本书的名字双胞胎的书房孩子们的爱好邮局的大门``\n``十四、句子的种类``\n``练一练：1、填入适当的疑问词。1)_______walletisit?It’smine.2)_______istheChristmasDay?It’sonthe25thofDecember.3)_______isthediary?It’sunderthechair.4)_______istheboyinblue?He’sMike.5)_______aretheearphones?Theyare25yuan.6)_______isthehairdryer?It’sblue.7)_______isittoday?It’sSunday.8)_______wasityesterday?Itwasthe13thofOctober.9)_______thisredone?It’sbeautiful.10)_______isitfromhere?It’sabout2kilometresaway.11)A:CanIhavesomepaperandsomecrayons?B:_______?A:Iwanttomakeakite.12)_______isyourcousin?He’s15yearsold.``\n``13)_______doyouhavedinner?At6o’clock.14)_______oneisfatter,theblueoneortheredone?Theblueone.2、对括号部分提问。1)Icansee（eightrubbers）inthebox._____________________can_______seeinthebox?2)Myfatheris（fine）today.____________yourfathertoday?3)LiuTaois（playingfootball）intheplayground.___________LiuTao_______intheplayground?4)Thefilmswere（ontheground）.______________thefilms?5)（Thegirlwithbigeyes）ismysister’sfriend.___________________sister’sfriend?6)Mybirthdayis（onthe9thofSeptember）.____________yourbirthday?7)I’dlikeanicecakeforbreakfast.___________________likeforbreakfast?8)That’s（Nancy’sskirt）.______________isthat?3、按要求改写句子。1)It’sabook.（改为一般疑问句）___ita_______?2)Myfatheris（inthestudy）.（对括号部分提问）``\n``_______is_______father?3)DoyouwatchTVeverySunday?（做肯定回答）_______,I_______.4)Thispictureisbeautiful.（改为以what引导的感叹句）What_____________picture!5)Openthedoorforhim.（改为否定句）_______open______for_______!6)Ihaveabigpresent.（对划线部分提问）_______doyou_______?肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答Heisrunningnow.Heisn’trunningnow.---Isherunningnow?---Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.Theyaremakingapuppet.Theyaren’tmakingapuppet.---Aretheymakingapuppet?---Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.7)Therearesomeorangetrees.（改为单数句子）There______________orange_______.8)wearegoingto（seeaBeijingopera）.（对括号部分提问）What_______you___________do?9)Hehassomequestions.（改为一般疑问句）_______he______________questions?10)TheyvisitedtheirrelativesandfriendslastSpringFestival.（改为一般疑问句）_____they_______theirrelativesandfriendslastSpringFestival?十五、时态``\n``1、一般现在时A、当谓语是be动词时，构成为：主语+be动词(am,is,are)+其他。如：Iamastudent.B、当谓语是行为动词时，构成有两种：（1）主语（非第三人称单数）+动词原形+其他。如：WeoftenwatchTVattheweekends.（2）主语（第三人称单数）+动词第三人称单数形式+其他。如：JimusuallygoestotheparkonSundays.C、句型变换：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答TheywatchTVatsixeveryday.Theydon’twatchTVatsixeveryday.---DotheywatchTVatsixeveryday.---Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.ShewatchesTVatsixeveryday.Shedoesn’twatchTVatsixeveryday.---DoesshewatchTVatsixeveryday.---Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.练一练：A、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1)Heoften______(have)dinnerathome.2)DanielandTommy______(be)inClassOne.``\n``3)We______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4)Nick______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5)____they______(like)theWorldCup?6)There(be)somewaterinthebottle.7)____yourparents_____(read)newspaperseveryday?8)Mike______(like)cooking.9)Youalways______(do)yourhomeworkwell.10)They______(have)thesamehobby.11)Myaunt______(look)afterherbabycarefully.12)LiuTao______(do)notlikePE.13)SheandI______(take)awalktogethereveryevening.B、按要求转换句子，每空一词。1)Tomlikesplayingbasketballwithhisfriends.（改成否定句）Tom___________playingbasketballwithhisfriends.2)David’sparentsoftentakeawalkaftersupper.（改为一般疑问句并作出否定回答）---______David’sparentsoften______awalkaftersupper?---No,____________.3)Theyusually（watchTV）.（对括号部分提问）____________theyusually______？4)Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.（改为一般疑问句并作出肯定回答）---_________alwaysa______student?---______,____________.5)SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.（改为否定句）SimonandDaniel____________going______.``\n``2、现在进行时A、构成形式：主语+be动词+动词的ing形式+其他。B、判断依据：句中往往有now、look、listen等词。注意：千万不要忘了一定得有be动词。C、句型变换：练一练：A、用所给的动词的正确形式填空。1)Theboy____________(draw)apicturenow.2)What______you______(do)now?3)Listen.Somegirls____________(sing)intheclassroom.4)Mymother____________(cook)somenicefoodnow.5)Look.They____________(have)anEnglishlesson.6)They____________(notwater)theflowersnow.7)Look!thegirls____________(dance)intheclassroom.8)Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She____________(listen)tomusic.9)______Helen______(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.B、根据中文，完成句子，每空一词。1)刘涛的父亲正在浇花。LiuTao’sfatheris____________.2)看，孩子们正在操场上踢足球。Look!Thechildren__________________intheplayground.3)她正在公园里散步吗？是的。---_____she______awalkinthepark?---Yes,she______.4)Jack正在哪读书？在他书房。``\n``---____________Jack______thebooknow?---Heis__________________.3、一般过去时A、构成形式：主语+动词的过去式+其他。注意：没有be动词的否定句和疑问句中，用didn’t否定和用did提问后，动词一定要用原形。B、判断依据：（1）be动词是was、were；（2）动词加ed；（3）有表示过去的时间状语，现在学过的常用的表示过去的时间状语有：justnow，amoment，yesterday，lastweek，lastnight，lastweekend，lastyear，lastmonth，threedaysago，twoweeksago，fiveyearsago…C、句型变换：练一练：A、用动词的适当形式填空。1)It_____(be)Ben’sbirthdaylastFriday.2)Weall_____(have)agoodtimelastnight.3)He_____(jump)highonlastSportsDay.4)Helen_____(milk)acowonFriday.5)Shelikes_____newspapers,butshe_____abookyesterday.(read)6)He_____footballnow,butthey_____basketballjustnow.(play)7)Jim’smother_____(plant)treesjustnow.``\n``8)_____they_____(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_____.9)I_______(watch)acartoononMonday.10)We_____(go)toschoolonSunday.B、按要求改写句子。1)Myfathercametotheshopjustnow.（改为否定句）Myfather__________totheshopjustnow.2)IwatchedTVlastnight.（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答）---_____you_____TVlast_____?---_____,__________.3)Theirteachertoldthem(astory)yesterday.（对括号部分提问）__________theirteacher_____themyesterday?4)TheywereonthefarmlastSaturday.（改为否定句）They_____onthefarmlastSaturday.5)DavidandLiuTaodidtheirhomeworktogetheramomentago.（改为一般疑问句）_____DavidandLiuTao__________homeworktogether__________.4、一般将来时A、构成形式：（1）主语+begoingto+动词原形+其他。（2）主语+will+动词原形+其他。B、判断依据：一个句子中既有be动词，又有going、to和动词，且动词用的是原形，句中往往有tomorrow、soon、nextweek等词。``\n``C、句型变换：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答SheisgoingtohaveaSheisn’tgoingtohavea---Isshegoingtohaveapicnicpicnictomorrow.picnictomorrow.tomorrow?---Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.TheyaregoingtovisittheirgrandparentsnextSunday.Theyaren’tgoingtovisittheirgrandparentsnextSunday.-AretheygoingtovisittheirgrandparentsnextSunday?---Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.注意：---Whereareyougoing?---We’regoingtoBeijing.问句中不要用到to。练一练：A、根据中文，完成句子，每空一词。1）我打算明天和朋友去野炊。``\n``I_______________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.或者：I_____haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2）下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。---What____________________nextMonday?---I___________playbasketball.或者：---What_____youdonextMonday?---I_____playbasketball.3）你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。---_____yourmother__________goshoppingthis_____?---Yes,she_____.She_____buysomefruit.4.）你们打算什么时候见面？Whattime_____you__________meet?B、改写句子。1）Nancyisgoingtogocamping.（改否定句）Nancy_____goingtogocamping.2）I’llgoandjointhem.（改否定句）I_____go_____jointhem.3）I’mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）_______________togetupat6:30tomorrow?4）Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.（改一般疑问句）__________meetatthebusstopat10:30?5）Sheisgoingto（listentomusic）afterschool.（对括号部分提问）__________she_______________afterschool?时态综合练一练：(每空根据需要可以填多个词)``\n``1、用所给词的适当形式填空。1）Todayisasunnyday.We_______________(have)apicnicthisafternoon.2）Mybrother__________(go)toShanghainextweek.3）Tomoften_________(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He_____(go)toschoolbybike.4）Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually_____(watch)TVand_____(catch)insects?5）It’sFridaytoday.What_____she_____(do)thisweekend?She_____(watch)TVand_____(catch)insects.6）What_____(do)youdolastSunday?I_____(pick)applesonafarm.What_____(do)nextSunday?I__________(milk)cows.7）Mary__________(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.8）LiuTao__________(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.9）David__________(give)apuppetshownextMonday.10）I__________(plan)formystudynow.2、根据中文，完成句子，每空一词。1）杨玲正在问高山一些关于公共标志的问题。YangLingis_____GaoShansome__________about_______________.2）David最喜爱的科目是英语。_____Favouritesubject_______________.3）谁跑得快，男孩还是女孩？Who__________,theboysorthegirls?``\n``4）我父亲每天起床都很早，锻炼身体。Myfather_____up_____and_____someexerciseeveryday.5）你们有什么爱好？他喜欢集邮，我喜欢听音乐。---What_____your_____?---He__________stampsandIlike__________tomusic.6）昨天我们想去参观博物馆，可不认识去的路。我们就问了一个警察，他告诉了我们路线。We_____to_____themuseum,butwe_____know_______________there.We_____apoliceman,andhetold_____theway.7）Nancy将在音乐会上演奏钢琴吗？_____Nancy_____to_____the__________theconcert?8）我们开始上课好吗？谁来读生词？_____we_____ourlessonnow?_____would_____to_____the_____word?``